php|architect's Guide to Web Scraping with PHP - Wind Business ...

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C ontents Credits F oreword xiii xvii Chapter 1 — Introduction 1 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 H o w to Read This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 W eb Scraping Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Applications of W eb Scraping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Appropriate U se of W eb Scraping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Legality of W eb Scraping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Topics Co vered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter 2 — HTTP 7 Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 GET Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Anatomy of a URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Query Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 POST Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 HEAD Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 H eaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Redirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
vi ” CONTENTS Referring URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 P ersistent Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Content Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 U ser Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Basic HTTP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Digest HTTP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 W rap-U p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 3 — HTTP Streams W rapper 27 Simple Request and Response Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Stream Contexts and POST Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 HTTP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 A F ew M ore Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 W rap-U p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 4 — cURL Extension 35 Simple Request and Response Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Contrasting GET and POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Setting M ultiple Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Handling H eaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 HTTP Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Redirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Referers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Content Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 U ser Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Byte Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 DNS Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 T imeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Request P ooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 W rap-U p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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Page 11: x ” CONTENTS Chapter 14 — PCRE
Page 15 and 16: xiv ” CONTENTS pleted. Each had a
Page 18 and 19: For ewor d W eb scraping is the fut
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Introduction If you are l
Page 23 and 24: Introduction ” 3 in some instance
Page 25: Introduction ” 5 • Chapters 3-7
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Page 51 and 52: HTTP Streams W rapper ” 31 Error
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36 ” cURL Extension Simple R eque
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38 ” cURL Extension Setting M ult
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40 ” cURL Extension • CURLOPT_R
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42 ” cURL Extension containing th
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44 ” cURL Extension operate unpre
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46 ” cURL Extension • The sessi
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50 ” pecl_http PECL Extension bal
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58 ” pecl_http PECL Extension );
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Chapter 6 P EAR::HTTP_Client The PH
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PEAR::HTTP_Client ” 63 • sendRe
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PEAR::HTTP_Client ” 65 • By def
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PEAR::HTTP_Client ” 67 } ?> $url
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PEAR::HTTP_Client ” 69 • http:/
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72 ” Zend_Http_Client // Another
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82 ” Rolling Y o u Own r $stream
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84 ” Rolling Y o u Own r Logic to
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86 ” Rolling Y o u Own r See RFC
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90 ” T i d y Extension direct inp
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92 ” T i d y Extension public fun
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94 ” T i d y Extension There are
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96 ” T i d y Extension Output Obt
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100 ” DOM Extension T y p of P e
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102 ” DOM Extension ties include
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104 ” DOM Extension // A slightly
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106 ” DOM Extension // Also retur
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108 ” DOM Extension • //@id add
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110 ” DOM Extension • DOM Level
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114 ” SimpleXML Extension The co
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116 ” SimpleXML Extension foreach
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118 ” SimpleXML Extension W r a
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122 ” XMLReader Extension Loading
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124 ” XMLReader Extension false o
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126 ” XMLReader Extension cate to
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Chapter 13 CSS Selector Libraries T
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CSS Selector Libraries ” 131 Abou
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CSS Selector Libraries ” 133 •
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CSS Selector Libraries ” 139 It
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Chapter 14 PCRE Extension There are
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PCRE Extension ” 145 Anchors Y o
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PCRE Extension ” 147 // Matches
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PCRE Extension ” 149 if (preg_mat
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PCRE Extension ” 151 The first wa
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PCRE Extension ” 153 • T ouse a
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T i p sand T r i c k s Chapter 15 C
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T i p s and T r i c ” k 159 s not
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T i p s and T r i c ” k 161 s W e
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A p p e n d i x A Legality of W e S
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Legality of W e b Scraping ” 167
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170 ” M u l t i p r o c e s s i n
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