Resource Manual For Quality Indicators In - Department of Health

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Indicator 1: Prevalence of stage 1 - 4 pressure ulcers Definition of key data elements • A pressure ulcer is defined as ‘any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure, resulting in damage of the skin and underlying tissue’. Source: Australian Wound Management Association. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers. 2001 Alternate terms include ‘bed sore’ and ‘decubitus ulcer’. Pressure Ulcer Staging System Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer Observable pressure related alteration of intact skin whose indicators as compared to the adjacent or opposite area of the body may include changes in one or more of the following: skin temperature (warmth or coolness), tissue consistency (firm or boggy feel) and/or sensation (pain, itching). The ulcer appears as a defined area of persistent redness in lightly pigmented skins, whereas in darker skin tones, the ulcer may appear with persistent red, blue or purple hues. NB 1. Reactive hyperaemia (that is, skin discolouration) may easily be confused with a Stage 1 pressure ulcer. Reactive hyperaemia is a normal compensatory mechanism following an episode of reduced perfusion from localized pressure. Relief of this pressure results in a large and sudden increase in blood flow to the affected tissue. NB For the purpose of this survey, patients who are identified as having an area of reactive hyperaemia will need to be repositioned off the affected area; the skin will then need to be re-inspected thirty minutes later for evidence of a Stage 1pressure ulcer. From Appendix B National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Staging System in PUPPS 3 Report 2007, (see Resources list). Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and/or dermis. The ulcer is superficial and presents clinically as an abrasion, blister or shallow crater. Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer Full thickness skin involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to but not through underlying fascia. The ulcer presents clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissue. Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures (for example, tendon or joint capsule). Undermining and sinus tracts may also be associated with Stage 4 pressure ulcers. Source: Australian Wound Management Association. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers. 2001 5
Indicator 1: Prevalence of stage 1 - 4 pressure ulcers Resources and further information There are a number of resources that have been developed specifically for health and/or residential services to introduce or manage pressure ulcers. There is also a range of courses available for staff in the management of wounds. The following resources and information are all available via the internet: • Website of the Australian Wound Management Association - http://www.awma.com.au • Pressure ulcer basics online education program - http://www.health.vic.gov.au/pressureulcers/education.htm • VQC State-wide - Pressure ulcer point prevalence survey PUPPS 1 (2003), 2 (2004) and 3 (2007) Reports http://www.health.vic.gov.au/pressureulcers/pupps.htm • Joanna Briggs Institute Best Practice information sheets ‘Prevention of pressure related damage’ and ‘Management of Pressure related tissue damage’ – www.joannabriggs.edu.au/pubs/best_practice.php • Queensland Health, 2004, Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management – Resource Guide - http://www.health.qld.gov.au/quality/Publication/pressure_mgt2004.pdf 6
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Resource Manual For Quality Indicators In - Department of Health

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