Ethnographic Overview And Assessment: Zion National Park, Utah ...

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CHAPTER SEVEN CULTURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 196 7.1 Soil, Water, Mineral, and Stone Resources ...................................................................... 196 7.1.1 Water ......................................................................................................................... 197 7.1.2 Minerals .................................................................................................................... 197 7.1.3 Stone ......................................................................................................................... 198 7.1.4 Salt ............................................................................................................................ 198 7.1.5 Pigment ..................................................................................................................... 198 7.1.6 Clay ........................................................................................................................... 198 7.2 Southern Paiute Identified Plants ...................................................................................... 199 7.2.1 Summary ................................................................................................................... 236 7.3 Southern Paiute Identified Animals .................................................................................. 237 7.3.1 Mammals................................................................................................................... 237 7.3.2 Reptiles ..................................................................................................................... 244 7.3.3 Birds .......................................................................................................................... 246 7.3.4 Amphibians ............................................................................................................... 257 7.3.5 Arachnids .................................................................................................................. 257 7.3.6 Insects ....................................................................................................................... 258 7.3.7 Fish ............................................................................................................................ 260 7.4 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 260 CHAPTER EIGHT MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 261 8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 261 8.1.1 Co-Management ........................................................................................................ 262 8.1.2 Specific Resource Management Issues ..................................................................... 262 8.2 Management of Zion National Park .................................................................................. 270 8.2.1 Ecosystem Management ........................................................................................... 270 8.2.2 Co-Management Opportunities ................................................................................. 270 8.2.3 Specific Resource Management Issues ......................................................................271 8.3 Management of Pipe Spring National Monument .............................................................276 8.3.1 Ecosystem Management ............................................................................................276 8.3.2 Co-Management .........................................................................................................276 8.3.3 Specific Resource Issues ............................................................................................276 8.4 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................280
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ Appendix A Survey Instruments Used ................................................................................... Appendix B Eighty-Nine Traditional Southern Paiute Use Plants ......................................... Appendix C Important Legal Information on Government-to-Government Consultation .....
Page 1 and 2: Ethnographic Overview And Assessmen
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .
Page 5: 5.1.2 Onsite Visits ...............
Page 9 and 10: Figure 5.15 Southern Paiute elders
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is the
Page 13 and 14: understandings between the federal
Page 15 and 16: The NPS chose to consult only with
Page 17 and 18: The ecosystem approach is a method
Page 19 and 20: cultural, and economic well-being o
Page 21 and 22: management. Agencies can also draw
Page 23 and 24: Holistic studies tend to require in
Page 25 and 26: Zion National Park Pipe Springs Nat
Page 27 and 28: (1) Ethnoarchaeology:-the interpret
Page 29 and 30: Creek and Johnson Wash. Additional
Page 31 and 32: During the creation times Paiutes l
Page 33 and 34: Time Period Early Reservation Europ
Page 35 and 36: 1880 (as well as the second movemen
Page 37 and 38: after almost a generation of doubt,
Page 39 and 40: loss of their native deserts. In on
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER TWO AN ETHNOGRAPHIC AND ETH
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.1: Puxant Tuvip There was
Page 45 and 46: 2.2 Aboriginal Political Units The
Page 47 and 48: maneuvered themselves and families
Page 49 and 50: The word "u-an-o" means farmers. Th
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.2: Kelly’s map of Southe
Page 53 and 54: Figure 2.3: Yanawant irrigation. Fu
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.4: Hurricane Cliffs When F
Page 57 and 58:
The people of the Kaibab district l
Page 59 and 60:
A more basic question is where was
Page 61 and 62:
traditional lands because they have
Page 63 and 64:
The chapter is divided into five se
Page 65 and 66:
headed by John Wesley Powell and G.
Page 67 and 68:
At the time of termination, the Shi
Page 69 and 70:
available at the time. The Commissi
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 3.2The Fort and Pond at Pipe
Page 73 and 74:
skills, folklife, and folkways..."
