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Copyright c○ 2006-2011 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part. Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever possible. Such distributed specification may be reformatted AS LONG AS the contents of the specification are not changed in any way. The specification may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as such product includes significant independent work developed by the seller. A link to the current version of this specification on the Khronos Group web-site should be included whenever possible with specification distributions. Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding this specification, including, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of any intellectual property. Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, warranties, express or implied, regarding the correctness, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and reliability of the specification. Under no circumstances will the Khronos Group, or any of its Promoters, Contributors or Members or their respective partners, officers, directors, employees, agents or representatives be liable for any damages, whether direct, indirect, special or consequential damages for lost revenues, lost profits, or otherwise, arising from or in connection with these materials. Khronos is a trademark of The Khronos Group Inc. OpenGL is a registered trademark, and OpenGL ES is a trademark, of Silicon Graphics International.
Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Formatting of the OpenGL Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 Formatting of the Compatibility Profile . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.2 Formatting of Optional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 What is the OpenGL Graphics System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Programmer’s View of OpenGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Implementor’s View of OpenGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5 Our View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.6 The Deprecation Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.7 Companion Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.7.1 OpenGL Shading Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.7.2 Window System Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 OpenGL Operation 5 2.1 OpenGL Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.1 Numeric Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.2 Fixed-Point Data Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 GL State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.1 Shared Object State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 GL Command Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 Data Conversion For State-Setting Commands . . . . . . 15 2.4 Basic GL Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5 GL Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.6 Begin/End Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.6.1 Begin and End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.6.2 Polygon Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.6.3 GL Commands within Begin / End . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.7 Vertex Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.8 Vertex Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 i
Page 1: The OpenGL R○ Graphics System: A
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS iii 2.15 Tessellation . .
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS v 3.12 Fog . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS vii A Invariance 579 A.1 R
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS ix L Version 4.2 649 L.1 N
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS xi M.3.70 BPTC texture com
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF FIGURES xiii 3.11 Example o
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF TABLES xv 3.10 UNSIGNED_SHO
Page 19 and 20: LIST OF TABLES xvii 6.29 Pixel Oper
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Introduction This documen
Page 23 and 24: 1.5. OUR VIEW 3 available to the us
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 OpenGL Operation 2.1 Open
Page 27 and 28: 2.1. OPENGL FUNDAMENTALS 7 section
Page 29 and 30: 2.1. OPENGL FUNDAMENTALS 9 must not
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Page 33 and 34: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 13 describe
Page 35 and 36: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 15 indicates
Page 37 and 38: 2.4. BASIC GL OPERATION 17 Display
Page 39 and 40: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 19 Table 2.
Page 41 and 42: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 21 Vertex C
Page 43 and 44: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 23 drawn us
Page 45 and 46: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 25 2 4 6 2
Page 47 and 48: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 27 Figure 2
Page 49 and 50: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 29 Primitiv
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2.7. VERTEX SPECIFICATION 33 This c
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2.7. VERTEX SPECIFICATION 35 void C
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2.7. VERTEX SPECIFICATION 37 • si
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 39 void VertexAt
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 41 The index par
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 43 void ArrayEle
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 45 and Primitive
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 47 not modified
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 49 if (mode is i
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 51 The command v
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 53 if (no elemen
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2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 55 format e t e
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 57 Target name
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 59 in the array
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 61 If the GL is
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 63 Name Value B
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 65 Unmapping Bu
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2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 67 binding corr
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2.11. RECTANGLES 69 void GenVertexA
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2.12. FIXED-FUNCTION VERTEX TRANSFO
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2.13. FIXED-FUNCTION VERTEX LIGHTIN
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 93 shader, its
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 95 If shader i
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 97 • One or
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 99 subsequent
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 101 Program pi
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 103 such a nam
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 105 • the in
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 107 LINK_STATU
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 109 Data type
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 111 This comma
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 113 the unifor
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 115 program is
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 117 control, t
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 119 active uni
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 121 Type Name
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 123 OpenGL Sha
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 125 For GetAct
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 127 The Unifor
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 129 void Progr
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 131 consecutiv
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 133 Uniform Bu
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 135 The number
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 137 subroutine
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 139 gram comma
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 141 recorded a
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 143 void GetTr
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 145 • If the
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 147 • the te
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 149 • The sa
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 151 The built-
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 153 results wr
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 155 a previous
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 157 • TEXTUR
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2.14. VERTEX SHADERS 159 • Data w
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2.15. TESSELLATION 161 • For each
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2.15. TESSELLATION 163 invocation m
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2.15. TESSELLATION 165 • The vari
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2.15. TESSELLATION 167 output varia
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2.15. TESSELLATION 169 Figure 2.13.
