download here - PLATIT

Coating Guide 2012 

th 

17 Edition

Turnkey Solutions 

p80+ 

DLC 

OXI 

PL70 

DLC 

OXI 

Stripping 

Handling 

Coating 

Pre- and Post- 

Treatment 

PL1001 

Cleaning 

Quality Control 

and 

with 

C 

® 

GD

PLATIT PL70 

Upgradeable to 80+ 

General Information 

• 1-linear-cathode compact hardcoating unit 

• Based on PLATIT planar-cathodic ARC-technology 

• The easy-to-start coating unit 

• Fully upgradeable to p80+ 

Hard Coatings 

• Monoblock and gradient coatings 

• Main standard coatings: TiN, TiCN-grey 

• See all 6 standard coatings on page 30-31 

4 

Hardware 

• Usable plasma volume: Ø300 x H400 mm 

• Max. substrate load: 50 kg 

PLATIT 


and 

80 80+ 

• Compact hardcoating unit 

® 

• Based on PLATIT LARC technology (LAteral Rotating Cathodes) 

Hard Coatings 

• Main standard coatings: TiN, AlTiN-G, nACo 


• Available : AlCrN 3 ® 

Triple Coatings 3 ® 

Hardware 



80+pAdditional Hardware 

® 

® 

5 

• Pulsed BIAS supply (350 kHz) 

• Dust filter for heaters 

®




® 

• Based on PLATIT LARC technology (LAteral Rotating Cathodes) 

Hard Coatings 

® 



• Available Triple 3 : 

3® 3® 3® 3® 

TiXCo , nACo , AlCrN , AlTiCrN 

Coatings ® ® 

Hardware 



® 

6 

® 

GD 




® ® 

• Based on PLATIT LARC and CERC technologies 

• Fully compatible to p300 

Hard Coatings 

® 



• All Triple Coatings 3 ® available: 

3® 3® 3® 3® 

nACo , nACRo , TiXCo ,nACoX , 

3® 3® 3® 

AlCrN , AlTiCrN , AlTiCrN + 

® 

7 

Hardware 



® 

GD 

®

8 

PLATIT PL1001 COMPACT 


• High capacity hardcoating unit 

• Based on PLATIT planar cathodic ARC technology 

• Coatings on HSS and WC (T £500°C) 

Hard Coatings 

• Main standard coatings: TiN, TiCN-grey, AlTiN-G 


• Available Triple Coatings 3 ® 

: AlTiCrN 3® 

Hardware 

• Usable plasma volume: 

PL1001: ø700-H700 mm 

PL1001-DUO: ø575-H700 mm (dedicated machine) 


Dedicated Coating Units 

PL2001 for saw blades 

PL1001 with 4 cathodes 

PL1001-DUO with 2 cathodes 

p603 for saw bands 

PL1400 for broaches 

9

Microstructures 

10 

Monoblock (MB) 

The monoblock structure without adhesion 

layer can be produced by the fastest, most 

economical process. All targets are the same and 

run during the whole deposition process. 

Especially at high aluminum content the monoblock 

coating should be started with adhesion layer 

(e.g. TiN or CrN). 

Multilayer (ML) 

Coating thickness: 

Layer 1: 0.89 µm 








CT=1.84µm CT=1.92µm CT=2.52µm 

The multilayer structure has higher toughness at 

lower hardness than a comparable monoblock 

coating. The "sandwich" structure absorbs the 

cracks by the sublayers. Therefore the multilayer is 

usually preferred for high dynamical load, e.g. for 

roughing. 

Gradient (G) 

CT=2.5µm 

The gradient structure also starts with adhesion 

layer, with components like TiN and CrN, generating 

a tough core for the coating. The ratio of hard 

components (e.g. cubic AlN) will be continuously 

increased obtaining the highest hardness on the top 

of the coating. 

Nanostructures 

Nanolayer (NL) 

Nanocomposite (NC) 

TripleCoatings 3® 

Nanocomposite 

top layer 

Monoblock 

or gradient 

core layer 

11 

Nanolayer is the conventional structure for the so 

called Nanocoatings. It is a finer version of 

multilayers with a period of < 20 nm. Its hardness 

depends on the period. The period depends on the 

rotation speed of the substrates. Therefore the 

coating hardness can be different on substrates with 

different sizes deposited in a mixed batch. 

