andrew of caesarea and the apocalypse in the ancient church of the ...

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-30- him to this spirited résistance, we can never know. Certainly, Andrew's commentary itself played a rôle in lessening apocalyptic expectations. In light of ail of the tragic events that befell the empire, and the quest for insight and understanding for which people hungered during those troubled times, Andrew's commentary offered a traditional, spiritual, wellthought, and rather reassuring analysis of Révélation. The effectiveness of Andrew's commentary in shaping Eastern Christian eschatological attitudes is confirmed by the numerous manuscripts which preserved the commentary, the fact that his commentary has never been superseded by any other ancient interprétation of the Book of Révélation, and by the eventual acceptance of Révélation as canonical by the Orthodox Church.
-31- Chapter 2 An Overview of the Book of Révélation in the Canon of the Eastern Church 2.1 Creating a Christian Canon 2.1.1 The Need for a Canon The process by which the Book of Révélation found a place in the New Testament canon of scripture for Eastern Christianity is obscure and complex. Although a number of books were disputed, the Apocalypse traveled a particularly bumpy road on its way to canonical status. An examination of the process by which the Apocalypse ultimately found acceptance is impossible without a rudimentary survey of the formation of the New Testament canon, at least with regard to the broad issues and movements which prompted the création of a fixed canon and shaped its ultimate form, eventually incorporating the Book of Révélation. Fundamental questions must be posed to unravel the process of canonization for the Apocalypse and by extension such questions are applicable to the entire New Testament: On what basis were certain books accepted and others rejected? What criteria were used? Did the authority of the book précède its canonization or was it recognized as authoritative because of its history or a particular quality that ultimately rendered it officially canonical? Which qualities were most important? Apostolicity? Prophecy? Spirituality? Perceived inspiration of the writer? Inspired reaction in the reader? Dogmatic importance? Orthodoxy of doctrine? Use by the community of faith? Didactic usefulness? Résonance with Christian expérience? A combination of the history of the réception of the text, the internai qualities of the text and external factors (heresy, other controversies or its acceptance by a key ecclesiastical figure) seem to hâve pushed the consensus of the Church in a particular direction for any given book. In the earliest years of the Church, no Christian writings were considered "Holy Scripture." During this period the primary method for passing on Christian tradition, especially stories and sayings of the Lord, remained oral. In fact, a préférence for oral
Page 1 and 2: EUGENIA SCARVELIS CONSTANTINOU ANDR
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT i This dissertation is a s
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD iii Révélation's shaky c
Page 7 and 8: is demonstrated on the very first o
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii This dissertat
Page 11 and 12: 2.5 The Rise of Schism and Heresy:
Page 13 and 14: 7.2 Andrew's Posterity: Translation
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Apoc
Page 17 and 18: -3- religious center of the Roman p
Page 19 and 20: -5- the sack of Jérusalem in 614 a
Page 21 and 22: -7- Drawing conclusions from silenc
Page 23 and 24: -9- Roman territory to be led by hi
Page 25 and 26: them. 31 Even though "co-celebrant"
Page 27 and 28: -13- Andrew within his jurisdiction
Page 29 and 30: -15- Determining the identity of Oi
Page 31 and 32: -17- statement with overwhelming é
Page 33 and 34: -19- were a respected ecclesiastica
Page 35 and 36: -21- comments of Oikoumenios himsel
Page 37 and 38: -23- an army in Egypt and arrived i
Page 39 and 40: -25- 1.4.3 The Chalcedonian Alterna
Page 41 and 42: -27- sprinkled throughout the comme
Page 43: -29- In the absence of Heraclius, t
Page 47 and 48: -33- shaping. While none would dare
Page 49 and 50: -35- were certainly authoritative.
