Chapter 6 - GFDRR

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fiscal and financial funds, and the public and private sectors. Since then, the public has been motivated to purchase insurance products while the sustainable development of the disaster insurance system has been ensured. From 2007 to 2011, China realized a total of nearly 60 billion yuan (Y) of agricultural insurance premium income, providing 580 million of insurance policies worth about Y 1.8 trillion for peasant households, from which farmers have benefited enormously. In 2011, China’s agricultural insurance premium income amounted to Y 17.4 billion, an increase of 236 percent from 2007; 169 million of agricultural insurance products were purchased by peasant households, an increase of 240 percent from 2007. In the same year, China provided an insurance guarantee of Y 650 billion, an increase of 480 percent from 2007. According to the statistics from the Property and Casualty Company Limited under the People’s Insurance Company (Group) of China Limited (PICC), in the 2007–11 period, the rural housing insurance program provided Y 1.9 trillion for 192 million units of insurance policies for Chinese peasant households, playing a positive role in helping disaster-hit farmers rebuild their dwellings and in providing services to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. Vigorously Pushing Forward Community- Based Natural Disaster Risk Management The Chinese government attaches great importance to community-based disaster risk reduction management. It has established 2,843 National Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Demonstration Communities to push forward the establishment of a working mechanism for disaster reduction in communities. It has also devised a disaster emergency relief plan and carried out the investigation of disaster risks and hidden dangers in communities. In addition, it has helped those communities compile a disaster risk map so that residents can know the distribution of disaster risks in those communities and a roadmap for residents to use in getting to shelter areas if disasters hit. Residents are also taught basic methods and skills of selfaid and mutual aid for disaster prevention and reduction. The government has implemented the construction of some demonstration counties for mass monitoring and prevention of geological disasters, the development of urban emergency shelters for earthquakes, and the establishment of demonstration communities for meteorological disaster prevention and reduction to further solidify the foundation of urban and rural disaster reduction work. In 2009, the Chinese government designated May 12 as National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day. All departments and regional authorities made use of the platform to develop a series of products for promoting disaster reduction so that the public gains disaster prevention and reduction knowledge and skills regularly, leading to enhanced social awareness of disaster prevention and reduction. Strengthening International Exchange and Cooperation in the Field of Natural Disaster Risk Management Adopting an open and cooperative attitude, China takes an active part in international efforts in the field of disaster reduction, the establishment and improvement of international cooperative mechanisms of disaster reduction, building up of worldwide capacity in this regard, and provision of mutual aid with other countries in major natural disasters. China has provided Asian, African, and Latin American countries with official aid in disaster relief, incorporating disaster reduction and relief into bilateral aid. Meanwhile, it has actively participated in international disaster reduction cooperation within a multilateral framework and stepped up efforts to promote regional cooperation in the field of disaster reduction and relief. China has established close cooperative partnerships with disasterrelated United Nations (UN) agencies, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations International Improving the Assessment of Disaster Risks to Strengthen Financial Resilience 125
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), and the United Nations World Food Programme (UNWFP), in the field of disaster reduction and has actively participated in disaster reduction cooperation within the UN framework. Since 2003, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) has carried out nine international rescue operations. In 2005, the Chinese government held the first Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Reduction in Beijing. The conference adopted the Beijing Action for Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia, which laid the foundation for Asian countries to further strengthen cooperation on disaster reduction. In 2007, China officially joined the International Charter Space and Major Disasters (CHARTER) and coestablished the International Centre for Drought Risk Reduction (ICDRR) with UNISDR. In 2010, the Beijing office of the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) was set up. China has actively pushed forward the establishment of the dialogue and exchange platform for disaster reduction and many times sent experts to the UN disaster assessment team to perform disaster assessment tasks. Response to the Issues This section addresses three main issues: information sharing mechanisms, disaster risk assessment, and risk financing strategy. Information Sharing Mechanisms China’s main experiences in collecting data and establishing basic databases for risk assessment • Strengthening the development of information standardization. The Chinese government has set up the National Standardization Technical Committee for Disaster Reduction and Relief to study the network technology standardization of disaster reduction, relief, and services, so that the country can experiment with the information services management system to make it more effective and devise relevant technical standards and step-by-step rules. • Strengthening database development. China’s disaster-related departments have continually improved the natural disaster risk database system. The National Disaster Reduction Center of China formulated the data resource plan and defined 15 types of tier-1 databases, 200 types of tier-2 databases and 829 types of tier-3 databases. • Strengthening the development of an information sharing mechanism. A disaster early warning and consultation mechanism and an information sharing mechanism were established, involving the main disasterrelated departments such as civil affairs, land resources, water resources, agriculture, statistics, forestry, earthquake, meteorology, and ocean. In terms of international cooperation, China has joined major disaster space information sharing mechanisms, including CHARTER and UN-SPIDER. • Strengthening the development of a disaster information sharing platform. China has developed disaster information databases, launched the establishment of the National Platform for Common GeoSpatial Information Services, established a disaster information sharing and release system, and built up a national information platform for comprehensive disaster reduction and risk management to provide effective support to central and local governments in disaster-related emergency decision making. China’s main challenges in building mechanisms for exchange and sharing of information • A standard and unified data standardization system for natural disaster risk management is yet to be set up at the national level, 126 Improving the Assessment of Disaster Risks to Strengthen Financial Resilience
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