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Module 2.2-3<br />
<strong>WIND</strong> <strong>TURBINE</strong> <strong>TECHNOLOGY</strong><br />
Turbine Technology<br />
Gerhard J. Gerdes<br />
Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
November 14-25, 2005<br />
Nadi, Republic of the Fiji Islands<br />
4-Nov-05 (11:22)<br />
Contents Module 2.2-3<br />
Wind Turbine Technologies<br />
Mechanical differences<br />
Control differences<br />
Pacific Region Issues<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
2
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4-Nov-05 (11:22)<br />
types of<br />
wind<br />
turbines<br />
3<br />
4-Nov-05 (11:22)<br />
Different wind turbine concepts<br />
Hub<br />
Rotor<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Shaft<br />
Gearbox<br />
Generator<br />
Tower<br />
Nacelle<br />
4
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Functional elements of the drive<br />
train – example 1<br />
Separate bearings for:<br />
•Rotor + Rotor shaft<br />
•Gear box<br />
•Generator<br />
Generator<br />
Break<br />
Gear box<br />
Bearings<br />
Hub<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Machine frame Azimuth bearings Azimuth drive<br />
Spinner<br />
Source: BWE<br />
5<br />
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Functional elements of the drive<br />
train – example 2<br />
Combined bearings for: Rotor + Rotor shaft and Gear Box<br />
Conical rotor shaft<br />
Rotor main bearing<br />
Gear Box<br />
Cooler<br />
Generator<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Hub<br />
Azimuth drive<br />
Moment support<br />
(Elastomere)<br />
Coupling<br />
Machine frame<br />
Source: DeWind D8, 2002<br />
6
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Fixed speed wind turbine with stall<br />
rotor<br />
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7<br />
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Wind turbine with gear box<br />
blades fixed (stall control)<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Wind turbine<br />
with<br />
gear box<br />
Pitch<br />
controlled<br />
8
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Pitch controlled turbine with<br />
induction generator<br />
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9<br />
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e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Gearbox-less wind<br />
turbine with multi-pole<br />
ring generator<br />
1. Machine frame<br />
2. Azimut drive<br />
3. Generator stator<br />
4. Generator rotor<br />
5. Rotor blade adaptor<br />
6. Axle pivot<br />
7. Rotor blade<br />
– 0.6 MW to 4.5MW<br />
– 40 to 112m rotor<br />
diameter<br />
– pitch control,<br />
– variable rotor<br />
speed<br />
10
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Turbine with reduced speed<br />
Multibrid turbine<br />
5 MW<br />
116m rotor<br />
diameter<br />
290 to weight<br />
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Issues for specific design criteria for wind<br />
turbines in the Pacific Region<br />
Anti-corrosion and turbine cooling<br />
example: Fortalezza, Brazil<br />
Survival speed<br />
option: laying down of the wind turbine, e.g. Vernier,<br />
Aero Smart (SMA), Bergery?, Atlantic Orient?<br />
Lattice or tubular tower<br />
less thrust?<br />
but higher danger of corrosion?<br />
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Survival speed – m/s<br />
Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV<br />
GL Average wind speed Max. 10,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s<br />
Max. 5 Sec. gust 65,1 m/s 55,3 m/s 48,8 m/s 39,1 m/s<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Max. 10 Min gust 46,5 m/s 39,5 m/s 34,9 m/s 29,9 m/s<br />
IEC Average wind speed Max. 11,0 m/s Max. 8,5 m/s Max. 7,5 m/s Max. 6,0 m/s<br />
50 yearly gust 70,0 m/s 59,5 m/s 52,5 m/s 42,0 m/s<br />
50 yearly wind 50,0 m/s 42,5 m/s 42,5 m/s 30,0 m/s<br />
13<br />
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Survival speed - mph<br />
Standard Criteria Class I Class II Class III Class IV<br />
GL Average wind speed Max. 22,4 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph<br />
Max. 5 Sec. gust 145,6 mph 123,7 mph 109,2 mph 87,5 mph<br />
e7 / PPA Workshop on Renewable Energies<br />
Max. 10 Min gust 104,0 mph 88,4 mph 78,1 mph 66,9 mph<br />
IEC Average wind speed Max. 24,6 mph Max. 19,0 mph Max. 16,8 mph Max. 13,4 mph<br />
50 yearly gust 156,6 mph 133,1 mph 117,4 mph 94,0 mph<br />
50 yearly wind 111,8 mph 95,1 mph 95,1 mph 67,1 mph<br />
14
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