KIZUNA YOUTH PROGRAM Group D- TEAM PNG - The University ...

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KIZUNA YOUTH PROGRAM
Group D- TEAM PNG
GIBSON SIL GALA (BSC III-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & GEOGRAPHY)
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CONTENT
Kizuna Bond of FRIENDSHIP………………………………………………………………………I
Special acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………………...II
Brief History………………………………………………………………………………………………III
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….IV
Peace message…………………………………………………………………………………………….V
Restoration and recovery report………………………………………………………………..VI
Environmental Management and Carbon Emission Report…………………………VII
Waste Report………………………………………………………………………………………………VIII
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KIZUNA (BOND) FRIENDSHIP MESSAGE
On behalf of the 7 million people of Papua New Guinea and the
22 participants of KIZUNA PROJECT 2012, may I present this
report for my trip to Japan on the 1 st – 16 th of December 2012.
Firstly I would like to offer my heartfelt and salute the
government and the people of Japan on increasing the progress
and prosperity for our bond of friendship since PNGs
independence on 1975 by strengthening our ongoing bilateral
relationship and creating mutual understanding of our society
and culture by working together as a global community. I am
most humble and honoured to say ARIGATO GOZAIMASU to the
Japanese tax payers, Government of Japan and the Japanese
International Cooperation (JICE) for the arranging everything and meeting the cost
for the young Pacific Islanders to witness Japan’s road to recovery after the aftermath of
the Great East Japan Earthquake and to reveal the facts and dispel the harmful rumours
about radiation and the contamination. The relationship between our countries has
been continuing to grow. Our cooperative relationship in development partnership,
important economic partnership and treaty agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and
strong interpersonal networks have laid the cornerstone for our successful cooperation
in a wide range of fields including health services, education investment and other
infrastructure development and major environmental impact projects. There are many
to mention but let me highlight few and the major ones like the NCDC Sewerage system,
NCDC waste management project which will be opening on 2015 and 15 bridges built in
North Solomon’s Province and etc.
It also gives me this pleasure and privileged to salute the leaders of the forty-one(41)
Asia-Oceania and North America including the Government of Papua New Guinea for
coming up with the agreement to help support the government and people of Japan to
make things possible with an objective of promoting our country to understand Japans
road to recovery by allowing our young men and women to participate in the exchange
programs, visit disaster-affected areas and to bring back the knowledge to implement it
in our country and also to dispel the harmful rumours that has being spoiling Japan. I
believe the relationship and our bond of friendship between our countries will continue
to become increasingly intimate. From this bond of friendship created within Japan and
the 41 countries including PNG may I also take this opportunity to express my sincere
hope that Japan and PNG will continue to develop, in particular with the earnest efforts
of both countries. I wish our relationship will be further fostered in the coming years.
GIBSON SIL GALA – KIZUNA PARTICIPANT 2012
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Special Acknowledgments
In this report I make a special acknowledgment to the following people for their kind
support towards my trip. I would like to make a special acknowledgement to:
JICE International
Japanese Government
Member for Sohe and V/Minister for Treasury, Hon. Delilah Gore
The Gala family
USP staffs and the Regional Coordinator Sera Vada-pareti
Team PNG supervisor Mrs Garua Peni and Coordinator Satoru Kutsukake
Group D participants (Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Solomon Islands & PNG)
The lovely and kind people of Japan
People of Oro Province for Cyclone Guba Presentation.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The short-term invitation project, which represents the majority of the program,
includes a 3- night and 4-day visit to areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake
during the participants' 10-day stay in Japan. Japan International Cooperation Center
(JICE) has been selected as the organization to fully coordinate the stay in order to avoid
confusion and chaos caused by various inquiries and correspondences regarding
managerial matters made to the disaster-affected areas by numerous implementing
organizations" The Youth-Exchange Project with Asia-Oceania and North America
(Kizuna (bond) Project)" is a project run by the Japanese government with the objective
of promoting other countries' understanding with regards to Japan's road to recovery.
The project invites young people from 41 different countries/regions in Asia-Oceania
and North America, allowing them to participate in exchange programs, visit disasteraffected
areas and engage in volunteer activities. It also involves sending young people
from Japan to target countries/regions. Over 10,000 people are to become part of the
exchange through this project.
SOURCE: http://.www.jice.com
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INTROUCTION
The team PNG arrived at Narita airport on 9:45.p.m.December 1 st 2012 and travelled to
Tokyo the capital city of Japan. Tokyo is the centre of Japanese politics, economy and
culture. All the core management institutions, such as the head offices of government
departments, companies , NGO, other private entities, administrative agencies and
foreign corporations are all concentrated in the metropolitan area, while a web of road
and transportation networks converge in and around the city from different directions.