Page 75 and 76:
American Indian religious practices
Page 77 and 78:
of the park's resource management p
Page 79 and 80:
3.4 Summary The relationship betwee
Page 81 and 82:
Evidence of Paiute presence within
Page 83 and 84:
Materialistically, the Southern Pai
Page 85 and 86:
Southern Paiute people believe that
Page 87 and 88:
4.1.5 Park Interpretation It is rec
Page 89 and 90:
Kanab Creek and Virgin River Integr
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 4.2 Webster Flats and Zaion
Page 93 and 94:
to be neighborly, but the Indians w
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 4.3 Seeps, such as this one
Page 97 and 98:
and drink the water. This was a rel
Page 99 and 100:
Salt Cave. A 78 year old woman from
Page 101 and 102:
Kanab Creek is an ecoscape for Sout
Page 103 and 104:
4.4 Conclusion Southern Paiute peop
Page 105 and 106:
Kanab Creek Ecoscape: Main Stream T
Page 107 and 108:
these places and resources in consu
Page 109 and 110:
visiting medicinal springs, and gat
Page 111 and 112:
1989-1996 A cultural resources prog
Page 113 and 114:
The Ua'ayukunants lived upstream fr
Page 115 and 116:
elsewhere as early as 1851. They ra
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 5.3 Modern agriculture and h
Page 119 and 120:
the fall of 1862 caused the expansi
Page 121 and 122:
However, mountain mines had already
Page 123 and 124:
The process by which the Shivwits R
Page 125 and 126:
A road was built up into the canyon
Page 127 and 128:
farmers in Zion country was a man c
Page 129 and 130:
The town of Shunesburg was deserted
Page 131 and 132:
conducting comprehensive ethnograph
Page 133 and 134:
with the assistance of Mr. Jack Bur
Page 135 and 136:
height above the river, kinds of ma
Page 137 and 138:
would move on and gather something
Page 139 and 140:
drainages and unstable, actively er
Page 141 and 142:
Encelia frutescens Bush encelia Pro
Page 143 and 144:
standing boulder, flakes, ceramic s
Page 145 and 146:
idge in the center of Sec. 16, T41N
Page 147 and 148:
Features Water. The Coalpits Wash d
Page 149 and 150:
escarpment. The site is on the nort
Page 151 and 152:
Animals. This upland valley would h
Page 153 and 154:
interpreted to be trail guides used
Page 155 and 156:
Archaeological Site Description The
Page 157 and 158:
other deciduous trees. Common reed
Page 159 and 160:
Perceived Impacts Other than touris
Page 161 and 162:
The hanging gardens are notable for
Page 163 and 164:
Archaeological Site Description The
Page 165 and 166:
The focal point of the site is rock
Page 167 and 168:
elder pointed out that in the past,
Page 169 and 170:
Fraxinus anomala Singleleaf ash Sen
Page 171 and 172:
Recommendations Paiute people with
Page 173 and 174:
to the springs. Recent floods have
Page 175 and 176:
hot springs in La Verkin, and he wo
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER SIX PIPE SPRING NATIONAL MO
Page 179 and 180:
Once the study site was defined, th
Page 181 and 182:
1858-1905 Early Reservation 1906-19
Page 183 and 184:
Navajos were forced to leave, and t
Page 185 and 186:
The loss of resources had a dramati
Page 187 and 188:
The Early Reservation Period Althou
Page 189 and 190:
significance of specific resources
Page 191 and 192:
Water Water is a central feature of
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 6.5 Results of historic chan
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 6.6 Upper Kanab Creek Featur
Page 197 and 198:
were carried out only around the po
Page 199 and 200:
Gutierrezia sarothrae Snakeweed Sph
Page 201 and 202:
1967:2). After Frank died, his log
Page 203 and 204:
Elders also mentioned a long histor
Page 205 and 206:
time to tell stories...about the cr
Page 207 and 208:
Artemisia filifolia Sand sagebrush
Page 209 and 210:
Features We used to walk these hill
Page 211 and 212:
CHAPTER SEVEN CULTURAL RESOURCE INV
Page 214 and 215:
7.2 Southern Paiute Identified Plan
Page 216 and 217:
Anemone tuberosa - Desert thimblewe
Page 218 and 219:
desirable thatching material as wel
Page 220 and 221:
Atriplex canescens - Four-wing salt
Page 222 and 223:
water jugs (Stoffle, Halmo, Evans,
Page 224 and 225:
In the past, tansy mustard has been
Page 226 and 227:
Ephedra viridis - Indian tea Southe
Page 228 and 229:
Eriogonum inflatum - Desert trumpet
Page 230 and 231:
Halmo, Evans, and Austin 1994:243).