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2.15. TESSELLATION 171 Triangle Tes
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2.15. TESSELLATION 173 each triangl
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2.15. TESSELLATION 179 variables th
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2.15. TESSELLATION 181 Additionally
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2.16. GEOMETRY SHADERS 183 executed
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2.16. GEOMETRY SHADERS 185 accessed
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2.16. GEOMETRY SHADERS 187 Geometry
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2.16. GEOMETRY SHADERS 189 declared
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2.16. GEOMETRY SHADERS 191 of a cub
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2.17. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 19
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2.18. ASYNCHRONOUS QUERIES 195 The
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2.18. ASYNCHRONOUS QUERIES 197 the
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2.20. TRANSFORM FEEDBACK 199 an exi
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2.20. TRANSFORM FEEDBACK 201 BindTr
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2.20. TRANSFORM FEEDBACK 203 object
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2.20. TRANSFORM FEEDBACK 205 • by
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2.22. FLATSHADING 207 When BeginQue
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2.23. PRIMITIVE CLIPPING 209 gl_Bac
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2.23. PRIMITIVE CLIPPING 211 DEPTH_
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2.24. FINAL COLOR PROCESSING 213 2.
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2.25. CURRENT RASTER POSITION 215 R
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Chapter 3 Rasterization Rasterizati
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3.1. DISCARDING PRIMITIVES BEFORE R
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3.3. ANTIALIASING 221 In some imple
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3.4. POINTS 223 rasterization, beca
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3.4. POINTS 225 void PointParameter
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3.4. POINTS 227 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
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3.4. POINTS 229 where size is the p
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¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
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3.5. LINE SEGMENTS 233 Line Stipple
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3.5. LINE SEGMENTS 235 Figure 3.6.
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3.6. POLYGONS 237 3.6.1 Basic Polyg
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3.6. POLYGONS 239 For a polygon wit
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3.6. POLYGONS 241 3.6.5 Depth Offse
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 243 polygon r
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 245 3.7.2 The
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 247 Map Name
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 249 The color
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 251 In additi
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 253 Special f
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 255 Histogram
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¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 259 type Para
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 261 Element S
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 263 type Para
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 265 UNSIGNED_
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 267 FLOAT_32_
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 269 Conversio
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 271 For integ
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 273 Arithmeti
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 275 The inter
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 277 Border Mo
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 279 where C[i
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3.7. PIXEL RECTANGLES 281 B i and A
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¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ 3.8. BITMAPS 283
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3.10. TEXTURING 285 not be performe
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3.10. TEXTURING 287 The active text
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3.10. TEXTURING 289 FALSE is return
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3.10. TEXTURING 291 The currently b
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3.10. TEXTURING 293 The selected gr
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3.10. TEXTURING 295 might not suppo
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3.10. TEXTURING 297 exp p = max(−
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3.10. TEXTURING 299 Sized internal
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3.10. TEXTURING 301 Sized Base D S
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3.10. TEXTURING 303 When target is
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3.10. TEXTURING 305 TEXTURE_CUBE_MA
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3.10. TEXTURING 307 1.0 5.0 4 3 t v
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3.10. TEXTURING 309 Subsequent proc
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3.10. TEXTURING 311 components is c
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3.10. TEXTURING 313 result in an IN
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3.10. TEXTURING 315 storage modes c
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3.10. TEXTURING 317 • data points