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HIROSHIMA
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum (Japans Cry for World Peace)
Japans cry for Peace began 1600s after the bombing at
8:15 a.m. August 6, 1945. Japan was one of the
superpowers in those days that the atomic bombing on
Hiroshima turned their mind from war into peace.
Hiroshima known as the city of military and education in
those days launched a campaign petitioning their
national government to provide assistant to build the
peace memorial city and resulted in Peace Memorial City
Construction Law which was stipulated that Hiroshima
will rebuild and lead the world to strive for peace. As
such the Peace Memorial Museum was established which
thousands of tourist around the world visit to pray, to do
research and also to remember the greatest tragedy in the human history. The Peace
Memorial Museum was established with the mission of:
o Conveying the realities of the damage caused by the atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima
o And to contribute to the abolition of nuclear weapons and the realization of
everlasting world peace.
Let us not reflect and remind our selves of what happened as it is a painful story that it
is an unspeakable horror of the atomic bomb experience. However what I want to
basically focus and emphasize in this part of my report is the appeal for peace to every
men and women on this planet to join hands together and fight for peace and justice. We
must reflect critically, in the clear light of objective truth, not just on the A-bomb but on
war and actions that leads to war. Only with this positive attitude of determined inquiry,
we will see a change and learn from our lessons of history. Let’s join hands as a global
community to pray and fight for peace, and also remind our government and ourselves
to stop producing nuclear weapons. Let’s be urgent of peace!
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RESTORATION AND RECOVERY REPORT
GIBSON SIL GALA (BSc III.-Environmental Science & Geography)
KIZUNA PARTICIPANT -2012
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Foreword
It has taken us two weeks of continuous presentation with the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Japanese International Cooperation Association, Yuki City authorities and the
people of Japan of the plight of the restoration in Japan.
This compiled document consists of a brief recovery and restoration report, nothing but
report of what happened straight after the Great East Japan on March 11, 2011.
I am truly thankful for the Yuki City authorities, especially the policy and planning
department, the town mayor and his deputy, the people of Japan, JICE international,
coordinators , the Kizuna Participants for providing all the information’s.
Finally, I would like to thank my Member of Parliament for Sohe Electorate, Hon. Delilah
Gore for financial assistance and the Government of Japan for opening the doors to
enabling me to meet with the higher authorities in Japan to share our experiences and
asses the aftermath of the greatest tragedy in the history of Japan
God Bless All always,
GIBSON SIL GALA
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RADIATION AND AGRICULTURE
Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, consumers in and outside of Japan have been
avoiding crops products made in Yuki City, Ibaraki Prefecture because they are from
Ibaraki, a neighbouring prefecture of Fukushima where nuclear accidents happened,
despite the fact that radioactive content has been demonstrated to be below health risk
levels. The number of tourists visiting Ibaraki has also declined drastically. Even though
the atmospheric radioactive level is below health risk levels, the very name “Ibaraki”
alienates sightseeing tourists. Thus, the economy of Ibaraki Prefecture has been hard hit.
The term “harmful rumors” refers to this kind of prejudice toward products ad people of
certain areas arising from groundless information and erroneous perceptions that
results in economic and psychological damage to the affected areas. Harmful rumours
are not just a physical harm, but it destroys the sovereignty and pride of a nation; and
the economy and creates ill feeling among the people to hate each other. It also has
serious psychological effects. In fact the government of Japan and most farmers have
expressed concerns that investment in the agriculture has being declining since the
disaster. In an effort to address the concern the government of Japan bought the young
pacific Islanders to witness the agriculture farm and test the radiation level.
These harmful rumours have also made it an issue in the world market as well as the
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). The false rumour has now
become an issue which every stake holder in Japan are making sure to dispel the
information and give the accurate information based on scientific testings.
There is also a decline in the market of the agriculture produce for most of the farmers
at Ibaraki Prefecture (Yuki City) due to the negative spill over’s from the local and
international media. After going through the radiation test at the radiation level was
lower than the normal radiation level which conclusions was made that their was no
contamination of food. The people of Yuki City, Ibaraki Prefecture are working very
hard to fight against these harmful rumors that have spread throughout Japan and
abroad. They are engaged in rent less efforts to implement many activities that promote
the charms of the area and the safety of local food. They (people) developed a platform,
aimed at improving effectiveness and efficiency in the knowledge sharing and capacity
development through the new and the existing systems which are functioning under as
operational framework. The framework is to see that farmers and the government are
working together to developing people to people understanding like the Kizuna Project
to help farmers to market and advertise their produce internationally.
