MANUAL Part II Visual Assessment of Crown Condition - ICP Forests

44 II. CROWN CONDITION ASSESSMENTS
N. tree Specification of affected part Symptom Location in crown
1 25 14 4
Coppice shall only be recorded as a dead tree (code 4) when all the shoots are dead.
Note: The symptom description is related to the total crown and quantification is related to
the assessable crown. Therefore it is possible that the presence of damage symptoms is
indicated in the symptom description, but that the extent is 0 % if symptoms occurred outside
the assessable crown.
A2.6 Quality assurance and quality control
- field crews should undergo a theoretical and practical training in diagnosing and
quantifying the more important damage symptoms prior to the start of the annual field
season;
- Diagnosis should always be confirmed by an expert phytopathologist whenever possible.
- If a field check by an expert phytopathologist is not possible photographs of the affected
tree and/or samples of affected foliage, branches, fungal fruitbodies etc. may be of help
for diagnosis. However damaging trees in the plots by destructive sampling is not
allowed. Sampling of nearby trees outside the plot showing the same damage symptoms
may be considered. However one should remember that similar damage symptoms may
result from different causes.
- Surveyors should be provided with forest pathology field guides to facilitate diagnosis
(see 9. References)
See also Crown Condition manual main text chapt. 9 for QA/QC guidelines.
A2.7 Reporting
Validated data are sent every year to the European database accompanied by a “Data
accompanying report – questionnaire (DAR-Q), including details on the applied method and
any deviation from the manual. It is recommended to include a chapter on damage causes in
the yearly national report on forest condition.
A2.8 References
Abgrall, J. F., Soutrenon A., 1991. La forêt et ses ennemis. CEMAGREF, Grenoble.
Blanchard, R.O., Tattar, T.A., 1981. Field and laboratory guide to tree pathology. Academic
Press, New York.
Butin, H., 1989. Krankheiten der Wald- und Parkbäume. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart -
New York.
Ferreira M. C., Ferreira G. W. S., 1990. Pragas das Resinosas. Guia de campo. Ministerio da
Agricultura, Pescas e Alimentaçao, Lisboa.
Ferreira M. C., Ferreira G. W. S., 1991. Pragas das Folhosas. Guia de campo. Ministerio da
Agricultura, Pescas e Alimentaçao, Lisboa.
Hartmann, G., Nienhaus, F., Butin, H., 1995. Farbatlas Waldschäden. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Johnson W. T., Lyon H. H., 1991. Insects that feed on trees and shrubs. Comstock Publishing
Associates. Cornell University, Ithaca and London.
Luciano, P., Roversi, P. F., 2001. Fillofagi delle querce in Italia. Industria Grafica Poddighe,
Sassari. (English version also available)
Munoz, C., Pérez, V., Cobos, P., Hernández, R. & Sánchen G., 2003. Sanidad forestal. Guía
en imágenes de plagas, enfermedades y otros agentes presentes en los bosques. Mundi-Prensa,
Madrid.
updated 06/2006