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3.10. TEXTURING 319 FORMAT, and TEX
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3.10. TEXTURING 321 3.10.7 Buffer T
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3.10. TEXTURING 323 Internal format
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3.10. TEXTURING 325 Texture paramet
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3.10. TEXTURING 327 Major Axis Dire
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3.10. TEXTURING 329 bias texobj is
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3.10. TEXTURING 331 Coordinate Wrap
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3.10. TEXTURING 333 i 0 = wrap(⌊u
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3.10. TEXTURING 335 section 3.10.17
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3.10. TEXTURING 337 otherwise p =
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3.10. TEXTURING 339 level base arra
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3.10. TEXTURING 341 Effects of Samp
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3.10. TEXTURING 343 dimensional, re
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3.10. TEXTURING 345 for (i = 0; i <
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3.10. TEXTURING 347 } width = max(1
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3.10. TEXTURING 349 Texture Base Te
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3.10. TEXTURING 351 If the value of
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3.10. TEXTURING 353 SRCn_RGB OPERAN
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3.10. TEXTURING 355 Texture Compari
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3.10. TEXTURING 357 the second text
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3.10. TEXTURING 359 to image unit u
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3.10. TEXTURING 361 invalid if: •
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3.10. TEXTURING 363 Supported image
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3.10. TEXTURING 365 Texel sizes, co
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3.12. FOG 367 This factor f is comp
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3.13. FRAGMENT SHADERS 369 fragment
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3.13. FRAGMENT SHADERS 371 • Fog
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3.13. FRAGMENT SHADERS 373 version
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3.13. FRAGMENT SHADERS 375 defined
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3.13. FRAGMENT SHADERS 377 Such bin
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Chapter 4 Per-Fragment Operations a
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 381 Fr
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 383 st
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 385 pr
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 387 St
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 389 Be
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 391 dr
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 393 vo
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 395 Th
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 397 to
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4.2. WHOLE FRAMEBUFFER OPERATIONS 3
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¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
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4.3. DRAWING, READING, AND COPYING
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 425 with t
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 427 If a f
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 429 BindRe
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 431 that t
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 433 or if
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 435 The re
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 437 • th
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 439 • An
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 441 of the
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 443 Effect
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4.4. FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 445 Conver
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Chapter 5 Special Functions This ch
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5.1. EVALUATORS 449 Integers Reals
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5.1. EVALUATORS 451 The second way
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5.2. SELECTION 453 EvalCoord2(p *
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5.3. FEEDBACK 455 of each primitive
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5.4. TIMER QUERIES 457 Type coordin
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5.5. DISPLAY LISTS 459 started or s
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5.5. DISPLAY LISTS 461 SHORT, UNSIG
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5.5. DISPLAY LISTS 463 Program and
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5.7. SYNC OBJECTS AND FENCES 465 Pr
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5.7. SYNC OBJECTS AND FENCES 467 vo
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5.8. HINTS 469 Target PERSPECTIVE_C
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 471 void Get
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 473 6.1.3 En
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 475 target m
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 477 • form
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 479 When the
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 481 format N
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 483 target m
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 485 resets a
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 487 names, a
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 489 If multi
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 491 To query
