Atlas Final Web Version 6_14

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Where do people live? Altitude Different crops and livestock thrive at different altitudes. Altitude determines so much about rural life that it is the first thing Ethiopians tend to refer to when identifying a given area. Essentially, low elevation makes for hotter temperatures and less rainfall; higher elevations are cooler and wetter. This distinguishes the three main, traditional Ethiopian ecological/altitude divisions: the relatively hot and dry agricultural lowlands – Amh. qolla - below some 1500 meters above sea Altitude Meters above sea level < 1500 1501 - 1900 1901 - 2300 2301 - 2700 > 2700 No data Geography & Livelihoods level (m.a.s.).; the temperate middle highlands – Amh. woyna dega – between about 1500 and 2300 m.a.s., often subdivided into ‘dry’, up to about 1900 m.a.s., and ‘wet’ from 1900 to 2300 m.a.s.; and then upwards of 2300 the highlands – Amh. dega – which tend also to have the highest precipitation in addition to cool temperatures. The great majority of rural Ethiopians live in the middle-highlands and highlands. The very highest elevations, upwards of some 3500 m.a.s., are a tougher option, with very cold temperatures in season, Agro-pastoral & pastoral areas Altitude is a major determinant of livelihoods in Ethiopia because it sets out the boundaries of what can be grown or raised. Cropping areas high winds and frequent frosts – Amh. werch – after which these elevations are traditionally named. At the opposite extreme are the elevations under 1000 m.a.s in the east and south where crops may sometimes be grown, but which are mainly rangelands (Amh. bereha). These are the pastoral and agropastoral areas. 4 The Livelihoods <strong>Atlas</strong> for Ethiopia The Livelihoods Integration Unit
Rainfall (mm) < 400 401 - 700 701 - 1000 1001 - 1300 > 1300 No data Rainfall Rainfall Altitude is the most obvious factor in rainfall volume, but this is not an exact association. The seasonality, length and regularity of rains varies greatly by longitude and latitude. The west of the country is generally better-favored with rainfall from year to year than the east, so that, for instance, the mountain areas of eastern Oromia (Arsi-Bale) receive less rainfall than the middle-highlands of western Oromia or even the lowlands which characterize Benishangul Region. There is also a marked north/ Rainfall determines not just what can be grown or raised, but how productive different livelihood zones can be. Agro-pastoral & pastoral areas south contrast. In the far north the single main rainy season is notably shorter than further south, and annual precipitation is less: the middle-highlands of Tigray Region are considerably drier than, for instance, the middle-highlands of western Amhara or of Harerge in the far east of Oromia; and the bimodal belg/kremt (short rains/long rains) pattern is most pronounced in the southern Cropping areas half of the country, giving more rainy months in all. (See the Seasonality & Livelihoods section for more on rainfall patterns.) Geography & Livelihoods Outright drought has been largely a phenomenon of the eastern half of the country in the last half-century. But it is the far more frequent, though less dramatic, rainfall irregularities in this half of the country that have continued to threaten food security amongst both cultivators and herders. The Livelihoods <strong>Atlas</strong> for Ethiopia The Livelihoods Integration Unit 5
Page 1: Government of Ethiopia: Disaster Ri
Page 4 and 5: Contents The Livelihoods Atlas for
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements USAID provided the
Page 8 and 9: Introduction iv The Livelihoods Atl
Page 10 and 11: and agropastoralists, limited popul
Page 13 and 14: Geography and Livelihoods There are
Page 15: Topography and Drainage Topography
Page 19 and 20: Altitude Livelihood Zones of Ethiop
Page 21: The Livelihoods Atlas for Ethiopia
Page 24 and 25: Can someone please explain the rain
Page 26 and 27: How do rainfall patterns translate
Page 28 and 29: What does it mean when the ‘belg
Page 30 and 31: Do all people have the same hunger
Page 32 and 33: When should seasonal assessments oc
Page 35 and 36: Crop Production and Livelihoods The
Page 37 and 38: What dominates people’s economy?
Page 39 and 40: What do people grow for sale? The m
Page 41 and 42: Sorghum, maize, and/or millet Wheat
Page 43 and 44: Belg season sweet potatoes In highl
Page 45 and 46: Where people cultivate all their la
Page 47 and 48: How do the poor cope with their sho
Page 49: The Livelihoods Atlas for Ethiopia
Page 52 and 53: Which livestock do people have? Cat
Page 54 and 55: How many livestock do households ha
Page 56 and 57: Where is the dependence on livestoc
Page 58 and 59: What do livestock mean for food pur
Page 60 and 61: How important are different livesto
Page 63 and 64: Pastoralist Livelihoods Although th
Page 65 and 66: How much of the population is pasto
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Are all herders the same? Dominant
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Total cash income Very poor and poo
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What are the most important cash so
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Pastoralists manage risks season on
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Which areas of the country are the
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What variations in wealth do we see
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How skewed is the distribution of w
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The Market and Livelihoods Cash and
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How much do different households de
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What proportion of household income
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Annual cash income from labor sales
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Two areas stand out where poorer ho
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What proportion of household income
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The Livelihoods Atlas for Ethiopia
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What role do environmental products
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What role do environmental products
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Diet Although the databases that th
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Annual kilocalories from teff Perce
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What is the cost of living in rural
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What do people spend on production?
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What do people spend on ‘social s
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Where do people pay for water? It i
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Hazards, Coping Strategies and Live
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The most important hazard (as perce
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Flooding Crop pests/disease Livesto
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The most important coping strategy
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The importance of individual coping
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AFAR REGION Annex 1: The Livelihood
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OROMIA REGION (WESTERN) Code ACH AD
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SOUTHERN NATIONS, NATIONALITIES & P
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BENISHANGUL GUMUZ & GAMBELLA REGION
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SOMALI REGION Annex 1: The Liveliho
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Annex 2: Monitoring Livelihoods Sea
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Enset Meher pulses Meher root crops
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Goat sales Honey sales Millk & butt
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Government of Ethiopia: Disaster Ri
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