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UNU/IAS Working Paper No. 95 A Comparative Study on Environmental Policy Development Processes in The Three East Asian Countries of Japan, Korea, and China Yohei HARASHIMA* Tsuneyuki MORITA** November 2001*** We are deeply grateful to Prof. Tarcisio Della Senta of UNU/IAS, Prof. Fu-chen Lo of UNU/IAS, Prof. Akio Morishima of Sophia University, and Prof. Kazu Kato of Nagoya University for their generous support. *Yohei HARASHIMA was a Ph.D. Fellow of UNU/IAS from October 1996 to May 1997. He is now working at the Organization to Establish the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan. **Tsuneyuki MORITA is Head of Global Warming Response Team, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, and also an Adjunct Professor of UNU/IAS. ***Based on paper originally submitted in 1997 with subsequent minor editorial revisions.
Abstract This study makes a comparative analysis of the environmental policy development processes in the three East Asian countries of Japan, Korea and China. Policy development histories and relative socio-political background are investigated and compared in relation to their economic growth using quantitative economic indicators. These comparisons show that environmental policies in these three countries, in the long run, have been converging, but with a certain timelag, and the environmental policy development processes in these three countries were closely related to each country’s economic growth. However, when compared to Japan, the tempo of environmental policy development in China and Korea has been faster than that of their economic growth. Major differences identified in these processes were caused by several factors, which are the role of local government, information disclosure, influence from international pressure, latecomer, function of market mechanism, and environmental issues in the policy agenda. In the final section, the applicability of these findings to other East Asian countries’ experiences is also examined. Keywords: East Asia, environmental policy, development process, economic growth, comparative study, 1
Page 4 and 5: 1.Introduction High rates of econom
Page 6 and 7: 1) Japan (1945-1954) Since the mid-
Page 8 and 9: areas. Pollution damages became so
Page 10 and 11: As a part of the policy reform sinc
Page 12 and 13: condition of the disease, however,
Page 14 and 15: has occurred in the late 1980s, cam
Page 16 and 17: confronted with the scarcity of fun
Page 18 and 19: een nearly 10%. At that time, moreo
Page 20 and 21: new environmental issues in the pol
Page 22 and 23: through a similar pattern. Thus env
Page 24 and 25: References Agency of Natural Resour
Page 26 and 27: Environmental Affairs 2(2): 103-108
Page 28 and 29: Table 1 Comparative Chronological T
Page 30 and 31: China Japan Korea China Japan Korea
Page 32 and 33: 1.National Experience (1) Events of
Page 34 and 35: 20 % 15 10 Japan Korea China 5 0 19
Page 36 and 37: 4,000 kg.oil equivalent 3,500 3,000
Page 38 and 39: 70 % 60 50 40 30 Agriculture Indust
Page 40: 70 % 60 50 40 30 Agriculture Indust

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