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Figure 7. Sketch Map of PT. Silva Inhutanu Lampung (SIL) Industrial Forest 18
During the first 4 years from 1989/1990 to 1992/1993, albizia was a major tree in this industrial timber plantation because of a government recommendation. Government recommended industrial timber plantation to plant Albizia, a fast growing species, to fulfill a supply of raw material for pulp industries. Albizia, however, did not grow well in this area and is less suitable for pulping than other fast growing species such as acacia. Therefore, after 1993/1994, PT. SIL stopped planting albizia. They substituted albizia with acacia and rubber. Table 9. Planting Areas by Planting Year and Type of Trees (Ha) Planting Year Type of Trees Albizia Akasia Rubber Paraserianthes falcataria Acacia mangium Hevea brassiliensis Total 1989/1990 1,100 0 0 1,100 1990/1991 1,600 0 0 1,600 1991/1992 500 0 2,800 3,300 1992/1993 1,865 0 0 1,865 1993/1994 0 0 3,550 3,550 1994/1995 0 2,320 2,200 4,520 1995/1996 0 1,620 500 2,120 1996/1997 0 2,200 600 2,800 1997/1998 0 1,810 0 1,810 Total 5,065 7,950 9,650 22,665 Source: PT. Silva Inhutani Lampung. We could not obtain land clearing for all years. In 1994, 1995 and 1997, PT. SIL cleared around 2,000 ha of secondary forest per year by using fire. In the first two years, PT. SIL planted a monoculture cassava. They began to plan forest trees in the third year. However, they can still plant cassava intercroped with forest tree for one year. Therefore, during our survey period, we found around 2,000 ha of land in industrial plantation-PT. SIL was still planted with cassava 5 . During 1997 to 1999, fires destroyed around 8,450 ha of PT. SIL areas (Table 10). The major underlying cause of fire in this area was land tenure conflict. In some cases, however, it is difficult to identify a cause of fire is it related to land tenure conflict or was it an accident or an escaped fire. For example, farmers said that the cause of fire was an accident. In fact, land tenure conflict occurred over much of that 5 Law does not permit timber concession permitted to plant cassava. However, since this timber plantation is a joint venture with one private company who own cassava processing industry, they planted cassava in this timber plantation areas to supply raw material for the cassava processing industry (Tapioca). 19
Page 1 and 2: Impacts of Human Activities and Lan
Page 3 and 4: 2. Methodology and Study Site We co
Page 5 and 6: S u b s i t e 1 S u b s i t e 2 S u
Page 7 and 8: Figure 3. Regeneration of swamp for
Page 9 and 10: was burned for rice cultivation und
Page 11 and 12: dua (around 51-57%). These three tr
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5. Developing of Transmigrat
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6. Imperata cylindrica grass
Page 17: 4. Fires Arising from Land Tenure C
Page 21 and 22: Table 10. Area of fire by cause of
Page 23 and 24: In 1998, PT. SIL asked the Indonesi
Page 25 and 26: 4.1.4. Land Speculation In the nort
Page 27 and 28: and burned oil palm and coconut hyb
Page 29 and 30: (BNIL), PT. Rimba Lampung Abadi (RL
Page 31 and 32: 4.2.5. Land Tenure Conflict Post Re
Page 33: 7. References BAPPENAS/ADB Report.

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