5 nm 

By depositing different kinds of materials, the 

components (like Ti, Cr, Al, and Si) are not mixed, 

and 2 phases are created. The nanocrystalline TiAlNor 

AlCrN-grains become embedded in an amorphous 

Si3N4-Matrix. This nanocomposite structure 

significantly improves physical characteristics, they 

are not depending on the batch load. 

CT=2.72µm 

Adhesion layer 

TripleCoatings are deposited with 3 sections freely 

programmed in one batch: 

• The adhesion layer is generated with TiN or CrN. 

• The core is deposited with the nowadays most 

used AlTiN. 

• The nanocomposite (e.g. AlTiN/SiN) 

generates the wear resistant skin with 

extrem high warm hardness.

Conventional Coatings 

TiN 

TiCN-MP 

TiCN-grey 

12 

The general-purpose coating for: 

• cutting 

• forming 

• injection molding 

• tribological applications (for machine 

components) 

• available process with 1, 2 or 4 cathodes 

PLATIT MultiPurpose gradient coating for: 

• interrupted cutting 

• milling and tapping 

• forming, stamping and punching 

• higher edge stability than at TiCN-grey 

Conventional carbonitride coating (grey): 

• for milling and tapping 

• for stamping, punching and forming 


Ti N 2 

SuperTiN 

S 

CBC 

Hard lubricant 

2 

DLC 

cVIc ® | cVIc 

2® 

Titanium-rich PLATIT coating for: 

• medical tools and implants 

Special multilayer TiN-coating with carbon to 

increase performance: 

• at sawing 

• at tapping 

• at hobbing 

• injection molding 

PLATIT double coating with nanogradient 

structure: 

• for cutting sticky materials to avoid 

built up edges 

• for forming application with optimum 

release 

• for tapping 

13


CrN 

CrTiN 

ZrN 

14 

The standard coating for non-cutting 

applications: 

• for molds and dies 

• for machine parts 

• for optimal release of molds and dies 

• low deposition temperature possible 

(above 220 °C) 

PLATIT multilayer coating for universal use: 

• improved economy by using Ti 

• outstanding chemical resistance and 

toughness due to fine multilayer structure 

• for molds, dies and machine parts 

• for HSS cutting tools in high alloyed materials 

• lower deposition temperature possible 

Ti- and Cr-free monolayer coating 

• Effectively reduces the built up edges when 

machining aluminum and titanium alloys 

• High heat resistance 

• Fancy color 


CBC 


CROMVIc 

2 

DLC 

| CROMVIc 

® 2® 

CBC 


2 

DLC 

CROMTIVIc | CROMTIVIc 

® 2® 

CBC 


2 

DLC 

ZIRVIc | ZIRVIc 

® 2® 


structure: 

• to avoid built up edges 

• for machining aluminium and titanium alloys 

• for forming application with optimum release 

PLATIT multilayer coating for universal use: 

• Same usage as CrTiN 

plus 

• prevents built-up edges 

• easy release of forming tools 

• wear and corrosion protection on machine 

parts and components 


structure: 

• for machine parts used at higher 

temperature with low friction 


• for machining aluminum and titanium alloys 

• for forming application with optimum release 

15


® 

TiAlN (UniversAl ) 

AlTiN 

TiAlCN 

16 

Universal high-performance coating for cutting 

(drilling, milling, reaming, turning). 

Monolayer (MB): for stable finishing and roughing 

Multilayer (ML): for interrupted cuts 

TiAlN-F (ML); Ti/Al ~50/50% 

TiAlN-G (G: gradient); Ti/Al > 50/50% 

TiAlN-MB; Ti/Al ~50/50% 

High-performance coating: 

• high heat resistance 

• for dry, high speed machining 

• hard machining 

AlTiN-G (gradient); Ti/Al ≥ 40/60% 

AlTiN-ML; Ti/Al ≥ 40/60% 

AlTiN-T (MB); Ti/Al ≥ 40/60% 

AlTiN-C (MB); Ti/Al ≥ 33/67% 

PLATIT gradient coating for universal use: 

• with high toughness and hardness 

• at very low friction coefficient 

• for milling and tapping 

• for stamping and punching 


CBC 


2 

DLC 

® 2® 

ALLViC |ALLViC 

® 

µAlTiN 

CBC 


GRADVIc 

2 

DLC 

| GRADVIc 

® 2® 

Universal PLATIT Double coating: 

Very low friction coefficient for: 

• minimal lubrication 

• dry processing 

Special high-performance PLATIT coating: 

Like the AlTiN coatings, but with polished 

surfaces for extremly good chip evacuation. 


structure: 

• for milling, tapping, punching and stamping 


• for machining high alloyed materials as 

nickel alloys, Inconel, superalloys etc. 

