Literature on Air Pollution and Lichens XL

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388 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 26 by rainfall, which can result in a loss of 01 to 0-7% of biomass due to polyol leaching. Thus a large proportion of gross daily production must be allocated to replenishing the lost polyol pool . . . Other stresses besides drought, e.g. air pollution, can lead to increased leaching of inorganic ions and nutrients from lichens.'] Rovinsk, F. Ya., Burtseva, L.V. & Chicheva, T.B. (1993) Heavy metals in the vegetation as indicators for the environmental pollution in the area of the former USSR. In Plants as Biomonitors. [For details see Bargagli (1993).] :507-514. [Terricolous lichens and mosses, grasses and conifer leaves were employed to assess heavy metal concentrations at 17 integrated background stations in Bulgaria, Hungary, former GDR, Poland, former USSR and Czechoslovakia. These stations are in reserves and protected areas with minimum anthropogenic impact. Presentation of 1982-1990 data on background area levels of Pb, Cd, As and Hg.] St Clair, L. & Johansen, J.R. (1993) Introduction to the Symposium on Soil Crust Communities . Great Basin Naturalist 53: 1-4. [Introduction to the Symposium, providing a contextual overview of the conference items. (See St Clair et al. 1993).] St Clair, L.L., Johansen, J.R. & Rushforth, S.R. (1993) Lichens of soil crust communities in the intermountain area of the western United States. Great Basin Naturalist S3: 5-12. [Paper presented at the Symposium on Soil Crust Communities, held at the Annual Meeting of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society in San Antonio, Texas, 1991. Soil crust communities thrived in the intermountain western US prior to the advent of modern humans, and provide 40% to 100% of ground cover. Intensive grazing over the last 150 years has caused heavy damage. Little is known about the effect of air pollutants on soil lichens, but monitoring is in progress around a toxic incinerator in central Utah. Baseline data from before operation began and later studies will show whether toxic emissions accumulate in soil and their impact. Acid precipitation studies are also needed to safeguard this resource.] Santos, P.L., Gouvea, R.C. & Dutra, I.R. (1993) Lead-210 in vegetables and soils from an area of high natural radioactivity in Brazil. Science of the Total Environment 138: 37-46. [This study of 2I0 Pb, contamination in vegetables and associated soils by natural U fallout or by processing mills at Pocos de Caldas includes brief data for 210 Pb levels in lichens (unspecified), Polytrichum and Polypodium.] Scholler, H. (1992) Flechtenkartierung im Taunus und seinen Nachbarregionen Rhein-Main- Tiefland, Mittelrhein-, Lahntal, Wetterau. Hessische Floristische Briefe 41: 49-71. [Lichen mapping in Taunus and neighbouring regions is essential for the understanding of the historical and present-day situation of the area's flora and of the role of air pollution and other anthropogenic influences. Tabulation of distribution data for over 600 species throughout the area.] Schubert, R. (1992) Stand und Entwicklung der Bioindikationsforschung in den ostlichen Landern Mitteleuropas. Hohenheimer Umwelttagung 24: 187-197. [Details and discussion of the present situation and difficulties confronting bioindication research in mid-Europe. Lists of involved research groups, of conferences held and of comprehensive works of bioindication literature dealing with the region.] Seaward, M.R.D., Henderson, A. & Earland-Bennett, P.M. (1994) Lichen floraof the West Yorkshire conurbation. Supplement 5 (1991-93). Naturalist 119: 57-60. [Increasing species diversity throughout the conurbation reflects not only falling air pollution levels, particularly SO 2 , but also the effect of nutrient enrichment and the input of records from urban commons and wasteland areas with the variety of substrata and edaphic conditions occurring there. Clarification of the area's historical flora continues through painstaking detective work in herbaria, old correspondence, etc.] Setnadi, A. & Deruelle, S. (1993) Detection de la pollution plombique a l'aide de transplants licheniques dans la region de Annaba (Algerie). [Lead pollution monitoring by transplanted lichens in the Annaba area (Algeria).] Pollution Atmospherique 35: 86-102. [Lead accumulation in Ramalina duriaei and R. farinacea transplanted from an unpolluted area to sites near three highways in Annaba showed that automobile pollution reaches 70 m from the road. Detailed histograms and tables of data. See Semadi (1989) listed in XXXIX.] Skirina, I.F. (1992) Rasprostranenie redkikh i ischezayushchikh vidovlishainikov v primorskom krae. [Distribution of rare and disappearing lichen species in the Primorye region.]
