SG-Ch 7 Learning.pdf - Edmond Public Schools

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6 be acceptable in another. Punishment can also lead to and a sense of helplessness, as well as to the association of the aversive event with Learning _ In punishment, something bad occurs following an undesirable behavior; in negative reinforcement, something bad is removed. Complete the chart below of examples of punishment and negative reinforcement. The first example has been filled in for you. 58. Which Is Taken Away, Is This Punishment or Behavior Consequence Something Good or Bad? Negative Reinforcement? Driving Lose driver's while intoxicated license Good Punishment a. Forgetting to give your roommate a phone message b. Putting on your coat so that you are no longer cold c. Getting a drink when you are thirsty d. Using your laptop until the battery dies e. Your brother nagging you until you help him with his homework Objective 7-9:Describe the the controversy over over Skinner's Skinner's views of human behavior, and identify views of human behavior, and identify some ways to apply some ways to apply operant conditioning principles operant at school, conditioning in sports, principles at work, and at school, at home. in sports, at work, and at home. 59. Skinner's views were controversial because he 59. Skinner's insisted views that were controversial because influences, he insisted that _______________________ rather than influences, _ rather than _______________________ and _______________________ _ and _______________________ shape behavior. shape behavior. 60. 60. Skinner Skinner also also advocated advocated the the use use of of _________ principles to influence people in ways that promote more desirable _______________________ principles to influence people in ways that promote more desirable _______________________ . 61. Skinner's critics argued that he 61. Skinner's ________ critics argued that people he by neglecting their _______________________ people by neglecting their personal _______________________ and by seeking to _______________________ their actions. 62. The use of teaching machines and programmed textbooks was an early application of the operant conditioning procedure of _______________________ to education. Online systems, software that is _______________________ and _______________________-based learning are newer examples of this application of operant principles. Reinforcement principles can also be used to enhance _______________________ abilities by shaping successive approximations of new skills. 63. In personal boosting productivity in the workplace, and by seeking positive to reinforcement _________ is (more/less) effective their actions. when applied to specific 62. The behaviors use of teaching than when machines given to and reward programmed general merit and when textbooks the desired was an performance early application is well defined of the operant and conditioning procedure of _ _______________________ . For such behaviors, to education. Online systems, immediate reinforcement software that is is (more/no more) effective _ than delayed andreinforcement. -based learning 64. In are using newer operant examples conditioning of this to application change your of own operant behavior, principles. you would Reinforcement follow these principles four steps can also be used to enhance abilities by a. ______________________________________________ shaping successive approximations of new skills. b. ______________________________________________ 63. In boosting productivity in the workplace, positive reinforcement is _ c. ______________________________________________ d. ______________________________________________ (more/less) effective when applied to specific APPLICATIONS: 65. The manager of a manufacturing plant wishes to use positive reinforcement to increase the productivity of workers. Which of the following procedures would probably be the most effective? a. Deserving employees are given a general merit bonus at the end of each fiscal year. b. A productivity goal that seems attainable, yet is unrealistic, is set for each employee. c. Employees are given immediate bonuses for specific behaviors related to productivity. d. Employees who fail to meet standards of productivity receive pay cuts.
ductivity of workers. Which of the following procedures would probably be the most effective? a. Deserving employees are given a general merit bonus at the end of each fiscal year. b. A productivity goal that seems attainable, yet is unrealistic, is set for each employee. c. Employees are given immediate bonuses for 66. Reggie's specific mother behaviors tells him that related he can to watch productivity. TV after he cleans d. Employees his room. Evidently, who fail to Reggie's meet mother standards is attempting of productivity receive pay cuts. to use to increase room cleaning. 66. Reggie's a. operant mother conditioning tells him that he can watch TV after he cleans his room. Evidently, Reggie's mother b. secondary is attempting reinforcement to use to increase c. positive room reinforcement cleaning. a. d. operant all of these conditioning procedures b. secondary reinforcement c. positive reinforcement d. all of these procedures Objective 7-10:Identify the characteristics that distinguish operant conditioning from classical conditioning. responses. 70. The reflexive responses of classical conditioning involve behavior. Learning 7 71. In contrast, behavior that is more spontaneous and that is influenced by its consequences is called . behavior. the influences of _______________________ processes and _______________________ 72. Classical and operant predispositions. conditioning are both subject to the influences of _ processes and _ STUDY TIP/APPLICATION: If you still find yourself confusing predispositions. classical conditioning and operant conditioning, try the following. STUDYAsk TIP/APPLICATION: yourself two questions: If you (1) Is still the find behavior yourself confusing classical conditioning and operant conditioning, try the following. Ask yourself two questions: voluntary (operant conditioning) or involuntary (classical conditioning)? (1) Is the behavior (2) Does voluntary the learning (operant involve an conditioning) association or involuntary (classical conditioning)? (2) Does the between two stimuli (classical conditioning) or between a learning involve an association between two stimuli response (classical and conditioning) an outcome (operant or between conditioning)? a response Test your and an outcome (operant conditioning)? Test your understanding with the following examples. understanding with the following examples. 73. Is the Behavior Type of Behavior Voluntary or Involuntary? Conditioning a. After receiving a mild shock from the "invisible fence" surrounding his yard, a dog no longer crosses the boundary. b. You flinch when someone yells, "Duck!" c. You ask more questions in class after the professor praises you for a good question. d. The pupil of your eye dilates (opens wider) after you enter a darkened theater. 67. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both forms of _______________________ _______________________ . 68. Both types of conditioning involve similar processes of _______________________ , _______________________ , _______________________ , _______________________ , _______________________ and _______________________ . 69. Classical conditioning associates _______________________ stimuli with stimuli that trigger responses that are _ Thus, in this form of conditioning, the organism (does/does not) control the responses. 70. The reflexive responses of classical conditioning involve _______________________ behavior. 71. In contrast, behavior that is more spontaneous and that is influenced by its consequences is called _______________________ behavior. 72. Classical and operant conditioning are both subject to Biology, Cognition, and Learning Objective 7-11: Explain how biological constraints affect classical and operant conditioning. 74. Some psychologists once believed that any natural _______________________ could be conditioned to any neutral _______________________ . 75. Garcia discovered that rats would associate _______________________ with taste but not with other stimuli. Garcia found that taste-aversion conditioning (would/would not) occur when the delay between the CS and the US was more than an hour is speedier, stronger, and more durable when the CS is _______________________ relevant. 76. Results such as these demonstrate that the principles of learning are constrained by the _______________________ predispositions of each animal species and that they help each species _______________________ to its environment.
Page 1 and 2: Learning 1 How Do We Learn? Objecti
Page 3 and 4: Learning 3 APPLICATION: Bill had an
Page 5: Learning 5 Describe the typical pat
Page 9 and 10: Learning 9 This is an example of a.

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