• for forming application for optimum release 

17


AlCrN 

(EMO 2003) 

CBC 


2 

DLC 

® 2® 

AlCRINVIc |AlCRINVIc 

AlTiCrN 

18 

Classic coating with monoblock structure 

for universal use 

• high wear resistance against abrasive load 

• with aluminum, therefore good heat 

resistance 

• good oxidation resistance for dry machining 

• excellent adhesion layer deposited with non 

alloyed Cr target 

Double PLATIT coating with nanogradient 

structure: 

• high hardness, heat and scratch resistance 

• for forming of highly hard materials 

• for machine components with highly 

abrasive load 

PLATIT All-in-One coating for universal use, 

mainly for wet cutting 

Deposition also possible with conventional 

planar technology. 

In comparison to classic AlCrN: 

• higher hardness 

• more economical production 

Triple Coatings 3 

® 

AlCrN3 ® 

AlTiCrN3+ ® 

AlTiCrN3 ® 

Stoichiometry: 

CrN - Al/CrN Multi/Nanolayer - AlCrN 


CrN Al/CrN Multi/Nanolayer - AlTiCrN 


Cr(Ti)N - AlTiCrN - AlCrN 

Application field: 

• universal use 

• hobbing, especially micro hobbing 

• dry milling 


• wet and dry cutting 

• cutting with minimal lubrication 


• fine punching 

• forming 

• hobbing 

19

Nanocomposite Coatings 

® 

nACo 

® 

nACRo 

® 

nACo 

® 

nATCRo 

® 

nACRo 

20 

Nanocomposite PLATIT coating 

® 

nACo = (nc-AlTiN)/(a-Si3N 4): 

• extremely high nanohardness 

• extremely high heat- and oxidation-resistance 

• for hard machining 

• for high performance and also for 

normal machining conditions 

• also available with decorative blue top layer 


® 

nACRo = (nc-AlCrN/a-Si3N 4) 

• extremely high scratch resistance 

• extremely high heat resistance 

• high coating thickness possible 

• eliminates important disadvantages 

of AlCrN coatings 

• for "tough" diffcult to cut materials 


® 

nATCRo = (nc-AlTiCrN/a-Si3N 4) 

• All-in-One - coating for universal use 

• the successor of AlCrN-based coatings 


• high abrasive wear resistance 

Nanocomposite Coatings 

CBC 


2 

DLC 

Fǐ-VIc |Fǐ-VIc 

® 2® 

CBC 


nACVIc 

2 

DLC 

| nACVIc 

® 2® 

CBC 


nATVIc 

2 

DLC 

| nATVIc 

® 2® 

Double Nanocomposite PLATIT coating: 


• high toughness 

• extremely low friction coefficient 

• dedicated coating for machine parts, 

especially in racing engines 

Double Nanocomposite PLATIT coating with 

nanogradient structure: 


• high coating thickness possible 

• outstanding for HSS cutting in high alloyed 

materials and in titanium 

• for machine parts of high strength materials 

Double Nanocomposite PLATIT coating with 

nanogradient structure: 


• for forming of highly hard materials, even in 

the most difficult conditions; e.g. no or few 

lubrication 

21

TripleCoatings 3 ® 

3® 

nACo : For Universal Use 

TiN - AlTiN - nACo 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: AlSi 

3: no - 4: AlTi 

3® 

AlCrN : For Dry Cutting Abrasive Materials 

CrN - Al/CrN Multi/Nanolayer - 

AlCrN 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: Al - 3: Cr - 4: no 

3® 

nACRo : For Superalloys 

CrN - AlTiCrN - nACRo 

Cathodes: 

1: no - 2: AlSi+ 

3: Cr - 4: AlTi 

3® 

AlTiCrN : For Punches, Molds and Dies 

CrN - AlTiCrN - AlCrN 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: Al - 3: Cr - 4: no 

