Ansätze einer akteurbasierten Innovationserklärung ... - KOBRA

Correspondingly, the following features of innovation processes are not adequately recorded
in the field of empirical innovation research:
the quality of innovation activities beyond payable and/or monetarisable variables
the process nature of innovation activities, which is especially marked by the procedures
lying between input and output and, as the case may be, becomes evident in a
long incubation period for an innovative idea
the role that agent attitudes have in the innovation process, and finally
in that context, the significance of the heterogeneity of the agents for the course and
results of the innovation process.
Tab. 1: Conventional input and output indicators of innovation and their assessment
I
N
P
U
T
O
U
T
P
Innovation
expenditure
Innovation
potential
Patents
Type
R&D expenditure;
Licence fees;
Implementation costs;
Investments.
R&D staff;
Quota of academics;
Company size.
Patents applied for;
Patents granted.
Assessment
Only monetary aspects
taken into account;
No correlation with results.
Only quantification,
no qualification;
Relation between agents
unexplained.
Patent utilisation not recorded;
Patents only record codified
knowledge;
Values are branch‐specific;
Patenting strategies distort
the results.
U
T
Number of
innovations
Innovation
success
Number of product
innovations;
Number of process
innovations;
Number of other
innovations.
Share of sales with product
innovations;
Cost reduction by process
innovation;
Sales and cost effects of
other innovations.
Effect of product delimitation
and depth of production on
the number;
Conditional on differentiation
between major and minor
innovations;
Conditional on the degree of
novelty of the innovation.
Problem of the ,incubation
period‘ of innovations.
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