Ethnographic Overview And Assessment: Zion National Park, Utah ...

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure i The Study Setting - Physiographic .......................................................................... 27
Figure ii The Study Setting - Administrative ........................................................................ 29
Figure iii Ecoregion Scales ................................................................................................... 30
Figure 1.1 Southern Paiute elder and Zion National Park employee .................................... 2
Figure 1.2 Southern Paiute elder gazes at rock art panel with UofA ethnographer .............. 4
Figure 1.3 Kaibab Reservation ............................................................................................. 10
Figure 1.4 Southern Paiute elders crossing a meadow toward Zion National Park .............. 15
Figure 1.5 Kaibab Paiute Reservation .................................................................................. 21
Figure 2.1 Puaxant Tevip ...................................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.2 Kelly’s map of Southern Paiute districts (revised; Kelly and Fowler 1986:369) 36
Figure 2.3 Yanawant ............................................................................................................. 38
Figure 2.4 Hurricane Cliffs ................................................................................................... 40
Figure 2.5 Areas where ceremonies and rituals are or were performed, such as this one in
Muuputs Canyon, are considered sacred locations ............................................................... 45
Figure 3.1 Zion National Park .............................................................................................. 55
Figure 3.2 The fort and pond at Pipe Spring ......................................................................... 56
Figure 3.3 Southern Paiute elders, park employees, botanists, and UofA ethnographers working
together ................................................................................................................................. 63
Figure 4.1 Southern Paiute elder at Pipe Spring National Monument .................................. 66
Figure 4.2 Webster Flats and Zion Canyon (background), just to the left of Cedar Mountain
............................................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 4.3 Seeps, such as this one in Zion Canyon, are habitats that are dependent on water and
contain a unique combination of plants ................................................................................ 80
Figure 4.4 Southern Paiute elder points to grinding stone .................................................... 89
Figure 5.1 The project botanist ............................................................................................. 92
Figure 5.2 Zion National Park .............................................................................................. 94
Figure 5.3 Modern agriculture and homes along Ash Creek and the Hurricane Cliffs where
Southern Paiutes traditionally farmed ................................................................................... 102
Figure 5.4 Parunuweap Canyon ............................................................................................ 113
Figure 5.5 Shunesburg .......................................................................................................... 113
Figure 5.6 Upper Virgin River .............................................................................................. 119
Figure 5.7 “Three Indian Sisters” (Eagle Crags) .................................................................. 129
Figure 5.8 Crater Hill ............................................................................................................ 133
Figure 5.9 Southern Paiute elder standing in the entrance to the cave ................................. 134
Figure 5.10 Cave Valley style pictographs ........................................................................... 136
Figure 5.11 Southern Paiute elders at Weeping Rock .......................................................... 143
Figure 5.12 Lower Emerald Pool .......................................................................................... 145
Figure 5.13 Southern Paiute elder gazing at petroglyphs, Site #8 ........................................ 154
Figure 5.14 Impacts of public and private development at Pah Tempe Hot Springs ........... 156