Education (Schools)
Schools were destroyed and children’s educational future was disturbed. The rumour of
radiation did not even affect the students living in the affected areas. Refer to the retyped
report below.
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Health
The health services were affected little (i.e. the areas that were destroyed by disaster.
However during and after the disaster the health service was still provided. Refer to the
retyped report below.
Media
Media has its rights and privileges in responding day to day events, informing general
public on what is happening in the nation for the people’s interest. The Japanese media
and the international media has played a vital role in informing the world about the
disaster and the aftermath, however in due process, the harmful rumour about
radiation was also being published due to their own perception. As a result in the event
of Disaster Operations after the Great East Japan Earthquake, there was no control over
the release of the news from one person, the chief controller or higher authorities as
required by the laws to release news to the media. As such people reported in different
perspective by giving false scientific conclusion about the food contamination from the
radiation level.
We are in the middle of political transition and uncertainty that’s other countries use
the media to influence the world to spoil other countries as it happened in Japan.
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DEBRIS MANAGEMENT
The debris from the disaster was managed well, and recycled from the factories.
However there are still little remains from some parts of Japan.
POLITICAL SYSTEM (DECENTRALIZATION OF POWERS)
The service delivery mechanism in Japan is people centred. The decentralisation of the
government arms and the public services makes it more convenient for the government
services to reach the people at all levels. These make it easier when it comes for service
delivery during and after disaster.
Japan has an establishment of National Policies and mechanisms for each cities and
towns that makes it more convenient for the actual implementation of the service
delivery during and after disaster. All their policies and plans are aligned with the
disaster management plans. All the government Departments, NGOs and private entities
are always encouraged to integrate national and local disaster prevention and
mitigation and the disaster management plan to their development policies and plans.
They also undergo some disaster drills and course to prepare themselves for disasters.
These disaster drills are made compulsory for all stake holders (see below).
Good Governance Principles and Public and Policy Evaluation
The governance structure in Japan operates on good governance by institutionalizing
and upholding appropriate measure. This principles are essential Economic Growth. As

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such every government plan is always aligned with disaster management and
environmental management plan because the two correlate together. As we know
governance has become a popular way of describing how well or how badly our nations
are led or governed, or how our institutions, resources and people are managed. Let me
take a good picture of youths in the pacific compared to Japanese youths. Youths in the
Pacific make up 50% of the regions population and are particularly vulnerable to poor
Governance and corruption because youth numbers in the Pacific are growing and they
are chasing fewer jobs and other opportunities and their interests as a separate group
are often not a priority in Policy and Decision making because of their age and low
profile, unlike Japan Empowering Human and Integral Development is the main focus of
the government. This because of the following:
Japan’s development problems are equal to the capabilities of government
entities which do not impose a constraint on public expenditure that leads to
budget deficits.
Development programs are equal to Development Aspirations. Corruption is
not tolerated and a leader found involving in corruption is executed as
stipulated in the constitution.
Developments are equal to the programs that are being instituted
In every country, government is the major performer in development activities. The
driver of development is the Public Service. I.e. Development programs are driven by
the Public Sector. Therefore government and the public service work together to make
sure tasks are executed within the time frame set. In Japan people do their job with all
their heart and they give it to the best of their ability. They make sure to provide the fast
and effective service with honesty and integrity. Every one deserves the same respect,
i.e. from the Prime Minister to a cleaner they are all respected equally with dignity and
pride.
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RETYPE REPORT FROM PROGRM CONTENT FOR IBARAKI GROUP (COPIED)
IBARAKI PREFACTURE
Map
Nuclear power plants and industrial zones expand in the northern part of the
Ibaraki Prefacture, and a science city and new towns in the southern part.
Tsukuba City situated in the southern part of the research cities with as many as
300 research institutions and companies with about 13,000 researchers.
Ibaraki Airport was opened in March 2010. Since the Great East Japan
Earthquake in March 2011, international flights arriving in and departing from
Ibaraki Airport have continued to decrease or be cancelled.
Employment by industries
30.80%
7.50%
61.70%
Tertiary industries
Primary industries
Secondary industry
Unit: Person
Primary industry *¹ 108,019
Secondary industry *² 443,203
Tertiary industries *³ 888,58
*1: Agriculture and fisheries
*2: Manufacturing and construction, etc
*3: Commerce, finance and services, etc.