1994 <strong>Literature</strong> on air pollution and lichens—Henderson 389 Botanicheskii Zhurnal 77: 22-31. [Of 37 red data book-listed lichens 15 grow in the Primorye region. Their overall distribution and occurrence in the region is mapped and discussed.] Takala, K., Olkkonen, H. & Salminen, R. (1994) Iron content and its relations to the sulphur and titanium contents of epiphytic and terricolous lichens and pine bark in Finland. Environmental Pollution 84: 131-138. [Fe concentrations in epiphytic Hypogymnia physodes and Pseudevemia furfuracea were higher than in terricolous Cladina and Peltigera aphthosa and in pine bark for 31 Finnish sites. Fe levels in H. physodes were closely correlated with S content, reflecting Fe and S relationships in precipitation. Tabulation data on Fe, Ti and S contents and examination of interspecies differences in contents. Data on Fe in pine and birch, and in terricolous lichens were examined in relation to substrata and Finnish regional variations. The influence of Fe, S and Ti fallout in precipitation, their interrelation and origin are considered.] Terron Alfonso, A. & Barreno Rodriguez, E. (1994) Estimation of air pollution in the area of influence of the coal power station at La Robla (Leon, northwest Spain) using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators. Cryptogamie: Bryologie et Lichenologie IS: 135-151. [Bioindication of air pollution from a coal power station at La Robla using lichens on oak, poplar and pine. A 3-zonal map of pollution is presented and full tabulation of lichen distribution (69 species) on different trees at different sites is provided. Discussion of data.] Tuba, Z. & Csintalan, Z. (1993) Bioindication of road motor traffic caused heavy metal pollution by lichen transplants. In Plants as Biomonitors. [For details see Bargagli (1993).] :329-341. [An investigation of distance-dependent distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Zn and Al contents in Cladonia convoluta transplanted to busy main roadsides during winter. Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni and Al reduced rapidly with increasing distance from the road. Cd, Pb and Zn could be detected at greater distances (30-60 m) from the road. V contamination appears unrelated with distance and is not substantially due to traffic] Vagts, I., Kinder, M. & Muller, J. (1994) The effect of agrochemicals on the growth of Cladonia furcata. Lichenologist 26: 73-82. [Growth in Cladonia furcata v. racemosa was unaffected by mineral fertilizer. Organic manure promoted length of podetia. Calcium cyanamide had a lethal effect. Apart from such direct damage, agrochemicals may endanger terricolous lichens by progressive habitat eutrophication.] Van Haluwyn, C, Semadi, A., Deruelle, S. & Letrouit, M.A. (1994) La vegetation lichenique corticole de la region d'Annaba (Algerie orientale). Cryptogamie: Bryologie et Lichenologie IS: 1-21. [Includes information on growing industrial activity in the area of Annaba. Although no definite conclusions can be made on the effects of pollution in Annaba on lichens, urbanization and industrialization are influencing the flora, despite the evident lack of a lichen desert in the city centre. Behaviour of some species clearly differed from that shown by them in north-east Europe. Three categories of lichens are listed: pollution-resistant, medium-resistant, and poleophobes.] Vonarburg, C. (1993) Das Mikroklima an Standorten epiphytischer Flechten. Immissionsokologische Untersuchungen entlang eines Hohengradienten in den Zentralschweizer Voralpen. Veroffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern S: 1-123. [Epiphytic lichen growth was monitored (1989-1992) in sites in Lucerne and at three altitudes in the Rigi area, central Switzerland, as were NO 2 emissions. Lichens on isolated trees were unsuitable as ozone pollution indicators due to their dryness and insensitivity to ozone when ozone levels were high in dry, warm weather. Hence the rich lichen vegetation in areas of known high ozone pollution. In urban areas lichens in active state can interact with high concentrations of acid-forming pollutants and suffer damage. In rural areas microclimatic factors predominated over air pollutant influences. Detailed and generously illustrated presentation of data.] von der Dunk, K. (1976) Flechten: Indikatoren fur Luftverschmutzung. Unterricht Biologie 1: 38-41. [School biology classes on pollution can be made more attractive for students by using their own town or city areas as the basis for studies of lichen bioindication and air pollution. The results can be illustrated in class by projecting overlapping films that map, respectively, the town, high SO 2 and Pb concentrations, high traffic density points, and lichen zones. Overlapping films for the Erlangen area are illustrated.] von der Dunk, K. (1988) Das Dach als Lebensraum. 1. Algen und Flechten als Pioniere. Mikrokosmos 11: 226-232. [Examination of the pioneering roles of algae and lichens on
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