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ABSTRACT PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Latif, Dilek Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. İhsan D. Dağı August 2005, 379 pages. This dissertation analyzes peace building process after humanitarian intervention. It conceptualizes peace building through questioning the feasibility of peace building following a humanitarian intervention. Addressing the deficiency of contemporary peace building approach, this thesis indicates the shortcomings of the various instruments of peace building in contributing peace and reconciliation on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Besides, it shows the drawbacks of the current practice that peace building is a learning process, which employs the lessons learnt to advance the efficiency of peace building process. There is a lack of comprehensive approach to peace building, based on case studies, evaluating the shortcomings and merits of all the instruments of peace building that provides a general strategy. Despite abundancy of policy oriented research to contribute policy making, academic work to analyze such a complicated phenomena has been frail. Within this context, contribution of the dissertation is to demonstrate the entire picture and question viability of the peace building process in war-torn societies. Therefore, it is enriching the study on the peace building operations. iv
Failure of institutionalization of peace in BiH after almost a decade of rigorous peace building efforts of the international community shows the fault of the mainstream understanding of peace building. The dissertation also unveils that engagement in Kosovo is the product of a similar strategy, which in practice either repeated the same fruitless methods or tried to build on the experience obtained in Bosnia but failed to heal up the troubles and challenges faced in Kosovo. Overall, the study points out the inevitability of a novel approach and an alternative peace building strategy beyond the policy-related focus. Keywords: Peace building, humanitarian intervention, instruments of peace building: governance and security sector reform, post-conflict elections, promotion of human rights, return of refugees, civil society development, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dayton Peace Agreement, Kosovo and UN Security Council Resolution 1244. v
Page 1 and 2: PEACE BUILDING AFTER HUMANITARIAN I
Page 3: PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that al
Page 7 and 8: aşarısızlığını ortaya çıka
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express sincere
Page 11 and 12: 2.5.2 Lack of Commitment...........
Page 13 and 14: 7 LESSONS LEARNT AND NOT LEARNT FRO
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Peace buildi
Page 17 and 18: shortcomings of the various instrum
Page 19 and 20: consensus on the probability that r
Page 21 and 22: Some work undertakes merely the ret
Page 23 and 24: and International Crises Group, whi
Page 25 and 26: continues to the implementation of
Page 27 and 28: concept and make its place in inter
Page 29 and 30: Since there is no specific referenc
Page 31 and 32: include measures to avoid its repet
Page 33 and 34: which is a “vague operational tar
Page 35 and 36: time.” 27 Subsequently, the usual
Page 37 and 38: In general, main objective of peace
Page 39 and 40: 2. 4.1 Governance Reform Internal c
Page 41 and 42: the former combatants are very impo
Page 43 and 44: nature of the interim institutions
Page 45 and 46: een used as an indicator of re-esta
Page 47 and 48: established by a number of peace ac
Page 49 and 50: 2.5.2 Lack of Commitment The concep
Page 51 and 52: paralyzing the rebuilding efforts o
Page 53 and 54: subject to structural reforms as in
Page 55 and 56:
the entire basket of postwar needs,
Page 57 and 58:
CHAPTER 3 INTERVENTION FOR PEACE: T
Page 59 and 60:
When the European Community (EC) re
Page 61 and 62:
cleansing defined manifestly as the
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need to distinguish who is the aggr
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forces.” 33 One month later, five
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policing. The central government of
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In sum, the main changes from the f
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and the necessity for the long-term
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their full compliance, to coordinat
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in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the o
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incorporate Annex 2 and 3 which are
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enforce order, arrest war criminals
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Accords gave the Office of the High
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epresentatives, economic sanctions
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needed by the State budget. The Par
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Presidency can claim a decision to
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and the wide-ranging autonomy of th
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4.1.1.1 Constitutional Reforms The
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considered as minority while in the
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to find the complete and amended te
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Society Program many local NGOs wer
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Bosnia and Herzegovina needs is not
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effective and legitimate forms of g
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peace. 86 This lead to the establis
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environment” and the presence of
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eason that NATO works merely with s
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to do with the real security situat
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New York, IPTF officers complained
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European and international practice
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In sum, IPTF was mandated by UN Sec
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Contrary to most other states, the
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Judicial Commission (IJC) in March
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CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION OF DAYTON
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Rulings of the PEC superseded pre-e
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societies, the integrative capacity
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Since the establishment of Bosnian
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those who had lower stance during t
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The party generally works together
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and constitutional dilemmas after r
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long process of reconciliation and
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the SDS and her closest opponent wa
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Source: Organization for Security a
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person.” 81 It is clear that most
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Number of voters who cast ballots 2
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to change the political scene.” 1
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the expense of larger parties altho
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parties.” 123 However, the succes
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each other. 128 “If Bosnia is to
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Declaration of the Peace Implementa
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The new Election Law 143 of BiH end
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However, the OSCE election experts
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electoral process which, while in l
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gave advantage to the ethnic partie
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government’s failure enabled the
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Stability Initiative Report, 22 Mar
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een eradicated in BiH national part
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take part in the election campaigns
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contributed to keep nationalist pol