Source: Waga Machi Mura (Our Town, Our Village) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisherieshttp://www.machimura.maff.go.jp/machi/
Population (person) 2,945,505
Area (ha) 609,572
Number of elementary schools 570
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Number of elementary school children 167,945
Number of junior high schools 244
Number of Junior high school students 85,938
Number of high schools 131
Number of high school students 81,626
Number of colleges/universities 9
Number of college/university students 30,439
Number of libraries 57
Number of general hospitals 168
Source: Statistical Database by Region (2008-2010) by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications. http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/eStatTopPortal.do
Disaster Damage in Ibaraki Prefecture
1. Scale of Disaster
-Maximum seismic intensity:
6 plus; (eight municipalities, Hitachi City, Chikusei City, Kasama City,
Hitachiomiya City, Naka City, Hokota City, Omitama City, Takahagi City)
6 plus; (21 muicipalities: Mito City, Hitachinaka City, Tokai Village, Ishioka City,
Toride City, Tsukuba City, Kashima City, Tsuchiura City, Sakuragawa City, Joso
City, Hitachiota City, Kitaibaraki City, Itako City, Bando City, Inashiki City,
Kasumigaura City, Namegata City, Tsukubamiria City, Ibaraki Town, Shirosato
Town, Miho village)
2. Overview of Damage
- Overall damage: Approximately .2.5 trillion yen (as estimated in march)
- Causalities: See the table below.
Casualities Resulting from Great East Japan Earthquake
May 9, 2012 (as announced by Ibaraki Prefectural Government)
Dead (persons) Missing (persons) Severely injured
(persons)
Ibaraki Prefectural 24 1 33
total
Mito City 2 9
Ryugasaki City 1
Shimotsuma City 1
Joso City 1
Hitachiota City 1
Takahagi City 1 1
Kitaibaraki City 5 1 1
Tsukuba City 1 3
Hitachinaka City 2 2
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Kashima City 1
Namegata City 2 1
Ushiku City 1
Oarai Town 1
Tokai Village 4 1
Hitachi City 6
Ishioka City 1
Moriya City 1
Chikusei City 1
Kasumigaura City 1
Hokota City 1
Ibaraki Town 1
Tsukubamiria City 3
-Damage to residential buildings: Total destruction: 2728; partial destruction: 24,393;
minor collapse or damage:182,224; inundation above floor level 1,772; inundation
below floor level 771
3. Evacuation
Disaster shelters
Ibaraki Prefecture total 594 77,285
Northern prefecture 124 25,517
Central prefecture 182 31,697
Rokko 76 11,908
Southern prefecture 141 6,953
Western prefecture 71 1,210
Evacuees/refugees
*As of March 12, 2011
*Peak inflow of evacuees/refugees from Fukushima Prefecture: 1,865 (10 a.m. March 21, Disaster shelters: 4
prefectural & 23 municipal)
(I)
Lifeline infrastructure
Situation in immediate
aftermath of disaster
Roads:
Prefecture – managed roads closed at 133 locations
Railways:
The entire rail network was closed down on March 11, with service partially
resuming the next day (e.g. Ueno Abiko and Ayase- Toride sections of Joban Line)
Power supply:
Outages in 43 municipalities, 866,000 households affected
Water supply:
Area –wide outages in 28 municipalities and partial outages in 11 municipalities
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Progress in restoration
work
Roads:
Number of closures of prefecture –managed roads reduced to 4
(2/26)
Railways:
Service resumed throughout the Oarai-Kshima Line of Kashima Rinkai Tetsudo
railway (7/23) and the Hitachinaka Seaside Railway line (7/23)
Power supply:
Supply fully restored (3/18)
Water supply:
Supply fully restored (5/7: Kamisushi City)
(II)
Rumor fighting measures (agriculture, forestry and
fisheries)
Basic Policy
- To assist producers who are suffering from consumers reluctance
to purchase products due to baseless rumours and depressed
prices by mounting a campaign to support Ibaraki-made
agricultural products in and out-side the prefecture
- To assist efforts by JA and producers to assure consumers of
product safety through producer-direct sales
Major Efforts
- Groundless rumour eradication campaign
- Demonstration sale of agricultural products and processed foods
- Ibaraki Food Fair 2011
- Ibaraki Melon Campaign in Kobe
- “Go Ibaraki” Vegetable Marketing Campaign
- Ibaraki Autumn Harvest Festival
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Major Efforts - Measurement of atmospheric radiation doses (all
municipalities)
- Regular radiation testing for the safe and secure supply of
agricultural, forestry and fisheries products(number of
radioactive materials, screenings of agricultural, fisheries
and forest products): 191 items, 12,762 specimens (as of
January 31)
- Water quality monitoring of tap water
- Measurement of radioactive materials in a sewage slug, etc.