Page 232 and 233:
Larrea tridentata - Creosote bush C
Page 234 and 235:
Marrubium vulgare - Common horehoun
Page 236 and 237:
Opuntia basilaris - Beavertail cact
Page 238 and 239:
Penstemon palmeri - Palmer beardton
Page 240 and 241:
Populus fremontii - Fremont cottonw
Page 242 and 243:
64, 72). More recent studies show t
Page 244 and 245:
and sheds, Sun Dance houses are mad
Page 246 and 247:
Smilacina stellata - Solomon-seal T
Page 248 and 249:
Swertia radiata - Deer-ears The roo
Page 250 and 251:
Wyethia sp. - Mules’ ear Plants i
Page 252 and 253:
inaccessible to them. The cultural
Page 254 and 255:
Erethizon dorsatum - Porcupine Fowl
Page 256 and 257:
Information about what is used, how
Page 258 and 259:
1978:25-29). Variations of this sto
Page 260 and 261:
Pituophus melanoleucus - Gopher Sna
Page 262 and 263:
Aphelocoma coerulescens - Scrub Jay
Page 264 and 265:
Charadrius vociferus - Killdeer No
Page 266 and 267:
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus - Pinyon
Page 268 and 269:
Larus sp. - Gull Gulls are mentione
Page 270 and 271:
Piranga ludoviciana - Western Tanag
Page 272 and 273:
Zonotrichia leucophrys - White-crow
Page 274 and 275:
Flea Matavi y umi, Matavi y um, or
Page 276 and 277:
CHAPTER EIGHT MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDA
Page 278 and 279:
may be unable to judge the full ram
Page 280 and 281:
On March 15, 1993, the Grand Canyon
Page 282 and 283:
She also expressed concern about in
Page 284 and 285:
include the individuals who are spe
Page 286 and 287:
[The park should] have people who k
Page 288 and 289:
e collected at its source and piped
Page 290 and 291:
Cultural Ecosystem as an example, m
Page 292 and 293:
Resource Monitoring and Mitigation
Page 294 and 295:
In addition, Southern Paiutes' conc
Page 296 and 297:
BIBLIOGRAPH Y Adams, Winona 1930 Hi
Page 298 and 299:
Desert Plants 4 (1-4). Bunte, Pamel
Page 300 and 301:
Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H
Page 302 and 303:
Evans, Michael J., Henry F. Dobyns,
Page 304 and 305:
Gregory, Herbert E. 1948 Journal of
Page 306 and 307:
Hufford, ed. Pp. 122-137. Urbana: U
Page 308 and 309:
Little, James 1881 Jacob Hamblin. S
Page 310 and 311:
1978 (1946)Why the North Star Stand
Page 312 and 313:
2(3):67-90. Spencer, Joseph E. 1940
Page 314 and 315:
1987 "Cultural Basis for Sport Angl
Page 316 and 317:
Economical Route for a Railroad fro
Page 318 and 319:
Wheeler, George M. 1875 Preliminary
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