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 493 If pname
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 495 If pname
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 497 is a pro
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 499 command
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 501 void Get
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 503 • If p
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 505 An INVAL
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6.2. STATE TABLES 507 the attribute
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6.2. STATE TABLES 509 Type code Exp
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6.2. STATE TABLES 511 Get value Typ
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6.2. STATE TABLES 549 Get Command I
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6.2. STATE TABLES 565 Get Command M
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6.2. STATE TABLES 567 Get Command M
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Appendix A Invariance The OpenGL sp
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A.3. INVARIANCE RULES 581 • Sciss
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A.4. TESSELLATION INVARIANCE 583
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A.5. ATOMIC COUNTER INVARIANCE 585
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Appendix B Corollaries The followin
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589 16. ColorMaterial has no effect
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C.1. RGTC COMPRESSED TEXTURE IMAGE
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C.2. BPTC COMPRESSED TEXTURE IMAGE
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Appendix D Shared Objects and Multi
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D.2. SYNC OBJECTS AND MULTIPLE CONT
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D.3. PROPAGATING CHANGES TO OBJECTS
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E.1. CORE AND COMPATIBILITY PROFILE
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E.2. DEPRECATED AND REMOVED FEATURE
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E.2. DEPRECATED AND REMOVED FEATURE
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Appendix F Version 3.0 and Before O
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F.3. CHANGED TOKENS 619 New Token N
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F.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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F.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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G.2. DEPRECATION MODEL 625 state ha
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G.4. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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Appendix H Version 3.2 OpenGL versi
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H.4. CHANGE LOG 631 New Token Name
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H.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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H.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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I.2. DEPRECATION MODEL 637 ing fact
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I.4. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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J.1. NEW FEATURES 641 • Mechanism
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J.4. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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Appendix K Version 4.1 OpenGL versi
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K.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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Appendix L Version 4.2 OpenGL versi
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L.5. CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
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Appendix M Extension Registry, Head
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 655 M.3.2 be am
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 657 M.3.13 Text
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 659 M.3.28 Open
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 661 The name st
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 663 equivalent
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 665 M.3.59 Seam
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 667 The name st
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 669 M.3.84 Tess
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M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 671 M.3.97 Cont
Page 693 and 694:
M.3. ARB EXTENSIONS 673 M.3.109 Tex
Page 695 and 696:
INDEX 675 552 ACTIVE UNIFORM BLOCKS
Page 697 and 698:
INDEX 677 BindSampler, 290, 292 Bin
Page 699 and 700:
INDEX 679 COLOR TABLE BIAS, 248, 24
Page 701 and 702:
INDEX 681 CreateProgram, 96, 463 Cr
Page 703 and 704:
INDEX 683 DrawArraysInstanced, 48,
Page 705 and 706:
INDEX 685 Flush, 463, 464, 468, 587
Page 707 and 708:
INDEX 687 GetActiveAtomicCounterBuf
Page 709 and 710:
INDEX 689 GetVertexAttribdv, 498, 4
Page 711 and 712:
INDEX 691 GL ARB viewport array, 64
Page 713 and 714:
INDEX 693 IMAGE 2D RECT, 123 IMAGE
Page 715 and 716:
INDEX 695 512-514, 516, 518-525, 53
Page 717 and 718:
INDEX 697 MapGrid1, 451 MapGrid2, 4
Page 719 and 720:
INDEX 699 MAX SERVER WAIT TIMEOUT,
Page 721 and 722:
INDEX 701 MultTransposeMatrix, 72,
Page 723 and 724:
INDEX 703 POINT SIZE GRANULARITY, 5
Page 725 and 726:
INDEX 705 Q, 78, 79, 473 QUAD STRIP
Page 727 and 728:
INDEX 707 rgb10 a2ui, 362 RGB12, 29
Page 729 and 730:
INDEX 709 SecondaryColor3, 34 Secon
Page 731 and 732:
INDEX 711 TexCoord*1*, 33 TexCoord*
Page 733 and 734:
INDEX 713 526 TEXTURE CUBE MAP POS-
Page 735 and 736:
INDEX 715 triangles adjacency, 184
Page 737 and 738:
INDEX 717 417 UNSIGNED INT 8 8 8 8,
Page 739:
INDEX 719 VertexAttribI3i, 109 Vert
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