- Measurement of atmospheric radiation doses at prefectural
urban parks (19)
- Distribution of simple radiation measuring instruments to
municipal governments and holding of briefing sessions on
their use
- Preparation of a guide to simple decontamination
- Holding of lecture meetings o the health impact of
radiation (cohosted with municipal governments)
- Dispatch of radiation advisers
- *Measurements results are available at the prefectural
government website:
- http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/
(iv) Rumour fighting measures
Basic Policy
- To rebound from the sharp fall in tourist visits due to direct
disaster damage to tourist and accommodation facilities,
groundless rumors and some potential tourists’ self imposed
tourism moratorium as soon as possible
- To foster more attractive tourist destinations than before the
earthquake and thereby entice more tourists in cooperation with
the municipal governments and tourism organisation
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Major Efforts
- Ibaraki Around the Prefecture Tourism Promotion program
designed to provide tourism companies and others with tourism
buses on an aid in kind basis
- “Rediscover Ibaraki! Autumn Night Stay Promotion Campaign”
targeted at prefectural residents
- Holding of “Ibaraki Gourmet Festival”
- Regular publishing of Tourism Ibaraki in antique tile-engraving
style
- Tourism campaigns and product fairs in and outside the prefecture
- “Train Channel” digital sinage advertising o Yamanote, Keihin
Tohoku and other railway lines
- Targeted information delivery to foreign tourists and invitation of
overseas media organisations.
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SOURCES:
- “Chronicle of Disaster Recovery and Restoration Activities on Public
Infrastructure in Wake of Great East Japan Earthquake” by Public Works
Department, Ibaraki Prefectural Government
http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/cms/doboku/hotnews/toshis0_20120323/index.ht
ml
- “Great East Japan Earthquake and Its Aftermath (as of 9.00, may 9)”by Ibaraki
Prefectural Government
http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/importat/20110311eq/20120509_01/index.html
- Message from Ibaraki Prefectural Governor (March 30,2011)
http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/20110311eq/message.html
- Ibaraki Prefectural Government Newsletter, March 2012 Issue
http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/hibari/2012_03.html
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Yuki City
Yuki City is located on the west side of Ibaraki Prefecture and ext to the
Kanugawa River. From the city, you can view Mt. Tsukuba to the east and the
Nikko mountain range to the northwest.
A castle was built at the end of the 12 th century, and the atmosphere of the castle
town still remains in the city.
The city is known throughout the country as the home of the hand-woven textile
Yuki-tsumugi.
Employment by industries
8.80%
53.10%
38.00%
Primary Industries
Secondary Industries
Tertiary industries
(Unit: Person)
Primary industries 2411
Secondary industries 10383
Tertiary industries 14506
*1: Agriculture and fisheries, etc.
*2: Manufacturing and construction, etc
*3: Commerce, finance and services, etc.
(Source) Waga Machi Waga Mura (Our Town, Our Village) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
http://www.machimura. Maff.go.jp/machi/map/map1.html.
Population (persons) 52,460
Area (ha) 6,584
Number of elementary schools 9
Number of elementary school children 2,839
Number of junior high schools 3
Number of junior high school students 1,465
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Number of high schools 3
Number of high school students 1,365
Number of libraries 1
Number of general hospitals 2
(Source) Statistical Database by Region (2005-2007) by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and communications.
http://www.estat.go.jp/SG1/eStatTopPortal.do.
Damages Yuki City Sustained and the Ongoing
Reconstruction
On Friday, March 11, 2011 at 2:46 p.m., an earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the biggest
ever recorded in Japan, hit the country with the epicentre off SANRIKU coast. It hit
Yuyki City with an intensity of 5 upper on the Japan Meteorological Agency Scale,
causing substantial damage throughout the city. By the end of the day, the city set up a
Disaster Response Headquarters headed by the mayor, and worked hard to grasp the
extent of the damage and provide initial responses. For a few days, the city water supply
was interrupted or suffered turbidity. Nearly half of the city suffered a black out.
People’s lives were seriously inconvenienced.
The damage incurred by the city (as of March 22, 2011) included 1,161 fallen concrete
block fences, 2,849 damaged tiled roofs and many damaged house structures. The
damages extended across the city. Damaged public facilities included the City Office
building, eight elementary schools, three junior high schools, the Yuki Cultural Centre
“Across”, the Yuki Public Information Centre, Kanakubo Sports Complex (multi-purpose
gym, second gym and martial arts hall), Sewer Treatment Centre, other meeting and
community service centres and 23 city roads.
[Harmful rumors: Agriculture]
What are harmful rumours?
Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, consumers in and outside of Japan have been
avoiding crops products made in Yuki City, Ibaraki Prefecture because they are from
Ibaraki, a neighbouring prefecture of Fukushima where nuclear accidents happened,
despite the fact that radioactive content has been demonstrated to be below health risk
levels. The number of tourists visiting Ibaraki has also declined drastically. Even though
the atmospheric radioactive level is below health risk levels, the very name “Ibaraki”
alienates sightseeing tourists. Thus, the economy of Ibaraki Prefecture has been hard hit.
The term “harmful rumors” refers to this kind of prejudice toward products ad people of
certain areas arising from groundless information and erroneous perceptions that
results in economic and psychological damage to the affected areas.
The people of Yuki City, Ibaraki Prefecture are working very hard to fight against these
harmful rumors that have spread throughout Japan and abroad. They are engaged in
rent less efforts to implement many activities that promote the charms of the area and
the safety of local food.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CARBON EMMISION REPORT
GIBSON SIL GALA (BSc III) - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND GEOGRAPHY
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Introduction (Japans Commitment to Environmental Justice)
Although Japan is a well developed country in the world that is faced with traffic
congestion, pollution problems and high carbon emissions as claimed by other nations,
the dilemma has changed in this era as the nation is looking into building the worlds
confidence by fighting for environmental justice in redesigning all their factories
resilient to carbon emissions and also promoting renewable energy. The nation’s effort
was supported when they introduced the Kyoto Protocol and ratified by other nations in
the world to reduce carbon emissions. Japan is more committed with the fight of climate
change. In the recent meeting held for future climate-protection framework at Doha,
Japan took the lead to encourage the world’s two largest emitters (China and USA) to
take part in the global climate protection system that would be agreed to before 2015
and to include both developing and industrialised nations. According to Masahiko Horie
the country’s ambassadors for global environmental affairs,
Japan is acting now to pave the way for green, resources-friendly cities that will avoid
them from facing a bleak and environmentally degraded future. Japan has seen
unprecedented urban population growth but this has been accompanied by the
immense stress on the environment. The challenge they are taking now is to put in place
policies which will reverse that trend and facilitate the development of green
technology and green urbanization by encouraging all booming cities to go green. The
government is taking the responsibility to adapt policies that can encourage green
economy, green technology and green urbanization for the betterment of their future.
This part of the report is basically focusing on environmental plan and management of
the places we visited.
Shinagawa Incinerator Plant Environmental Plan and Commitment
The second principle for the Plant is redesigned and reconstructed according to Ecofriendly
Designed. According to the Shinagawa Incinerating Plant pamphlet, the plant
was designed is equipped with the latest pollution control facilities such as:
Bag filters
Gas scrubber &
DeNOx reactor
They remove airborne pollutants such as hydrogen chloride, sulphur oxides and
nitrogen oxides (see below)
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Pollution control standards
Regulated Maximum
Values
Self-imposed Maximum
Values
Particulates 0.04g/m³N 0.01g/m³N
Hydrogen Chloride
700mg/m³N
10 ppm
(430 ppm)
Sulphur oxides
369.87 m³N/day
10ppm
(regulated total emissions) (61 ppm)
Nitrogen
oxides
Regulated total
emissions
18.67 m³/N/hour 13.07 m³N/hour
(one- hour daily
average)
Regulated 250 ppm 50 ppm
concentrations
Mercury - 0.05 mg/m³N
Dioxins 0.1ng-TEQ/m³N -
Waste water 10 pg-TEQ/L -
Source: Waste Report 2012
The Environmental Measures to counter exhaust and wastewater emissions
Organic Farming
As part of the countries commitment to fighting climate change and environment
pollution, Japan encourages organic farming. Organic farming is not commonly practise
in the world but Japanese farmers at Hiroshima are applying these skills. “I love my wife
and nature” said a farmer at Hiroshima.
Tokyo Sewerage Environmental Commitment and Plan
The Sewage system plays a vital role in ensuring a safe and a pleasant environment and
in a makeup of water circulation system. It also helps to remove water from the land
surface apart from cleaning of the water. The goal of the sewerage system is to:
a. Improve the Living Environment through Sewage Treatment
b. Preventing Flooding through the rainwater drainage
c. Preservation of Water Quality of Public water bodies
d. And supplying of reclaimed water to “Seseragi”
The Management has a policy that is much friendlier to the environment. There are
three basic policies but policy 1 & 2 basically focuses on environment.
a. Policy 1: Ensuring a safe and comfortable living environment
b. Policy 2: Contribute to a hospitable and environmentally beneficial water
environment.
