The Scottish soldier and Empire, 1854-1902 - Reenactor.ru

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Imperial Tests: Zulus, Afghans and Boers 49 Chelmsford, Frere or Disraeli. The more extreme critics even described the war as ‘an eternal blot on our national greatness and the less said about it the better’. 33 The war ended without any victorious homecomings: the 21st, 91st and the 99th remained in Africa, while the 90th moved on to India. Nor did the outcome of the war (a British withdrawal and Wolseley’s abandonment of Frere’s confederation in favour of dividing Zululand into thirteen kingdoms – an unstable arrangement that led to civil war) vindicate the aims of ‘forward’ imperialism. Scots could derive little satisfaction from this conflict. THE SECOND ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR (1878–81) In many respects the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Afghan War overshadowed the events in Zululand. It began earlier with the expiry of the British ultimatum on 20 November 1878, whereupon three separate columns invaded Afghanistan. Initially, the campaign was conducted with considerable skill and success, and in a blaze of publicity. The column of Sir Donald Stewart marched unopposed from Quetta to Kandahar; the Peshawar Field Force under Sir Sam Browne overcame resistance at the fort of Ali Masjid and proceeded through the Khyber Pass towards Jalalabad; while the Kurram Field Force under Major- General Frederick Roberts, VC, passed through the Kurram Valley and turned the Afghan regulars from their strongly held position at Peiwar Kotal (1 December). Scottish units only served under Roberts, with the right wing of the 72nd Highlanders in their red, Royal Stuart tartan trews engaged in the flanking movement at Peiwar Kotal. This wing served alongside the 5th Gurkhas in an Anglo-Indian force, with a mountain battery and four guns on elephants. Some 2,300 men undertook a night march up a difficult track, clambering over huge boulders and crossing icy streams. By early morning they surprised the Afghan regulars and drove them from their formidable position on the kotal. The Illustrated London News claimed that this ‘smart, clean and wellbehaved Highland regiment’ had demonstrated its ‘prowess’ at Peiwar ‘by the smartest bit of fighting yet seen in this Afghan War’. Among its many sketches from the front were one of the Gurkhas storming Peiwar through the dense pine woods, supported by Highlanders, and another of Highlanders dancing the ‘Tullochgorum reel before a camp bonfire’ which ‘must delight the heart of every Scotchman’. 34 By 28 December 1878 the Glasgow News contended that ‘the Afghan war is very near its end’. 35
50 The Scottish Soldier and Empire Map 3 Second Anglo-Afghan War, 1878–81 Apart from minor attacks on their lines of communication, the columns avoided major engagements thereafter: Stewart’s column occupied Kandahar, Browne’s Jalalabad, and Roberts’s settled in Ali Khel for the winter, where the other wing of the 72nd and the 92nd Highlanders in their Gordon kilts arrived in the spring of 1879. Hopes of marching on Kabul, some eighty miles distant, 36 were soon dashed by the willingness of the new Amir, Yakub Khan, to make peace at Gandamak (26 May 1879) and allow a British envoy, Major Sir Louis N. Cavagnari, to enter Kabul. Most British forces (and correspondents) then withdrew from Afghanistan, but the subsequent massacre of the envoy and his escort in Kabul on 3 September 1879
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The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 18
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The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 18
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CONTENTS List of Maps List of Figur
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FIGURES 1 The Thin Red Line 11 2
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Acknowledgements ix archivist, Wilt
Page 12 and 13: GLOSSARY ansar assegai bey commando
Page 14 and 15: 1 THE IMAGES AND SELF-IMAGE OF THE
Page 16 and 17: The Images and Self-Image of the Sc
Page 38 and 39: The Black Watch in West Africa 25 M
Page 40 and 41: The Black Watch in West Africa 27 B
Page 42 and 43: The Black Watch in West Africa 29 b
Page 44 and 45: The Black Watch in West Africa 31 p
Page 46 and 47: The Black Watch in West Africa 33 e
Page 48 and 49: The Black Watch in West Africa 35 F
Page 50 and 51: The Black Watch in West Africa 37 u
Page 52 and 53: The Black Watch in West Africa 39 t
Page 54 and 55: 3 IMPERIAL TESTS: ZULUS, AFGHANS AN
Page 56 and 57: Imperial Tests: Zulus, Afghans and
Page 80 and 81: Highlanders in Egypt 67 those of th
Page 82 and 83: Highlanders in Egypt 69 Highlanders
Page 84 and 85: Highlanders in Egypt 71 prominent i
Page 86 and 87: Highlanders in Egypt 73 Figure 4
Page 88 and 89: Highlanders in Egypt 75 modation wi
Page 90 and 91: Highlanders in Egypt 77 as ‘about
Page 92 and 93: Highlanders in Egypt 79 Sergeant-Ma
Page 94 and 95: Highlanders in Egypt 81 vindication
Page 96 and 97: Highlanders in Egypt 83 The Glasgow
Page 98 and 99: Highlanders in Egypt 85 32 ‘Honou
Page 100 and 101: Highlanders in Egypt 87 63 ‘The M
Page 102 and 103: Entering the Sudan 89 country, wher
Page 104 and 105: Entering the Sudan 91 and inconclus
Page 106 and 107: Entering the Sudan 93 embellished C
Page 108 and 109: Entering the Sudan 95 Gordon could
Page 110 and 111: Entering the Sudan 97 column, mount
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Entering the Sudan 99 exceeding his
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Entering the Sudan 101 more the fan
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Entering the Sudan 103 out for a ho
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Entering the Sudan 105 Conservative
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Entering the Sudan 107 Cause of the
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Entering the Sudan 109 50 North Bri
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6 COMMEMORATION, PROMOTION AND THE
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disease or wounds in the Egyptian c
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The Storming of Dargai Heights 115
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7 RECONQUERING THE SUDAN 1 While th
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Reconquering the Sudan 137 In these
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Reconquering the Sudan 139 The Scot
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Reconquering the Sudan 141 passing
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Reconquering the Sudan 143 large nu
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Reconquering the Sudan 145 Lison,
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Reconquering the Sudan 147 Macdonal
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Reconquering the Sudan 149 Everywhe
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Reconquering the Sudan 151 the Edin
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Reconquering the Sudan 153 19 ‘Th
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Reconquering the Sudan 155 60 ‘Th
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8 MAGERSFONTEIN AND ITS AFTERMATH 1
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Magersfontein and its Aftermath 159
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Citizen Soldiers in an Imperial War
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EPILOGUE The South African War mark
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Epilogue 205 memory in Yetholm, Kel
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Epilogue 207 ‘Flowers of the Fore
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Epilogue 209 Haldane, who believed
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Epilogue 211 organised, and best eq
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Epilogue 213 his pro-Boer colleague
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Epilogue 215 march, or, exceptional
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Epilogue 217 24 ‘The Memorial to
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BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES Argyll
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Bibliography 221 Paterson papers Ac
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Bibliography 223 Huntly Express Ill
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Bibliography 225 Cane, M., For Quee
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Bibliography 227 Hibbert, C., The G
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Bibliography 229 Miskell, L., Whatl
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Bibliography 231 Spiers, E. M., Hal
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Bibliography 233 Harvie, I., ‘The
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236 The Scottish Soldier and Empire
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