Page 51 and 52: -37- influencing canonicity was whe
Page 53 and 54: -39- of Augustine and the adoption
Page 55 and 56: -41- contributed to the shape of th
Page 57 and 58: -43- view that there was a canon of
Page 59 and 60: -45- was probably typical. For him,
Page 61 and 62: -47- martyrdom, they took the posit
Page 63 and 64: -49- movement. Gnosticism "motivate
Page 65 and 66: -51- 2.4 The Second Century: Widesp
Page 67 and 68: -53- never discusses the controvers
Page 69 and 70: -55- Andrew's citation confirms eve
Page 71 and 72: -57- 2.4.6 The Martyrs of Vienne an
Page 73 and 74: -59- teaching "which the elders who
Page 75 and 76: -61- Yet for ail his confidence in
Page 77 and 78: -63- the Apocalypse of John. Furthe
Page 79 and 80: -65- During the mid-second century,
Page 81 and 82: -67- me shall corne no prophet, but
Page 83 and 84: -69- millennialist. Irenaeus descri
Page 85 and 86: -71- Most of Gaius' dialogue was lo
Page 87 and 88: -73- century we also see sermons pr
Page 89 and 90: -75- 2.6.2 Clément of Alexandria N
Page 91 and 92: -77- Rome, Origen accepted Hebrews
Page 93 and 94: -79- extensive range of opinions, i
Page 95 and 96:
-81- 2.6.4 Dionysios of Alexandria
Page 97 and 98:
-83- On the supposition that there
Page 99 and 100:
-85- produced lists of sacred Scrip
Page 101 and 102:
-87- statement supporting the early
Page 103 and 104:
-89- Finally, after delineating th
Page 105 and 106:
-91- that Eusebius' remarks reveal
Page 107 and 108:
-93- short, our présent twenty-sev
Page 109 and 110:
-95- Without doubt, it was Jerome's
Page 111 and 112:
-97- 2.7.4. 2 Didymus the Blind Did
Page 113 and 114:
-99- 2.7.5 The Cappadocians Cappado
Page 115 and 116:
-101- 2.7.6 The Antiocheans A small
Page 117 and 118:
- 103 - in the attitude of certain
Page 119 and 120:
-105- likely that his commentary gr
Page 121 and 122:
-107- council is pointed to by some
Page 123 and 124:
-109 - Many ecclesiastical writers,
Page 125 and 126:
-111 - and were published. The rise
Page 127 and 128:
-113- himself as a translater of Sc
Page 129 and 130:
-115- already predisposed. The spli
Page 131 and 132:
-117- Apocalypse. He outlines the m
Page 133 and 134:
-119- (Chester Beatty), and P from
Page 135 and 136:
-121- freely from the earliest time
Page 137 and 138:
-123- text-type out of a mixture of
Page 139 and 140:
-125- again inserted. 484 But Schmi
Page 141 and 142:
- 127- Kcti vf\q 'AjïOKa^-ÛYecoç
Page 143 and 144:
-129- Victorinus made the first eff
Page 145 and 146:
-131- with complète rejection. Una
Page 147 and 148:
-133- Bede's commentary, composed p
Page 149 and 150:
-135- actual - induced the composit
Page 151 and 152:
-137- existed. The two branches of
Page 153 and 154:
- 139 - Chapter 5 Evaluation of the
Page 155 and 156:
-141 - 5.1.2 Unexpressed Purpose an
Page 157 and 158:
-143- Andrew also does not apply th
Page 159 and 160:
-145- A very telling détail illumi
Page 161 and 162:
- 147 - any opponents, not even the
Page 163 and 164:
-149- separately. In support of thi
Page 165 and 166:
-151- with an invocation of the kin
Page 167 and 168:
-153- specifically liturgical in st
Page 169 and 170:
-155 - 4, 621 four possibilities fo
Page 171 and 172:
- 157 - Oikoumenios believed that h
Page 173 and 174:
-159- While Andrew recognizes that
Page 175 and 176:
-161- Babylon (Rev. 17) refers to a
Page 177 and 178:
-163- pipXoi)) we believe it superf
Page 179 and 180:
- 165 - the traditional belief that
Page 181 and 182:
- 167- parts by divine grâce. He c
Page 183 and 184:
- 169 - Oikoumenios acknowledged th
Page 185 and 186:
-171 - of its relationship to figur
Page 187 and 188:
-173 - demonstrates a précise unde
Page 189 and 190:
- 175 - ordered by God to be procla
Page 191 and 192:
-177- 5.6.4 Context The first examp
Page 193 and 194:
-179- or the future, (that which wa
Page 195 and 196:
-181- And ifany take thèse things
Page 197 and 198:
- 183 - His disregard for séquence
Page 199 and 200:
-185- leads Andrew to connect that
Page 201 and 202:
- 187 - 10), when the end has alrea
Page 203 and 204:
-189- Eighteen unnamed teachers or
Page 205 and 206:
-191- 9. About the identity of the
Page 207 and 208:
-193- thousand seven hundred and fo
Page 209 and 210:
-195- Chapter 6 Andrew's Theology 6
Page 211 and 212:
-197- remarks: Regarding verse 13,
Page 213 and 214:
-199- He concludes that those previ
Page 215 and 216:
-201 - example, he interprets the "
Page 217 and 218:
-203- the Apocalypse, whereas John'
Page 219 and 220:
-205- But others, Andrew included,
Page 221 and 222:
-207- humanity to die because the w
Page 223 and 224:
-209- righteous will be like "angel
Page 225 and 226:
-211- After surveying the options,
Page 227 and 228:
-213- In his comments on this point
Page 229 and 230:
-215- 6.4.4 Andrew's After-life Ima
Page 231 and 232:
-217 - Andrew considered marriage a
Page 233 and 234:
-219- The angel stood at this (alta
Page 235 and 236:
-221 - is also shown the sympathy a
Page 237 and 238:
-223- roles of the human and divine
Page 239 and 240:
-225- Andrew's repeated emphasis on
Page 241 and 242:
-227- the river of the temptations.
Page 243 and 244:
-229- compels the jaws of those who
Page 245 and 246:
-231- tormented on account ofsin, o
Page 247 and 248:
-233- But I myself hearing (of) ete
Page 249 and 250:
-235 - created an accompanying comm
Page 251 and 252:
-237- who confirm that this Révél
Page 253 and 254:
-239- Mt. Athos (d. 1028). Euthymio
Page 255 and 256:
-241- mentions the opinion that Ré
Page 257 and 258:
-243- Revelation he mentions John a
Page 259 and 260:
-245- ending in a doxology, along w
Page 261 and 262:
-247- Ambrose of Milan. WORKS CITED
Page 263 and 264:
-249- St. Augustin: Sermon on the M
Page 265 and 266:
-251 - Nicene Fathers séries, vol.
Page 267 and 268:
-253- Gregory ofNazianzus, Select O
Page 269 and 270:
-255- Homilies On Genesis. John Chr
Page 271 and 272:
-257- . Commentary on the Song ofSo
Page 273 and 274:
- 259 - . On the Apparel of Women.
Page 275 and 276:
-261 - Bacon, Benjamin. "Adhuc in C
Page 277 and 278:
-263- . "Mittheilungen ûber den ne
Page 279 and 280:
-265- Guinot, Jean-Noël. L'exégè
Page 281 and 282:
-267- Lamoreaux, John. "The Provena
Page 283 and 284:
-269- Miller, John. The Origins oft
Page 285 and 286:
-271- Stratos, Andréas. Byzantium
Page 287 and 288:
FOREWORD TO THE SECOND VOLUME This
Page 289 and 290:
111 Section 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 C
Page 291 and 292:
3 [3] Chapter 33 Section 12 Chapter
Page 293 and 294:
5 Section23 Chapter 67 Chapter 68 C
Page 295 and 296:
7 appear bold by attempting (to exp
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9 governed by grâce, and the third
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11 Out of obédience we hâve perfo
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13 dwelt on the sublime and the thi
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15 Due to the existence of many chu
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17 as servants, just as the divine
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19 also clear from the things from
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21 [17] Rev. 1:7 Behold he cornes w
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23 went out to ail the earth — de
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25 Rev. 1:14 His headandhis hair we
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27 Rev. 1:15b And his voice (was) l
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29 Rev. 1:19 - 20 Write, therefore,
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31 and patience for the faith and e
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33 wisdom, saying, It is the tree o
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35 He says, "Do not fear the tribul
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37 and second, among those who were
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39 fragrance of the spiritual myrrh
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41 Rev. 2:23b-25 And ail the church
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43 crushed under thefeet ofthe sain
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45 essence (as the Spirit). He also
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47 His kingdom is called the key of
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49 particular time, from which he p
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51 For (with respect to) actions, t
Page 341 and 342:
53 and repent. Rev. 3:19 If I love
Page 343 and 344:
55 and he will come (as) a judge, a
Page 345 and 346:
57 first, jasper meaning, as pale g
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59 And from hère is demonstrated t
Page 349 and 350:
61 mastery over the things in heave
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63 above. Rev. 4:8a And the four an
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65 CHAPTER 11 ConcerninR the Small
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67 Rev. 5:5 And one of the elders s
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69 Rev. 5:9-10 9 And they sang a ne
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71 due) glory, power, unto the âge
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73 saving arrows of Christ, having
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75 saying, "A quart ofwheatfor a de
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77 in the zénith of the persécuti
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79 Rev. 6:11 And he gave them each
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81 Some took ail thèse things to m
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83 heavenly powers feel pain over t
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85 If some hâve interpreted thèse
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87 own power and according to the a
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89 Rev. 7:6b Twelve thousandfrom th
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91 the apostolic seed, twelve times
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93 house on account of Christ, so t
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95 and those who contested as of la
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97 Blessed are those who through te
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99 the seventh seal through which i
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101 Rev. 8:5b-6 3b And there were s
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103 According to the opinion of som
Page 393 and 394:
105 corne upon men from the heavens
Page 395 and 396:
107 CHAPTER 26 Concerning the Fifth
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109 about with the enlightenment of
Page 399 and 400:
111 the five sensés and the shortn
Page 401 and 402:
113 animalism, and the fire, smoke