c. Policy 3: Provide the best service at the lowest cost
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Plan Overview
Ensure a safe and comfortable living
environment
Reconstruction of Facilities
Contribute to a hospitable and
environmentally beneficial water
environment
Global Warming Countermeasures
Flood Countermeasures
Improvement of Combined Sewer System
Advanced Treatment
Disaster Management
Use of Resources
Maximize our ability to provide responsible and economical service
“Provide the best service at the lowest cost”
Source: SEWERAGE in TOKYO (Bureau Of Sewerage Tokyo Metropolitan
Government)
o Conclusion
The environment provides goods and services that sustain human development so we
must ensure that development sustains the environment. Scientist have an independent
obligation to reveal the truth as we see and separating the truth from the fiction and
revealing the truth is very important. We have to take into consideration other people
and must not be greedy because greed is a major issue that is affecting the environment.
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WASTE REPORT
TEAM PNG- KIZUNA
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING REPORT FOR (SHINAGAWA INCINERATING PLANT)
GIBSON SIL GALA – ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND GEOGRAPHY III
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Introduction
Everyday we produce refuse in our lives. Therefore it is very important and essential
that we must minimise the generation of the refuse in general; promote the sorting of
the refuse and recycling, and treat them appropriately. The Clean Association of
TOKYO23 is a special local government body established after several debates from the
Tokyo metropolitan government and the 23 cities based on the Local Autonomy Act, to
jointly manage waste treatment. From the agreement Japan has 20 Incineration plant
operating except Nerima Incinerating Plant which is currently under renewal of the
facilities. This report will basically be looking at Shinagawa Incinerating Plant which we
visited.
Shinagawa Incineration Plant is located in Shinagawa at Tokyo and was completed in
March 2006 with a property area of approximately 47,000 m² (Type A). It has a stack
height of 90m and has been completely redesigned and reconstructed according to
three basic principles:
o Implementing eco-friendly design
o Maintaining harmony with urban planning and,
o Promoting the nations commitment to recycling.
The goal of the plant is to:
o Support the national commitment to recycling by safely and securely treating the
huge amounts of refuse that are delivered to the Plant daily and
o To use our limited resources to and energy effectively while protecting the
environment of the neighbouring community
Waste Management Administration
i. Regulations on Waste Management
Japan has waste management policy and is strictly coordinated by the Clean Association
of TOKYO23 however the control and the administration of waste collection is given to
respective 23 cities but work in collaboration for the waste processing because some
cities does not have the facilities. The policy is to be used to ensure effective
management of all forms of waste in the 23 cities. By-Laws have also being enacted by
Local Autonomy Act.
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Types of work conducted by the each of the 23 cities.
Community
Development
Social Welfare
………………………….
Disaster prevention
Industrial promotion
Waste management operation
Waste collection and
transportation, recovery of
resources, etc.
Immediate waste processing
(incineration and
pulverization), sewage
treatment, etc
Final treatment (landfill)
Managed by each of the cities
Managed by the Clean
Association of Tokyo 23
Managed by the Tokyo
metropolitan government
as consigned by the cities
and the Clean Association
of TOKYO 23
Source: Tokyo Waste Report 2012 (Towards a recycling society)
ii. Definition of Waste and its classification
A simple definition of waste would be unwanted material or any material that has
exhausted all its normal forms of functions and purpose. The Waste Management
Division has specifically classified waste within the city into six (6) main categories:
Industrial and Commercial Waste
The source of this category of waste is from Industrial, commercial premises,
construction sites, shipyards and mechanical workshops.
Domestic Waste
This category is from residential premises and constitutes about 60% of the total refuse
output (solid waste).Refuse generated from public office premises and foreign
embassies are also categorized as domestic waste.
Schools and Institutional Waste
Waste generated from all public and private run schools and institutions.
Market Waste
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Waste generated at all markets (main/mini) is categorized as Market waste. This
particular waste is in its RAW stage; materials include banana leaves, coconut husks,
barks etc that all organic and are highly biodegradable.
Village and Settlement Waste
This category of waste is from villages within the city boundaries, which are serviced by
the Municipal Authorities. Settlement waste is from settlements or shanties within the
city boundaries also.
Health Care (Medical) Waste
This particular waste is classified as hazardous due to its nature. However, despite the
nature, collection and disposal method used is crude tipping (dig, burn and cover) with
cover material.
Others
This category of waste is generated from public places such as bus stops, shopping
centers and malls, parks, recreational areas and beachfronts.