22 

TripleCoatings 3 ® 

3® 

TiXCo : For Superhard Machining 

TiN - nACo – TiSiN 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: Al 

3: TiSi - 4: no 

3® 

AlTiCrN +: For Dry and Wet Cutting 

Cr(Ti)N - 

Al/Ti/CrN Multi/Nanolayer - 

AlTiCrN 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: Al - 3: Cr - 4: no 

3® 

nACoX : For HSC Dry Turning and Milling 

TiN – AlTiN – nACo – 

AlCrO(N) 

Numbering for Cathodes' Positions in p311 

4 

23 

Cathodes: 

1: Ti - 2: AlSi+ 

3: AlCr-OXI - 4: AlTi 

1 

2 

3 

Triple Coatings 3 ® Selected TripleCoatings 3® 

are 

available for users according to 

PLATIT's OpenSource principle.


® Triple Coatings 3 

® 

24 

nACo3 ® 


3 ® 

nACo = TiN + AlTiN + TiAlN/SiN 

• tough core with high wear and heat resistance 

• top layer with extremely high nanohardness 

• for production with low deviation 

• high performance at wider applicability 

• preferably for drilling and punching 

TiXCo3 ® 

nACRo3 ® 


3 ® 

nACRo = CrN + AlTiCrN + AlCrN/SiN 

• high abrasive wear and heat resistance 

• top layer with high hardness and toughness 

• high performance at wider applicability 

• preferably for very tough operations; e.g. 

friction welding, die casting 

nACoX3 ® 

nATCRo3 ® 


3 ® 

nATCRo = CrTiN + AlTiN + AlTiCrN/SiN 

• for all cutting and forming tools 

• tough core 


• high abrasive wear resistance 

• preferably for drilling using HSS tools 

User3 ® 


TiN + nACo + TiXN/SiN 

Possibilities for the component X: 

X : Boron, X: Chromium, X: confidential 


TiN + nACo + AlCrN + AlCrON + X 

Possibilities for the component X: 

X : TiN, X: CrTiN, X: AlTiN, X: confidential 


User A's-Triple: CrN - AlCrN-Multilayer/SiN - 

AlCrN/SiN 

User B's-Triple: TiN - AlTiN - AlTiYN/SiN 

25 

Dedicated application field: 

Cutting of very hard materials (> 60HRC) 

Dedicated application field: 

Dry turning and milling using indexable inserts 

User C's-Triple: TiN - AlTiN - CrSiN 

User D's-Triple: ...

Layer Architecture of PLATIT's Oxynitride Coatings 

covering nitride; AlCrN, TiAlN, optional 

oxide or oxynitride; (Al,Cr) O - (Al,Cr)(O,N) 

2 3 

Nitride; AlCrN, TiAlN 

Nanocomposite; nACo, nACRo 

® 

Features of nACoX 

• Ratio nitrogen to oxygen: 

N/O: 50/50% – 80/20% 

• Typical coating thickness 

on turning inserts: 4 - 18 µm 

• Typical total hardness: 30 GPa 

• Typical Young's modulus: ~400 GPa 

adhesion layer 

tungsten carbide 

® 

nACoX 

AlCrON 

AlCrN 

nACo = TiAlN / SiN 

TiN = Adhesion layer 

2 

CROMVIc ® 

3 µm C H based gradient layer 

2 2 

(PECVD) at

Application Field of Coatings 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

