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German fricatives: coda devoicing or positional faithfulness?

German fricatives: coda devoicing or positional faithfulness?

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number of tokens per interval<br />

<strong>German</strong> <strong>fricatives</strong>: <strong>coda</strong> <strong>devoicing</strong> <strong>or</strong> <strong>positional</strong> <strong>faithfulness</strong>? 245<br />

(a)<br />

200<br />

160<br />

120<br />

80<br />

40<br />

predicted voiced predicted voiceless<br />

0<br />

0–5<br />

5–10<br />

10–15<br />

15–20<br />

20–25<br />

25–30<br />

30–35<br />

35–40<br />

40–45<br />

45–50<br />

50–55<br />

55–60<br />

60–65<br />

65–70<br />

70–75<br />

75–80<br />

80–85<br />

85–90<br />

90–95<br />

95–100<br />

number of tokens per interval<br />

(b)<br />

250<br />

200<br />

150<br />

100<br />

50<br />

0<br />

0–10<br />

10–20<br />

20–30<br />

voicing percentage interval<br />

30–40<br />

predicted voiced<br />

40–50<br />

50–60<br />

60–70<br />

70–80<br />

voicing duration interval (ms)<br />

predicted voiceless<br />

Figure 2<br />

(a) Voicing percentage of <strong>fricatives</strong> in tokens in which the following son<strong>or</strong>ant<br />

/l/ <strong>or</strong> /H/ was classified as non-syllabic, pooled across w<strong>or</strong>ds, repetitions and<br />

speakers. (b) Voicing duration in tokens classified as non-syllabic, pooled<br />

across w<strong>or</strong>ds, repetitions and speakers. Predicted voiceless <strong>fricatives</strong><br />

have either no voicing at all (as part of the 0 to 10 ms interval) <strong>or</strong> have<br />

a tail of voicing into the fricative that is only rarely longer than 20 ms.<br />

Although tokens with voicing duration values from 0 to 20 ms also occur<br />

among predicted voiced <strong>fricatives</strong>, many tokens of predicted voiced<br />

<strong>fricatives</strong> have voicing durations that are much longer.<br />

80–90<br />

90–100<br />

100–110<br />

110–120<br />

from 0 to 25%, although it should be noted that voicing percentage among<br />

predicted voiced <strong>fricatives</strong> is rarely lower than 5%. Furtherm<strong>or</strong>e, predicted<br />

voiced <strong>fricatives</strong> also have many tokens with voicing percentages

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