3R EXERCISE
3R is the keyword to a life of reducing waste and cherishing resources. The 3R is
referring to:
a. REDUCE- Reduce what becomes waste
b. REUSE- Use it again without disposing of it
c. RECYCLE- Recover it as a resource
WASTE MANAGEMENT SITUATION IN THE CITY
II.3.1 Waste Quantity and Characteristics
Over the years, Tokyo has gone through a period of rapid urbanization and
industrialization. This has brought about a wide range of urban environmental
problems which include escalating domestic, commercial and industrial waste out put.
With a continued population growth and high influx of people from all over the world,
the refuse out put is ever increasing, however with the increase of technology all this
waste is treated well. Nothing is a waste in Tokyo today because everything is recycled.
Amount of waste per day
The estimated amount of waste generated per day is 886g. The amount of waste
generated includes business waste.
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Waste Management Budget (FYI 2011 BUDGET)-73.31 billion yen
Revenue
0.50%
54.80%
15.60%
27.50%
1.60%
Carryover
Subsidy
Fees,electricity sales, etc
Allotments
Other
Source: Waste Report 2012- Towards a recycling society
Expenditure
7.50%
17.10%
5.40%
Public loan
Plant maintenance cost
Waste management cost
Other
70%
Source: Waste Report 2012- Towards a recycling society
Charges;
The normal waste management charges or garbage bills are systemically done through
the Clean Association of Tokyo 23 who charges bills to large size waste and business
waste for waste services that are provided by the municipal authority. However the
charges in the 23 cities are principally free for household waste.
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Waste Collection and Transportation
The Division’s Waste Removal Services within the city are conducted by city authorities
and private companies contracted to the Commission. The Clean Association of Tokyo
23 supervises the collection, transportation and disposal of all types of wastes within
and out of the city boundaries of Tokyo.
o Collection
Each city has its own schedules and designated areas for collecting waste depending o
the type of waste and conducts efficient work, and the drafting work plans that
correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste amount.
o Transportation
The method of transportation depends on each city depending on each type and
conducts transportation work.
Wastes are collected in three different categories:
1. Combustible waste
2. Incombustible waste
3. Large- size waste
Intermediate Treatment of Waste
There is intermediate treatment of waste before disposal at the plants and there is
integrated Solid Waste Management System in place, including recycling program or
hazardous waste treatment facilities. The use of the 3Rs and other treatment for waste
reduction is at its maximum because of countries legislation and policies that are in
place.
Final Disposals & Landfills
The final disposal and landfills of the garbage are at the factory where it is recycled
again.
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(Above). Dumping place in PNG. Above is Baruni dump. Open pit dump where
rubbish is dumped and not treated.
(Below).Shinegawa Incinerating Plant, the final dumping place of waste in Japan.
Generating Electricity from Waste
Japan is also joining Green Asia Global Corporation by turning the waste to energy (WTE)
through the use of modern technologies, which will help decrease waste volume, and
generate electricity as well.
Conclusion
In the view of this waste management report for Japan I wish the NCDC waste
management project initiated by the JICA will eventuate in 2015 with the full support
from Japan.
RECOMMENDATION
There is currently no intermediate treatment of waste before disposal at the
open dumps and no integrated Solid Waste Management System in place,
including recycling program or hazardous waste treatment facilities in PNG,
therefore Japanese government should give immediate assist in building this
facilities.
The use of the 3Rs and other treatment for waste reduction is at its minimal
however, Private small scale treatment facilities have only recently being
established in Port Moresby and is slowly moving to other major centers in the
country, who recycle non ferrous metals and aluminums and have also greatly
contributed to the minimization of such waste input into the dump sites.
The only method of disposal used in the urban areas and in PNG for that matter,
is crude dumping (open dumping), hence, the Japanese Government through JICE
International must give training or courses that would further enhance and
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broaden our skills and knowledge to plan and implement practical concepts and
methods in our efforts to control and minimize waste.
Recently, a project proposal has been submitted to JICA for technical assistance
in the rehabilitation of the existing open dump into a semi aerobic system in the
Capital city of
There is no integrated Solid Waste Management System in place , including
intermediate treatment like recycling program, or hazardous waste treatment
facilities, composting etc in PNG. Toxic wastes disposed off are in line with
Department of Conservation’s relevant laws and regulations. Therefore the
government of Japan should give technical advice and assist the PNG government
to draft all policies and legislations according to our enacted Acts and
constitutions.
However, major companies involved in production and distribution of toxic
waste have put in place options of disposals and treatment facilities in
accordance with Department of Environment & Conservation Laws and
Regulations.
The Japanese Government through negotiation with the PNG government should
train our young university students, especially students who are majoring in
Urban Planning and Management, Environmental Science to fully utilize the skills
in the country because the country lacks experts in this field.
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