BETWEEN BEDROOMS AND BALLOTS: THE POLITICS OF HIV'S ...

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APPENDIX A ASSOCIATION OVERVIEW .............................................................................................328 Overview of Central Groups.................................................................................................328 Urban .............................................................................................................................330 Maputo: HIV associations......................................................................................330 Maputo: human rights associations........................................................................334 Beira ..............................................................................................................................335 Background ............................................................................................................335 HIV Associations ...................................................................................................337 Human rights associations......................................................................................339 Rural ..............................................................................................................................340 Boane......................................................................................................................340 Caia.........................................................................................................................341 Gorongosa ..............................................................................................................342 B SELECT SUMMARY OF SURVEY FINDINGS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF VARIABLES........................................................................................................................343 C LAWS AND DEVELOPMENT PLANS .............................................................................355 D E SURVEY INSTRUMENT....................................................................................................357 LIST OF PORTUGUESE/SENA/SHANGAAN WORDS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS..371 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................374 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................396 12
LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Health infrastructure in Mozambique ................................................................................72 2-2 ARV distribution sites and patients, July 2008..................................................................73 4-1 Socioeconomic data of all survey respondents ................................................................125 4-2 Association comparison...................................................................................................126 4-3 Hospital comparison ........................................................................................................129 5-1 Significance in household/salary .....................................................................................179 5-2 Second partner .................................................................................................................179 5-3 Decisions about children..................................................................................................180 5-4 The woman has more significance in the house (working, taking care of children, etc) or contributing to household salary...........................................................................180 5-5 It would bother you if the woman makes more money than the man..............................180 5-6 You or your partner makes more choices about where the finances go ..........................180 5-7 Your partner says (s)he wants a second partner and you object, but (s)he does it anyway .............................................................................................................................181 5-8 Decides how many children the woman has....................................................................181 5-9 Type of mobilizer and attitudes .......................................................................................182 6-2 Reasons for mobilizing against HIV................................................................................221 6-3 Financial incentive and reason for mobilization..............................................................222 6-4 Scale of ‘individual incentives’ (receive payment/possible career, food or money from my time with association) .......................................................................................223 6-5 Type of HIV mobilizer and salary/volunteer...................................................................223 6-6 Scale of ‘individual incentives’ (possibility of receiving payment or to further my career,’ ‘receive payment’ and ‘receive food’)................................................................223 6-7 Scale of ‘community incentives’ of ‘I am the king of person who does my part’ and ‘didn’t want to say no to someone who asked’................................................................224 13