TiN * 

TiCN-grey * 

® 

cVIc * 

TiAlN-ML 

AlTiN-G 

CrN * 

2® 

CROMVIc * 

CrTiN-ML * 

2® 

CROMTIVIc * 

Cutting 

universal use 

tapping, milling for HSS and HM with coolant 

aluminium machining to avoid built-up edges 

drilling and universal use, also for weak machines 

milling, hobbing, high performance machining, also dry 

cutting wood, light metals like copper, and Al alloys with 

low Si 

cutting wood, light metals like copper/ Al alloys with low 

Si, also for MQL 

cutting and forming high alloyed materials with HSS tools 

cutting high alloyed materials with HSS tools also with 

MQL 

Forming 

molds and dies 

molds and dies, punching 

molds and dies, punches for 

lower friction 


universal use for forming 

with lower friction 

molds and dies with higher 

hardness, extrusion 

molds and dies with lower 

friction 

Machine Component 

universal use, also for 

decorative purposes 

car parts, blisks, sawing 

parts, copper parts 

tool holders, corrosion prot., 

medical tools 

car parts, blisks, sewing 

parts 

10 

ZrN * 

machining aluminium magnesium, titanium alloys 

for decorative purposes 

28 

11 

AlTiCrN 

enhanced wet hobbing and milling 

12 

® 

nACo -G 

hard machining on stable machine, drilling, reaming, 

grooving 

13 

® 

Fǐ-VIc 

car parts with high load 

14 

® 

nACRo 

tough wet cutting of difficult materials (superalloys), micro 

tools 

friction welding, extrusion, 

die casting 

15 

® 

nACVIc 

cutting of high alloyed materials and titanium 

molds and dies, punching 

16 

nACo 3® 

hard machining, drilling, dry turning, reaming 

stamping, punching 

17 

nACRo 3 

tough cutting of superalloys, fine punching 

friction welding, extrusion, 

die casting 

for components with high 

abrasive load 

18 

TiXCo 3® 

for superhard cutting 

19 

nACoX 3® 

HSC dry turning and milling 

for components with highly 

abrasive load 

20 

AlCrN 3® 

dry milling, hobbing, sawing 

21 

AlTiCrN 3® 

fine punching, wet hobbing or sawing 

stamping, deep drawing, 

bending tools 

22 

AlTiCrN 3+® 

universal; wet and dry cutting 


29 

*LT: Low temperature processes possible.


30 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

TiN * 

TiCN-grey * 

® 

cVIc * 

TiAlN-ML 

AlTiN-G 

CrN * 

2® 

CROMVIc * 

CrTiN-ML * 

2® 

CROMTIVIc * 

ZrN * 

AlTiCrN 

PL70 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

PL 

80p111 + 311pp 

1001 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

Color 

Nanohardness 

up to [GPa] 

Thickness 

[µm] 

Friction (fretting) 

coefficient 

√ gold 24 1 - 7 0.55 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

blue-grey 

grey 

violet-black 

black 

metal-silver 

grey 

metal-silver/ 

gold 

grey 

white-gold 

blue-grey 

37 

37 - 20 

28 

34 

18 

25 

30 

25 

20 

34 

1 - 4 

1 - 5 

1 - 4 

1 - 4 

1 - 7 

1 - 10 

1 - 7 

1 - 10 

1 - 4 

1 - 4 

0.20 

0.15 

0.60 

0.70 

0.30 

0.10 

0.40 

0.10 

0.40 

0.55 

Max. usage Symbol 

temperature [°C] color 

600 

400 

400 

700 

900 

700 

450 

600 

450 

550 

850 

Nanocomposites 


® 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

® 

nACo -G 

® 

Fǐ-VIc 

® 

nACRo 

® 

nACVIc 

nACo 3® 

nACRo 3 

TiXCo 3® 

nACoX 3® 

AlCrN 3® 

AlTiCrN 3® 

AlTiCrN 3+ ® 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

violet-blue 

grey 

blue-grey 

grey 

violet-blue 

blue-grey 

copper 

black 

black 

blue-grey 

blue-grey 

45 

45 - 20 

40 

40 - 20 

34 / 45 

34 / 40 

40 / 47 

40 / 30 

32 / 35 

34 / 32 

32 / 34 

1 - 4 

1 - 6 

1 - 7 

1 - 10 

1 - 7 

1 - 7 

1 - 5 

4 - 18 

1 - 7 

1 - 10 

1 - 7 

0.45 

0.15 

0.35 

0.15 

0.45 

0.35 

0.55 

0.40 

0.40 

0.60 

0.50 

1200 

400 

1100 

400 

1200 / 900 

1100 / 900 

1200 

1200 

900 

900 

900 

31 

*LT: Low temperature processes possible. 

Typical Coating Surfaces (measured by AFM, at 2µm coating thickness) 

2.42 µm 

1.35 µm 

® 

LARC 65.5 µm 

S a = 0.09-0.25 µm 

65.5 µm 

® 

s-LARC 

75 µm 

S = 0.03-0.08 µm 

a 

requires pcoating unit with special software 

75 µm 

4.2 µm 

ARC 

S = 0.15-0.45 µm 

a 

197 nm 

® 

µ-LARC 

S = 0.003-0.008 µm 

a 

requires m-pcoating unit 

or post-polishing 

32 

93 µm 

62 µm 62 µm

coating A 

coating B 

primary rec. 

