PROGRAMME SCIENTIFIQUE - Oxygen Club of California

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OP1 A short history of the study of oxidative stress and free radicals in exercise Kelvin J. A. Davies, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, and Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California- 90089-0191. USA. In 1982 we first demonstrated, by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, that exercise can increase free radical production in muscle and liver. Our further studies showed that moderate endurance-type exercise represents a mild oxidative stress that is not experienced in short duration, high intensity (i.e. sprint-type) exercise. Interestingly, only exercise of the endurance-type elicits mitochondrial adaptive responses. Endurance-trained animals and humans exhibit marked increases in mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, sprint-type exercise training does not involve repeated mild oxidative stress and does not induce mitochondrial biogenesis, but does increase the glycolytic capacity of skeletal muscles and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (VO 2max ). These results, and others, led us to propose that adaptive responses to oxidative stress are a major stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis in endurance exercise training. We further showed that increased mitochondrial mass is largely responsible for increased endurance capacity following endurance training. Thus, we propose that free radicals, generated during the mild oxidative stress of moderate endurance exercise training, induce a series of adaptive responses in skeletal muscles that induce dramatic increases in mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, endurance exercise at extreme intensity elicits severe oxidative stress and widespread muscle oxidative damage. Such effects are similar to those seen only in the most extreme competitive endurance activities. Moderate endurance exercise training stimulates the expression of shock and stress genes (e.g. hsp70) in untrained animals and humans. Adaptive responses to long-term training include the loss of shock and stress gene expression during training sessions, and only high intensity exercise elicits a shock/stress gene response in trained individuals.
OP2 Physical exercise and oxidatively generated damage to DNA Jean Cadet, Thierry Douki and Jean-Luc Ravanat, Laboratoire "Lésions des Acides Nucléiques", INaC/SCIB, UMR-E n°3 (CEA-UJF), CEA/Grenoble, F- 38054 Grenoble, France; e-mail: jean.cadet@cea.fr It is well documented that high intensity physical exercise in humans leads to an increase, particularly in muscles, in the formation of reactive oxygen species. These include unreactive superoxide radical (O 2 •- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 that are the likely precursors of highly oxidizing hydroxyl radical ( • OH). This may be accompanied by inflammation processes giving rise to nitrogen reactive species such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite that are able to induce nitrosative and oxidative reactions with biomolecules. Detailed information at least for the reactions of • OH and one-electron oxidants with purine and pyrimidine DNA nucleobases have been gained in cells allowing the utilization of several dedicated degradation products including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) and 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6- dihydrothymine as relevant biomarkers of exposure to oxidative stress agents. Evidence has been provided in the literature that exercise induces an increase in the steady-state levels of oxidatively generated damage to DNA of circulating lymphocytes. Thus it was shown that the yields of strand breaks and 8-oxoGua that were assessed using the comet assay and a relevant modified version that requires an enzymic incubation step with formamidopyrimidine DNA N-glycosylase, a repair protein, are significantly more elevated upon completion of physical activity. It has to be pointed out that the enzymic detection of purine lesions which can be extended to oxidized pyrimidine bases using endonuclease III as the repair enzyme is more appropriate despite its lack of specificity than the highly informative HPLCtandem mass spectrometry. This is due to the fact that the latter analytical method requires a DNA isolation step that may lead to artefactual increase in the level of 8-oxoGua whose extent is inversely proportional to the amount of DNA used in the measurement. A non-invasive assay relying on the HPLC- MS/MS measurement of urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine as a potential repair product of related triphosphate derivative in the nucleotide pools has been also used to monitor the intensity of oxidative reactions upon physical exercise. However caution has to be taken for the interpretation of the data in terms of oxidative stress reactions that is not straightforward and still lacking of biological validation.
Page 1 and 2: 3 ème Symposium International Nutr
Page 3 and 4: PROGRAMME SCIENTIFIQUE SCIENTIFIC P
Page 5 and 6: l’exercice Regulation of inflamma
Page 7 and 8: 12h 15 - 13h 15 Modérateurs 13h 15
Page 9 and 10: Oral Presentations
Page 11 and 12: Vina J, Borras C, Gomez-Cabrera MC
Page 13: PL3 Micronutrients: an update on fl
Page 17 and 18: OP4 Studying the dietary modulation
Page 19 and 20: OP6 Redox regulation of loss of mus
Page 21 and 22: OP8 The consequences of physical in
Page 23 and 24: OP10 Endurance training failed to s
Page 25 and 26: OP12 Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentr
Page 27 and 28: OP14 Resveratrol regulates DDAH act
Page 29 and 30: OP16 How mitochondria protect again
Page 31 and 32: OP18 Cardioprotection and longevity
Page 33 and 34: N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatt
Page 35 and 36: OP22 Effects of diabetes and exerci
Page 37 and 38: OP24 The energy-redox axis in aging
Page 39 and 40: OP26 Caloric restriction and exerci
Page 41 and 42: OP27 Oxidized protein degradation a
Page 43 and 44: Shenkin A. Serum Prealbumin: Is It
Page 45 and 46: Posters
Page 47 and 48: The antioxidative activity of the m
Page 49 and 50: P4 Bioavailability of QH absorb, a
Page 51 and 52: Tamoxifen and raloxifen in the prot
Page 53 and 54: P8 Oxidant-antioxidant balance in n
Page 55 and 56: The antioxidant status of water ext
Page 57 and 58: P11 Lipoperoxyl radical scavenging
Page 59 and 60: Measurement of the antioxidant enzy
Page 61 and 62: P15 Using of Cyclic Voltammetry in
Page 63 and 64: P17 Oxidized nucleic acid bases as
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P19 Vitamin and mineral supplementa
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P21 Gestation, training and redox s
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P23 Effect of fermented papaya prep
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P25 Antioxidant status, hormones an
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P27 Palmitic acid stimulates nitric
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P29 New in vitro screening tools to
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P31 Cardiovascular complications an
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P33 The modality of supplementation
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P35 Farnesol-mediated chemopreventi
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P37 Anticancer activity of dendrime
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P39 Pyrroline and pyrrolidine nitro
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P41 Changes of blood platelets apop
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P43 Apoptotic effects of genistein
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P45 Cytotoxicity and apoptosis in r
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P47 High molecular weight hyalurona
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P49 Importance of the spectrofluori
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P51 Antioxidants, trace elements an
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P53 Saturated fatty acid-induced in
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P55 Chronic treatment with tocotrie
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Tobacco smoke and UV light damage o
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P59 Oxidative stress in pulmonology
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P61 Oxidative stress markers in sen
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P63 Plasma proteins are specificall
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P65 In vitro Anti-inflammatory Acti
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Author index
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Brzuskiewicz J. ...................
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Hartwich J. .......................
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Mili A.............................
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Sultan A. .........................
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Alleva Renata IRCCS Research Hospit
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Brooks George University of Califor
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Davies Kelvin J.A. University of So
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Pediatric Department Neonatal scree
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Fax: 48(42)6354573 kgwozdz@biol.uni
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Istambul TURKEY Tel: +902164144733
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Linares-Vidal Victoria Laboratory o
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Mouithys-Mickalad Ange University o
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Fax: +41 61 815 8150 daniel.raeders
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6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8
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Valacchi Giuseppe University of Sie
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