Literature on Air Pollution and Lichens XL

384 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 26
Lutuola & E. Nurmi, eds): 57. Helsinki: Marina Congress Center. [Abstract only.
Tabulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Mn contents in Hypogymnia, Stereocaulon, Cladonia,
Cetraria, Alectoria, Bryoria, Evemia and Usnea fromtrans-polar areas in Finland, Norway
and Russia.]
Boreham, S. (1993) Changes in the lichen flora on birch Betula pendula in northern Epping
Forest. London Naturalist 72: 25-29. [Monitoring (1987-1991) of the epiphytic flora on
170 birch tree bases in northern Epping Forest showed that Lecanora conizaeoides was
becoming less abundant, and Cladonia coniocraea and Hypogymnia physodes expanding,
although very weakly in comparison with other London woods. Acid rain rather than SO 2
now seems to be limiting lichen recolonization.]
Branquinho, C. & Brown, D.H. (1994) A method for studying the cellular location of lead
in lichens. Lichenologist 26: 83-90. [Metal cations, thiol-rich agents and some chelating
agents were ineffective in releasing extracellular-bound Pb from Cladonia ponentosa
or caused membrane damage. Disodium EDTA at pH 4-5 was an effective displacing
agent.]
Brown, M.J., Jarman, S.J. & Kantvilas, G. (1994) Conservation and reservation of nonvascular
plants in Tasmania, with special reference to lichens. Biodiversity and Conservation
3: 263-278. [Air pollution and habitat destruction are the two major threats facing lichens
in Tasmania. Although Tasmania has been spared the widespread pollution that has
modified almost all the European flora over the last 60 to 100 years, localized areas
(notably Queenstown on the West Coast) have been affected, but no pollution mapping
has been undertaken. Similarly the effects of agrochemical pollution in Tasmania have not
been studied.]
Cieslinski, S. & Faltynowicz, W. (1993) Atlas of the Geographical Distribution of Lichens in
Poland. Atlas Rozmieszczenia Geograficznego Porostow w Polsce. 1: 1-67. Krakow: W. Szafer
Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences. [Survival of Gyalecta geoica in
Poland is considered threatened primarily by habitat destruction rather than air pollution;
Parmelia submontana is endangered by both; and the strongly acidophilous species Buellia
aethalea by excessive acidification from pollution and by excessive dustfall.]
Czyzewska, K. (1988) Changes in the lichen flora influenced by the Belchatow Industrial
Region. Acta Mycologica 24: 93-100. [Before the opening of the Belchatow brown coal
mine and power station, 155 lichen species were recorded (1970-1985). Since 1985 over
1% of the lichen flora has completely disappeared and over 40% has been partially lost,
with additional 35% considered under threat.]
Czyzewska, K. (1992) The influence of industrial air pollution on forest lichens at Tomaszow
Mazowiecki Region (Central Poland). Acta Mycologica 27: 247-256. [Study of the effects
of mixed gases (SO 2 , H 2 S and CS 2 ) on 18 epiphytic and epixylic lichens on Pinus sylvestris
around a man-made fibres factory. Lecanora conizaeoides and Scoliciosporum chlorococcum
occurred within 1 km of the emission sources. Thelocarpon laureri grew on pine stumps
throughout a 10-km band of pollution translocation.]
Fahselt, D. (1993) UV absorbance by thallus extracts of umbilicate lichens. Lichenologist 25:
415-422. [UV absorbance was investigated in 11 umbilicate lichen stands with a range of
enzyme-banding patterns. Umbilicaria vellea, among the most enzymatically variable, had
the lowest absorbance, and Lasallia papulosa, least enzymatically variable, showed more
UV absorbance. Enzyme polymorphism and UV absorbance were negatively correlated.
The ozone layer is a screen against UV-C (200-280 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) but
some of these ionizing wavelengths reach earth.]
Garty, J. (1993) Lichens as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution. In Plants as Biomonitors. [For
details see Bargagli (1993).]: 193-263. [Detailed review coverage and examination of work
in this field: monitoring of atmospheric (vehicular and industrial) and substrate Pb, and
physiological effects; lichens on Fe-rich substrata and as Fe monitors, and Fe localization
in the thallus. Field/laboratory studies with lichens as monitors of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr and
Hg, followed respectively by accounts of uptake, localization and toxicity. Includes
previously unpublished work by the author: e.g. localization of Fe and other elements in
Xanthoria parietina on an iron wheel and on pecan bark; and stress-induced ethylene
production in reaction to exposure to Fe.]
Garty, J., Karary, Y., Harel, J. & Lurie, S. (1993) Temporal and spatial fluctuations of
ethylene production and concentrations of sulfur, sodium, chlorine and iron on/in the