Exergy saving and exergy production in municipal wastewater ...

Exergy saving and exergy production in municipal wastewater treatment
TABLE OF CONTENT
Summary in Swedish
iii
acknowledgements
v
abstract 1
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Energy entering the plant 1
1.2. Energy consumed in the plant 2
1.3. Parameters affecting the energy gain from the plant 3
1.4. Anaerobic digestion 4
1.5. Laws of thermodynamics 5
1.6. Thermodynamic view of the treatment plant 7
1.7. Thermodynamic indicators 8
1.8. Emergy 8
1.9. Entropy 9
1.10. Exergy 9
1.11. Definition in natural science 10
1.12. Definition in thermodynamic 11
1.13. Definition in ecological system 12
1.14. Forth law of thermodynamics 14
1.15. Calorimetry 14
1.16. Bomb calorimeter 15
1.17. Relation between growth yield and energy available 16
1.18. Application of thermodynamic orientors 17
1.19. Thermodynamic of growth 17
1.20. Exergy calculation for a treatment plant using environmental data based
on COD measurements 20
1.21. COD removal in anoxic processes 22
1.22. Nitrogen as nitrate in the sludge phase 22
1.23. Nitrogen removed as gas (no COD consumption) 23
1.24. Exergy calculation for a treatment plant using environmental data based
on BOD measurements 23
1.25. Microbial Fuel Cell 24
1.26. How to measure the amount of electricity being produced 25
1.27. Electron transfer process 26
1.28. Mediators 26
1.29. Suitable mediators 27
1.30. Activation polarization 27
1.31. Geobactersulfurreducens 27
1.32. Measuring MFC efficiency 27
1.33. Columbic efficiency 28
1.34. MFC application 29
1.35. MFC for electricity production 31
1.36. Benchmarking 32
2. Material and methods 32
2.1. COD measurements of food products 35
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