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115 pirates on the sea. For this re
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117 CHAPTER 29 How the Evangelist T
Page 407 and 408:
119 from the same angel, and that h
Page 409 and 410:
121 authority over the waters to tu
Page 411 and 412:
123 judgment with your servants, Fo
Page 413 and 414:
125 The time of the dead, it says,
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127 minded into spiritually minded
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129 because of the fiery angelic na
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131 For the Apostate (devil) is alw
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133 the crown of righteousness 650
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135 end. Therefore, his fall is the
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137 When, it says, the devil after
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139 CHAPTER 36 About the Beast with
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141 Rev. 13:3a,b And one ofits head
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143 SECTION 13, CHAPTER 37 About th
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145 heaven, since we hâve learned
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147 xevrô, forming the future of t
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149 Rev. 3b-5 ib No one could learn
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151 (coming) from God. He says this
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153 [152] Rev. 14:11a And the smoke
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155 because this material is precio
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157 customarily are figuratively ca
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159 différent functions, according
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161 Rev. 15:8b -16:1 And no one was
Page 451 and 452:
163 eut to pièces, and (because of
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165 [169] SECTION 17, CHAPTER 49 Ho
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167 which some hâve understood as
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169 mentioned. From thèse, it says
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171 fell, Rev. 16:19a And the great
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173 with me saying to me, "Come, I
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175 imbibing as a sweet draught, th
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177 over the nations through idolat
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179 871 not having a heart, and acc
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181 Rev. 17:12 And the ten horns th
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183 [193] Rev. 18:2-3a 2 And he cal
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185 Rev. 18:9-10 9 And the kings of
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187 unwillingly deprived of the ple
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189 The alléluia means "divine pra
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191 Jésus. Worship God. " For the
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193 watchful, providential power th
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195 Rev. 19:14 And the armies of he
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197 truth and that they return and
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199 previously, 957 as now we hâve
Page 489 and 490:
201 infer the number one thousand t
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203 manifesting God-given power aga
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205 beginning of their future punis
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207 righteous will be like angels o
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209 thèse things is rather appropr
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211 been taught by the Savior Chris
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213 your name. i0 5 Therefore, the
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215 earth passed away, and the sea
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217 CHAPTER 66 About the Things Sai
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219 promised blessings in Christ hi
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221 Rev. 21:13 From the east three
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223 The jasper material ofthe waiï
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225 Rev. 21:20b the sixth carnelian
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227 solidarity, but through greater
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229 enter there. For what associati
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231 Thèse leaves will be for heali
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divine Apostle? 1141 CHAPTER 69 233
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235 receive the wages, the glory fr
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237 Rev. 22:14 Blessed are they who
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239 Rev. 22:17b And let him who is
Page 529 and 530:
241 their magnitude, in view of the
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