Page 1 and 2: BETWEEN BEDROOMS AND BALLOTS: THE P
Page 3 and 4: For my mother Mary Jo, the dancer;
Page 5 and 6: To the Mozambican crew: Julio Antó
Page 7 and 8: all out every Wednesday and remembe
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .
Page 11: Reasons for Inactivity.............
Page 15 and 16: 7-4 Perceptions of danger in vocali
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABC Ahitipalu
Page 19 and 20: NAC NACP NIE OHCHR OTM OMM PEPFAR P
Page 21 and 22: Abstract of Dissertation Presented
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction
Page 25 and 26: poverty as a driving force behind c
Page 27 and 28: difficulties, yet possibilities, in
Page 29 and 30: institutions; participation, or lac
Page 31 and 32: many African countries, the percent
Page 33 and 34: civic-ness) to human rights mobiliz
Page 35 and 36: end of the war many still have diff
Page 37 and 38: chapters contributes in various cap
Page 39 and 40: with HIV. This occurrence would hav
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 2 THE REALITIES OF HIV/AIDS
Page 43 and 44: years, individuals have cited a fea
Page 45 and 46: Certain regions in Mozambique are w
Page 47 and 48: cooperatives, for schools/supplies,
Page 49 and 50: migrated to South African mines. In
Page 51 and 52: Education, created violence awarene
Page 53 and 54: Guebuza’s business interests (par
Page 55 and 56: The highest infection rates are fou
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2-4. Transportation routes i
Page 59 and 60: Since 1994, over 400 health centers
Page 61 and 62: By the end of 2002, 1000 HIV+ pregn
Page 63 and 64:
public sector. Overall, however, a
Page 65 and 66:
Sanitation, Food and Water Three-qu
Page 67 and 68:
On paper, the new standards for hum
Page 69 and 70:
and malaria, and in 2005 constitute
Page 71 and 72:
on existing services within the cou
Page 73 and 74:
Table 2-2. ARV distribution sites a
Page 75 and 76:
transforming subjects into citizens
Page 77 and 78:
and shame-inducing or, more broadly
Page 79 and 80:
difference between ‘rights in peo
Page 81 and 82:
of several ways to bring in adheren
Page 83 and 84:
emerged when individuals had varyin
Page 85 and 86:
divine right, then the exclusion of
Page 87 and 88:
ecause the realms often overlap, mu
Page 89 and 90:
…the ‘services’ one sought co
Page 91 and 92:
Contemporary State-Society Relation
Page 93 and 94:
associational life); (Harbeson, Rot
Page 95 and 96:
and organizations (particularly in
Page 97 and 98:
(Templeman 1999) Herbst (1990) also
Page 99 and 100:
voice in the means of state engagem
Page 101 and 102:
in two ways: by lobbying the state
Page 103 and 104:
feminist theorists that it must not
Page 105 and 106:
associations that have mobilized fo
Page 107 and 108:
domain. Specific research questions
Page 109 and 110:
Guiding this inquiry is the indepen
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in Maputo and Boane (in the south o
Page 113 and 114:
that not all HIV mobilizers are HIV
Page 115 and 116:
Research Sites, Subjects and Assist
Page 117 and 118:
The population in the District of C
Page 119 and 120:
marked with an asterisk* in the fol
Page 121 and 122:
For surveys, I trained five researc
Page 123 and 124:
Finally, it needs to be highlighted
Page 125 and 126:
other half, either we didn’t have
Page 127 and 128:
Table 4-2. Continued Name of associ
Page 129 and 130:
Table 4-3. Hospital comparison Hosp
Page 131:
Some of the groundbreaking institut
Page 134 and 135:
While in Europe daughters received
Page 136 and 137:
and patriarchy now continues an une
Page 138 and 139:
significant obstacle to this was th
Page 140 and 141:
can function only with the cooperat
Page 142 and 143:
through individual, personal exchan
Page 144 and 145:
elations; (Bratton 1989) women who
Page 146 and 147:
depending on the dominant language
Page 148 and 149:
While some define traditional autho
Page 150 and 151:
efficiency and to regulate action.
Page 152 and 153:
Due to the disengagement from the s
Page 154 and 155:
individuals will be more comfortabl
Page 156 and 157:
were volunteers, but now they recei
Page 158 and 159:
egarding formalized women’s right
Page 160 and 161:
to signify a lack of interest on th
Page 162 and 163:
high, mainly because of food insecu
Page 164 and 165:
icycle taxis pull up to the first r
Page 166 and 167:
is his responsibility to resolve a
Page 168 and 169:
have sex with animals, like monkeys
Page 170 and 171:
come in from the land, he allows ph
Page 172 and 173:
higher percentage of women HIV mobi
Page 174 and 175:
without an in-depth knowledge of wh
Page 176 and 177:
anging from a lack of discussion to
Page 178 and 179:
the sporadic use of regulados, the
Page 180 and 181:
Table 5-3. Decisions about children
Page 182 and 183:
Table 5-9. Type of mobilizer and at
Page 184 and 185:
world when the civil war ended in 1
Page 186 and 187:
low life expectancy, they will exis
Page 188 and 189:
As we saw within some of the litera
Page 190 and 191:
the context of a relationship, wher
Page 192 and 193:
fear of community stigma over the d
Page 194 and 195:
The low pay of government positions
Page 196 and 197:
Often the régulos will organize cu
Page 198 and 199:
More importantly, however, an empha
