Progressive Housing in New York City: - Columbia University ...

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Through large immigrant populations to the United States in the early parts of the twentieth century, cooperative movements were transplanted. The first cooperative housing in the United States was established by Finnish immigrants in the Sunset Park area of Brooklyn. The following cooperative housing complexes are designated as New York City Landmarks: 1. The United Worker’s Colony- Bronx 2. Dunbar Apartments- Manhattan (first cooperative apartments for African Americans) Please note that at this time none of the Finnish Cooperatives in Brooklyn are protected by Landmark designation or by being part of a historic district. Housing cooperatives in Katajanokka, Finland (Built around 1901) Photograph from Wikipedia.org‐ Article on Katajonoka Cooperative News, serving as the Rochdale Cooperative weekly newspaper since 1871. Cover from 1890 edition. Image from: University of Texas 14
Chapter 2- Women’s Involvement in Progressive Housing Women became involved in progressive housing in NYC in the early 1900s, when they started to realize the awful and unsanitary conditions in which poor and low-income people lived. Women identified themselves with domestic issues such as housing, since they thought their role in society was that of mothers and wives. A big personality involved in the Housing Reform Movement in NYC was Josephine Shaw Lowell. Mrs. Lowell was a social reformer and a philanthropist who influenced legislation and organizations in order to create modern programs for the poor and needy. She worked with the State Charities Aid Association for which she wrote reports on the need for adequate facilities for the poor. These reports impressed Governor Samuel J. Tilden who, in 1876, appointed her as Commissioner of the State Board of Charities, becoming the first woman in this position. Josephine Shaw Lowell Image from the Texas Council for Developmental Disabilities web site. Samuel J. Tilden Image from Wikipedia web site. Among her many achievements were the founding of important organizations such as the Charity Organization Society of the City of New York in 1882, the House of Refuge for Women in 1886, the Women’s Municipal League in 1894, and the Civil Service Reform Association of New York 15
Page 1 and 2: Progressive Housing in New York Cit
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Item Page Introdu
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1- The Historic Context of
Page 7 and 8: eferred to as “New-Law” tenemen
Page 9 and 10: A. Model Tenement History With the
Page 11 and 12: “Model Houses for Families” Blo
Page 13: this time the Finns had banned toge
Page 17 and 18: name unless they were windows or ne
Page 19 and 20: Robert Weeks de Forest Forest Hills
Page 21 and 22: interested in creating better life
Page 23 and 24: development of housing for families
Page 25 and 26: The interior tells a different stor
Page 27 and 28: Street Street Bishop Model Tenement
Page 29 and 30: Street De Forest Fireproof Tenement
Page 31 and 32: Hartley Open Stair Tenements‐ Upp
Page 33 and 34: Bishop Model Tenements- This teneme
Page 35 and 36: As the graph reveals, the majority
Page 37 and 38: Some of the issues we see is the so
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4- Finnish Cooperatives His
Page 41 and 42: Based on those ideologies, the Finn
Page 43 and 44: Next, we selected the buildings tha
Page 45 and 46: cost of land. Bond issues, loans, a
Page 47 and 48: usually fine workmanship, and the l
Page 49 and 50: Lot Coverage - Building Footprints
Page 51 and 52: larger and brighter, and the corrid
Page 53 and 54: Sun Garden Homes: Floor Plan and In
Page 55 and 56: Plan A Plan B Park Slope Homes inte
Page 57 and 58: these co-operatives improved over t
Page 59 and 60: in a severely unsafe condition. Bec
Page 61 and 62: presence in Brooklyn (and New York
Page 63 and 64: Dolkart, Andrew S. Biography of a T
Page 65 and 66:
Tarn, John Nelson. Five Percent Phi
Page 67 and 68:
42. I.N. Phelps Stokes: Tenement Ar
Page 69 and 70:
Distribution Ma p: Red= Model Tenem
Page 71 and 72:
179 Mulberry Street Plan from Clark
Page 73:
Finnish Co-op housing in Sunset Par
Page 76 and 77:
“Brooklyn Garden Apartments” 71
Page 78 and 79:
“Emerson Tenements” 746 11 th A
Page 80 and 81:
“Harlem Apartments” 211 West 14
Page 82 and 83:
“Manhattan Housing Corporation”
Page 84 and 85:
“Thomas Garden Apartments” 840
Page 86 and 87:
“Seventy Third Street Estate/Jame
Page 88 and 89:
“Celtic Park Apartments” 4810 4
Page 90 and 91:
“Lavoisier Apartments” 1213 Yor
Page 92 and 93:
“Rogers Model Dwellings” 425‐
Page 94 and 95:
“DeForest Fireproof Tenements”
Page 96 and 97:
“Henry Phipps Houses” 234‐248
Page 98 and 99:
“Henry Phipps Tenement Houses”
Page 100 and 101:
“Home Buildings” 445 Hicks St.,
Page 102 and 103:
“Astral Apartment (flat)” 184 F
Page 104 and 105:
“Mesa Verde” 3433 90 th Street,
Page 106 and 107:
“Corner View I” 4401 4 th Ave.,
Page 108 and 109:
“Florence (Risula)” 546 40 th S
Page 110 and 111:
“Park Slope Homes” 521‐31 41
Page 112 and 113:
“Sunset View I” 605 41 st St.,
Page 114 and 115:
“Sun Garden Homes” 637‐47 & 6
Page 116 and 117:
“Sunset Court (Kiusala)” 4002
Page 118 and 119:
“Sunset Home (Koyhaintalo)” 401
Page 120 and 121:
“Elmo Homes (Lepola)” •Type:
Page 122 and 123:
“Alku I” 816 43 rd St (near 8th
Page 124 and 125:
“Advance Homes (Moskova)” 848
Page 126 and 127:
“Broadview (Petleheemi)” 4313 9
Page 128 and 129:
“Bay View” 671 47 th St., Brook
Page 130 and 131:
“Hillside” 566 44 th St., Brook
Page 132 and 133:
“Pleasant View” 574(576) 44 th
Page 134 and 135:
“466 49 th Street Club” 466 49
Page 136 and 137:
“Academy Housing Cooperation” 5
Page 138 and 139:
“Amalgamated Dwellings” 504‐2
Page 140 and 141:
“Hillman House” 504‐20 Grand
Page 142 and 143:
“Seward Park” 504‐20 Grand St
Page 144 and 145:
“Hillside Homes” 3480 Seymour A
Page 146 and 147:
“Shalom (Scholem) Aleichem Houses
Page 148 and 149:
“The Dunbar” 149 th ‐150 th S
Page 150 and 151:
“Varma I ” 828 Gerard Avenue ,
Page 152 and 153:
“Flagg Courts” 7200 Ridge Blvd,
Page 154:
Model Tenements that have been demo
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