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Civil society building becomes a pr
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question the role international com
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international personnel can do a li
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of the foreign donors. Although fro
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From a more technical point of view
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to be the “second after the Nazi
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mechanism to address human rights v
Page 188 and 189:
functioned similar to the European
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standing of the parties, which was
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(MHRR) to this end. The MHRR as a c
Page 194 and 195:
whose office in Bosnia is responsib
Page 196 and 197:
contributions for pension and healt
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Additionally, as part of the larges
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uilding. 73 Therefore, the majority
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justice in peace building process,
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of cooperation with international c
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wait for the trail. This policy pro
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information gathered by the Bosnian
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War Crimes Chamber decided to be st
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improved the level of Dayton implem
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will definitely influence the succe
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For this end, the OSCE started to c
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Croat history books. Nevertheless,
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Herzegovina. 168 In this respect, A
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Moreover, the organization works to
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seeking to return to their pre-war
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operation in management and the imp
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first years of Dayton implementatio
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and political control as well as fo
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“682,365 persons, of 74% of the t
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Table 9: Returns Summary to BiH fro
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There has been a hostile environmen
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country was mine infected, or that
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ensure successful refugee return, r
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utilities and health care and repre
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The progress especially in the Repu
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activities towards the full impleme
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persons, refugees and returnees. Ne
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Returnees should be assured the sam
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the various international instituti
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contaminated by institutional pride
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CHAPTER 7 LESSONS LEARNT AND NOT LE
Page 258 and 259:
1990 that operated with no trouble.
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7.2 Rambouillet Accords and the Imp
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the KLA and the Yugoslav government
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Reconstruction UNMIK Administration
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General sought to establish a clear
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more limited especially in the begi
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plan in December 2003 conditioning
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Serb military and police forces.’
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directly to support the UN mission.
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7.4.2.3 Judicial Reform One of the
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“security environment on the grou
Page 280 and 281:
of Bosnia moderate forces have been
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once the issue of human rights in a
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ethnic violence and crimes committe
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on Education and Youth and UNMIK De
Page 288 and 289:
The UNSCR 1244 gave the responsibil
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international body for the resoluti
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authorities needs to be re-examined
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field. 196 The wider implications o
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community and the UN ever.” 206 Y
Page 298 and 299:
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION Peace building
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At this point, the peace building p
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institutions as well as implement t
Page 304 and 305:
Nevertheless, the local police coul
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instruments provide standards for t
Page 308 and 309:
dissertation found out that returne
Page 310 and 311:
Moreover, the same instruments of p
Page 312 and 313:
Bergling, Per, ‘Judicial Reform u
Page 314 and 315:
Demichelis, Julia, ‘NGOs and Peac
Page 316 and 317:
Democracy and Human Rights in Multi
Page 318 and 319:
International Crisis Group, ‘Koso
Page 320 and 321:
OHR, ‘Decision on the Establishme
Page 322 and 323:
Putnam, Tonya L., ‘Human Rights a
Page 324 and 325:
UN, ‘S.C. Res. 781’, U.N. SCOR,
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APPENDICIES APPENDIX A DAYTON PEACE
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This Agreement shall enter into for
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Parties shall respond to alleged vi
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d. The Parties immediately after th
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Fire Zone of Separation which are f
Page 336 and 337:
. The IFOR Commander shall have sol
Page 338 and 339:
to the Joint Military Commission an
Page 340 and 341:
7. NATO military personnel under al
Page 342 and 343:
Article II: Confidence- and Securit
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pursuant to Annex 1-A to the Genera
Page 346 and 347:
2. Elections. The Parties request t
Page 348 and 349:
Annex 4: Constitution - Constitutio
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commitments or statements relating
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3. Procedures. a. Each chamber shal
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g. Reporting as requested, but not
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1. The Parliamentary Assembly shall
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For the Republika Srpska Annex 5: A
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2. The Ombudsman shall be appointed
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2. If the Chamber succeeds in effec
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13. 1989 Convention on the Rights o
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The Parties hereby establish an ind
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The Commission shall promulgate suc
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Bearing in mind that reconstruction
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f. Report periodically on progress
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6. The Parties shall accord the IPT
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APPENDIX B MAP OF BOSNIA AND HERZEG
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Determined to ensure the safety and
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17. Welcomes the work in hand in th
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Notes 1. Other required elements: o
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Bu temelde çalışmanın esas soru
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toplumun Bosna ve Hersek’teki bar
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arış inşasıyla ilgilenmeyen mil
Page 390 and 391:
sonrası barış inşa çabaların
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2003 Courses taught: International
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