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134 ” CSS Selector Libraries N o t e when reading this table that CSS selectors begin set indices at 0 whereas XPath begins them at 1. Content F i l t e r s Where basic filters are based mainly on the type of node or its position in the result set, content filters are based on node value or surrounding hierarchical structure. • a:contains(“About Us”); selects all a nodes where the node value contains the substring “About Us”. • img:empty selects all img nodes that contain no child nodes (including text nodes). • li:has(a:contains(“About Us”)) selects all li nodes that contain an a node with the substring “About Us” in its node value. • li:parent selects all li nodes that contain child nodes (including text nodes). Selector CSS XPath nodes containing text a:contains(“About //a[contains(text(), Us”) “About Us”)] nodes without img:empty //img[not(node())] children nodes containing a li:has(a:contains //li//a[contains( selector match (“About Us”)) text(), “About Us”)] nodes with children li:parent //li[node()] Attribute F i l t e r s Filters up to this point have been specific to element nodes, but they also exist for attribute nodes. Attribute filters are surrounded by square brackets in both CSS and XPath, but differ in that CSS uses mostly operators for conditions while XPath uses mostly functions. U n l i k eother filters described in this chapter, support for attribute filters is fairly universal between different libraries.
CSS Selector Libraries ” 135 • [href] matches all nodes that have an attribute node with the name href. • [href=“/home”] matches all nodes with an attribute node named href that has a value of “/home”. • [href!=“/home”] matches all nodes with an attribute node named href that do not have a value of “/home”. • [hrefˆ=“/”] matches all nodes with an attribute node named href and have a value that starts with “/”. • [href$=“-us”] matches all nodes with an attribute node named href and have a value that ends with “-us”. • [href*=“-us”] matches all nodes with an attribute node named href and have a value that contains “-us” anywhere within the value. • [src*=“ad”][altˆ=“Advertisement”] matches all nodes that have both an attribute node named src with a value containing “ad” and an attribute node named alt with a value starting with “Advertisement”. Selector CSS XPath has attribute [href] //*[@href] has attribute value [href=“/home”] //*[@href=“/home”] has different attribute [href!=“/home”] //*[@href!=“/home”] value has attribute value starting with substring [hrefˆ=“/”] //*[starts-with(@href, “/”)] has attribute value ending with substring [href$=“-us”] //*[ends-width(@href, “-us”)] has attribute value containing substring [href*=“-us”] //*[contains(@href, “-us”)] multiple attribute filters [src*=“ad”][altˆ= “Advertisement”] //*[contains(@src, “ad”) and starts-with(@alt, “Advertisement”)]
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