alternative 

recommendation 

Cutting 

Drilling Turning Milling Tapping Sawing Reaming 

Broaching 

Injection 

Molding 

Chipless Forming 

Stamping Forming 

Punching 

Coating Usage Recommendations 

Steels 

Hardened steels 

Cast Iron 

Aluminium 

(> 12% Si) 

Aluminium 

(< 12% Si) 

Super alloys 

Copper 

Bronze, Brass 

Plastics 

µ 

µ 

nACo nACo nACRo nACVIc TiAlCN nACo nACVIc nACVIc nACVIc 

µAlTiN 

nACo 

AlTiN 

nACo 

AlTiN 

nACo 

GRADVIC 

nACo 

S STiN 

nACo 

µ µAlTiN 

nACo 

CrN GRADVIC 

nACo 

TiCN-MP 

nACo nACo nACo nACo TiAlCN nACo 

µAlTiN AlTiN AlTiN TiAlCN S STiN µ µAlTiN 

nACo nACo nACo nACVIc TiCN-MP µ µAlTiN S STiN nACo nACVIc 

TiCN TiCN TiCN-MP TiCN-MP S STiN TiCN-MP CrN TiCN GRADVIC 

cVIc cVIc cVIc CROMVIC TiCN-MP cVIc cVIc cVIc cVIc 

ZrN 

nACRo 

ZrN 

nACo 

ZrN 

nACRo 

TiCN-MP 

nACRo 

S STiN 

nACRo 

TiCN-MP 

nACo 

CROMVIC 

nACVIc 

CROMVIC 

nACVIc 

GRADVIC 

nACVIc 

GRADVIC GRADVIC GRADVIC GRADVIC TiAlCN GRADVIC GRADVIC GRADVIC GRADVIC 

CrN CrN CrN CrN CrN CrN CrN CrN CrN 

TiCN-MP TiCN-MP TiCN-MP TiCN-MP TiCN-MP TiCN-MP S STiN TiCN-MP TiCN-MP 

TiCN TiCN TiCN TiCN TiCN TiCN CrN TiCN TiCN 

33 

Design: 

... Inspired by Nature's Excellence! 

PLATIT AG 

Eichholz St. 9 

CH-2545 Selzach / SO 

Tel: +41 (32) 544 62 00 

Fax: +41 (32) 544 62 20 

E-Mail: info@platit.com 

Web: www.platit.com 

© 2012 PLATIT AG. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to 

change. All ® signed trademarks are registered by the BCI Group. 

Several technologies described herein are protected by 

international patents. CGEV17 

3® 

Guide for TripleCoatings 

Steels 

wet 

wet 

Hardened steels 

dry/MQL 

Cast iron 

Aluminium 

(>12% Si) 

Super alloys 

dry/MQL 

wet 

dry/MQL 

wet 

dry/MQL 

wet 

dry/MQL 

Drilling 

Milling 

Reaming 

Turning 

Hobbing Tapping 

HSS HM 

HSS HM HSS HM 

Forming 

nACRo 3 nACo 3 nACo 3 AlTiCrN AlTiCrN 3+ AlTiCrN 3+ nACVIc 2 nACRo 3 nACo 3 AlTiCrN 3 

nACRo 3 nACo 3 nACoX 3 AlCrN 3 AlCrN 3 AlCrN 3 nACVIc 2 nACRo 3 nACo 3 AlTiCrN 3+ 

3 

3 

nACo nACo 

AlTiCrN 3+ AlTiCrN 3+ nACRo 3 

nACo 3 

nACo 3 nACoX 3 

TiXCo 3 AlCrN 3 nACRo 3 

TiXCo 3 

nACRo 3 

3 nACRo nACo 3 

3 

3 

nACRo nACRo nACRo 3 nACRo 3 nACRo 3 nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

3 nACRo nACoX 3 

3 nACRo nACo 3 nACo 3 nACo 3 nACRo 3 nACo 3 

nACRo 3 nACRo 3 nACo 3 

+ 

AlTiCrN 3 AlTiCrN 3+ nACRo 3 nACVIc 2 nACRo 3 nACo 3 nACVIc 2 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACVIc 2 

nACRo 3 

nACoX 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACVIc 2 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACRo 3 

nACo 3 

nACo 3 

nACo 3 

nACVIc 2 

AlTiCrN 3+ 

AlTiCrN 3+

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