Page 200 and 201:
each of the regions claimed to mobi
Page 202 and 203:
Reasons for Inactivity Non-mobilize
Page 204 and 205:
afraid to attend the hospital to re
Page 206 and 207:
As briefly mentioned in the last ch
Page 208 and 209:
still varying but lower (71%). 40 T
Page 210 and 211:
the only significance is that human
Page 212 and 213:
is difficult to establish, yet prev
Page 214 and 215:
Location is important here as most
Page 216 and 217:
than individual economic or job rel
Page 218 and 219:
Most view it as public (public topi
Page 220 and 221:
in the economy of affection to sust
Page 222 and 223:
Table 6-3. Financial incentive and
Page 224 and 225:
Table 6-7 Scale of ‘community inc
Page 226 and 227:
Table 6-11. Scale of Trust of commu
Page 228 and 229:
Table 6-18. Preference in discussio
Page 230 and 231:
Table 6-21. Scale of activities in
Page 232 and 233:
Table 6-27. HIV and human rights mo
Page 234 and 235:
understand the “publicity of repr
Page 236 and 237:
appeals to a sense of community, an
Page 238 and 239:
such was the intention of the actor
Page 240 and 241:
Additionally, advocacy also involve
Page 242 and 243:
its own coordinator but there is li
Page 244 and 245:
song praising Rensida: “We are ha
Page 246 and 247:
Father: Quiet my daughter because w
Page 248 and 249:
various areas of the offices; some
Page 250 and 251:
audience members take turns dancing
Page 252 and 253:
protests or marches, but in reality
Page 254 and 255:
Corruption in the Health Sector A F
Page 256 and 257:
Although AIDS drugs are free within
Page 258 and 259:
activists are less advocacy-oriente
Page 260 and 261:
December 2006) The roles of these o
Page 262 and 263:
as human rights mobilizers) perceiv
Page 264 and 265:
individuals simply see the AIDS dom
Page 266 and 267:
Macuta, 4 April, president of Kulup
Page 268 and 269:
in turn doesn’t say anything abou
Page 270 and 271:
ack. This man says he has one proje
Page 272 and 273:
others to support a candidate or po
Page 274 and 275:
government provision of health infr
Page 276 and 277:
mobilizers are more likely to have
Page 278 and 279:
education through information disse
Page 280 and 281:
count hits 250, which is somewhat s
Page 282 and 283:
Thus, we can reject the null hypoth
Page 284 and 285:
information transmission within Afr
Page 286 and 287:
Table 7-3. Perceptions of corruptio
Page 288 and 289:
Table 7-9. Scale of interest and di
Page 290 and 291:
Table 7-15. Scale of interest and d
Page 292 and 293:
Table 7-21. Influence II How much i
Page 294 and 295:
Table 7-24. Continued Before joinin
Page 296 and 297:
CHAPTER 8 MOVING FROM SUBJECTS TO C
Page 298 and 299:
partner’s status) and thus create
Page 300 and 301:
HIV/AIDS programs because of this i
Page 302 and 303:
or accessible employment), then lit
Page 304 and 305:
times a year), also include more im
Page 306 and 307:
are trying to overcome their oppres
Page 308 and 309:
Patriarchy Poverty Particular types
Page 310 and 311:
We might frame this as a way to beg
Page 312 and 313:
choose or are forced to spin off in
Page 314 and 315:
subsidies, hence the line is render
Page 316 and 317:
most resist such change, particular
Page 318 and 319:
Interdependence and regulation HIV
Page 320 and 321:
domestic relationships; and allowed
Page 322 and 323:
Of course, although such outside re
Page 324 and 325:
include keeping quiet about the dys
Page 326 and 327:
etween the private and public arena
Page 328 and 329:
APPENDIX A ASSOCIATION OVERVIEW Ove
Page 330 and 331:
Working mainly in Maputo (but tryin
Page 332 and 333:
Ahitipaluxeni: (Shangana for ‘vam
Page 334 and 335:
Maputo: human rights associations M
Page 336 and 337:
ased programs only go to HIV based
Page 338 and 339:
office. It receives no funding from
Page 340 and 341:
When a domestic problem becomes a s
Page 342 and 343:
egions of the country. It has organ
Page 344 and 345:
• feel they have little influence
Page 346 and 347:
(Education in association) No signi
Page 348 and 349:
H3: HIV mobilizers partake in more
Page 350 and 351:
Expectations of donors Expectations
Page 352 and 353:
After association volunteer with go
Page 354 and 355:
H8: HIV mobilizers are less likely
Page 356 and 357:
2005 New Constitution PLWHA qualify
Page 358 and 359:
We would like to ask you about how
Page 360 and 361:
Do you or your partner make most of
Page 362 and 363:
Who is responsible for providing: S
Page 364 and 365:
A For those in organization I found
Page 366 and 367:
Do you feel that vocalizing opposit
Page 368 and 369:
How strongly do you identify with o
Page 370 and 371:
(For non mobilizers) Questions pert
Page 373 and 374:
Pitakufa Pito Quadrado Regulado Ré
Page 375 and 376:
Barcellos, Némora Tregnago. 2005.M
Page 377 and 378:
Chabal, Patrick and Jean-Pascal Dal
Page 379 and 380:
Education Action 18. N.D. “Positi
Page 381 and 382:
Freedom House. 2008. Freedom in the
Page 383 and 384:
Helmke, Gretchen and Steven Levitsk
Page 385 and 386:
James, Wendy 1978. “Matrifocus on
Page 387 and 388:
Mosse, Marcelo. 2004. Corrupção e
Page 389 and 390:
Patterson, Amy. 2005. The African S
Page 391 and 392:
Simon, Herbert A. 1982. Models of B
Page 393 and 394:
UNAIDS. 2008b. “Epidemiological F
Page 395 and 396:
WHO (with UNAIDS and UNICEF). 2008.
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