SG-Ch 7 Learning.pdf - Edmond Public Schools

2
Learning
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APPLICATIONS:
Classical conditioning is all around us. It is especially common
in the realm of emotional behavior. Test your understanding of
the basic elements of classical conditioning in the following
example. Then, consider whether there are emotions of your
own that might have developed as the product of classical
conditioning.
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day when a
neighbor's cat wandered over. Your mother (who has a
terrible fear of animals) screamed and snatched you into her
arms. Her behavior caused you to cry. You now have a fear of
As a child, you were playing in the yard one day
when cats. a neighbor's cat wandered over. Your mother
(who 10. The has NS, a then terrible CS is fear ______________________________
of animals) screamed and
snatched you into her arms. Her behavior caused you
to11. cry. The You US is now ______________________________________
have a fear of cats.
10.
12.
The
The CR
NS,
is
then
______________________________________
CS is
13. The UR is ______________________________________
-----------
11. The US is
---------------
14. You always rattle the box of dog biscuits before giving
12. The CR is
---------------
your dog a treat. As you do so, your dog salivates. At first,
13. The UR is
rattling the ---------------
box is a _ which eventually becomes a __ .
14. Your always dog's salivation rattle the is a box . _ of dog biscuits before
givinga. your NS; CS; dogCR
a treat. As you do so, your dog
salivates. At first, rattling the box is a _
b. CS; NS; UR
which eventually becomes a __
. Your
dog'sc. salivation NS; US; CR is a .
_
a. NS; d. US; CS; NS; CRUR
b. CS; NS; UR
c. NS; US; CR
d. US; NS; UR
Objective 7-3: Summarize the processes of acquisition,
Objective 7-3:Summarize the processes of acquisition,
extinction, extinction, spontaneous spontaneous recovery, recovery, generalization, generalization,
and
and discrimination. discrimination.
Use the following graph as a reference for the
Use answers the following to 15(a), 19(b),and graph as 20(c). a reference for the
answers to 15(a), 19(b),and 20(c).
Strong TI a. CS+ us b. CSalone c.
Strength
ofCR
Weak I , ~ n_ .. __
::::::000..""
Time
15. The initial learning of a conditioned response is called
15. The initial learning of a conditioned response is
(a) _______________________ . For many conditioning
called (a)
. For many conditioning
situations, the optimal interval between a
situations, the optimal interval between a neutral stimulus
and the US is _______________________
neutral stimulus and the US is
_______________________ .
16. When the US is presented prior to a neutral stimulus,
conditioning (does/does not) occur.
17. Sexual conditioning studies with quail demonstrate that
classical conditioning is highly adaptive because it helps
animals _______________________ and
_______________________ .
18. The procedure in which an established conditioned
stimulus is paired with a different
_______________________ stimulus, thereby establishing
the latter as a _______________________ stimulus, is called
_______________________-_______________________
_______________________ ,
19. If a CS is repeatedly presented without the US,
(b) _______________________ soon occurs; that is, the
CR diminishes.
20. Following a pause, however, the CR reappears in
response to the CS; this phenomenon is called
(c) _______________________
_______________________ .
21. Subjects often respond to a similar stimulus as they
would to the original CS. This phenomenon is called
_______________________ .
22. Humans and other animals can also be trained not to
respond to _______________________ stimuli. This
learned ability is called _______________________
23. Being able to recognize differences among stimuli has
_______________________ value because it lets us limit
our learned responses to appropriate stimuli.
STUDY TIP: Some students find the terms discrimination and
generalization confusing because of their negative social
connotations. In the context of classical conditioning,
discrimination is a healthy sign that the subject of conditioning
has learned the difference between two stimuli, much as a
"discriminating coffee lover" can taste subtle variations
between two coffee blends. Generalization is apparent when
discrimination does not occur.
16. When the US is presented prior to a neutral stim-