final book.pdf

the fertile lands of the delta regions. After independence, the mighty Nagarjuna Sagar
project was taken up during 1955-1967 using Krishna waters in Circar region.
But in reality, many parts of Andhra Pradesh state lack irrigation facilities to a minimum
level of 30 per cent of its cultivable area as per norms of Planning and Famine Commissions.
In some areas, making the water available for drinking purposes has become a challenging
task. This unequal development in creating Irrigation facility till the year 2004; created
unrest and thus posing a great problem since 2 to 3 decades. Severe disparity leading in
development of irrigation development in some areas has become the main cause for
separate movements along with regions (see table-1 to understand the disparities in the
creation of irrigation potential in the State).
Reasons for Disparity in Creating Irrigation Potential within Andhra Pradesh
There are several important reasons for disparity in creating irrigation potential in the
State. Important among them are:
• Inter state water disputes on usage of Krishna water between the States of Maharashtra,
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh;
• Intra state disputes between different regions of Andhra Pradesh state;
• Dispute on assessment of assured waters, usage of dependable flows and surplus
flows over and above the estimated 75 per cent dependability;
• Adoption of well established policy based on United States law and following the
same in Krishna and Godavari water disputes Tribunal i.e. First in time, First in Right.
Non execution of Krishna - Pennar Project in early decades to benefit Rayalaseema
Region. Had it been completed the law applied on adujudication of Krishna waters by
the Tribunal (i.e. “First in Time, First in Right” would have been protected the interests
of scanty rainfall areas;
• Territorial changes taking place like formation of news state of Andhra on 1st October,
1953; and again on the 1st November, 1956 due to formation of Andhra Pradesh state.
These changes lead to many Inter and Intra state water disputes. Tungabhadra Project
a Kamadhenu to Rayalaseema is one classical example for this reason;
• Division of an Inter State river by the boundaries of several states limits the Geographic
limits of the authority of a given state; but unlike land, resources of the common river
are not subject to automatic allocation among them by the delineation of their political
frontiers. As a river is an indivisible physical unit, the reparian states are in a state of
permanent dependence upon each other. There is competition for the common river
water among the riparian states and it is, therefore necessary to coordinate their various
needs and uses and to define the limits within which a state can make use of the water
to satisfy it’s own needs. The conflict of interests of the riparian states must be resolved
by agreement, judicial decree, legislation or administrative control, so as to secure a
fair and just distribution of the water resources among the concerned states. Thus
legal aspects in harnessing of waters in new areas in Krishna Basin has become main
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