Critical Issues for Chrome-free Pretreatment of Aluminium Alloys
Critical Issues for Chrome-free Pretreatment of Aluminium Alloys
Critical Issues for Chrome-free Pretreatment of Aluminium Alloys
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<strong>Critical</strong> <strong>Issues</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Chrome</strong>-<strong>free</strong> <strong>Pretreatment</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Aluminium</strong> <strong>Alloys</strong><br />
Acid cleaning: Increased FFC <strong>for</strong> heavily cleaned samples<br />
Mildly Cleaned Optimally cleaned “Over” cleaned<br />
Al<br />
O<br />
Cu<br />
Intensity [arb. units]<br />
Intensity [arb. units]<br />
Intensity [arb. units]<br />
0 2 4 6<br />
Time [sec.]<br />
0 2 4 6<br />
Time [sec.]<br />
0 2 4 6<br />
Time [sec.]<br />
International Conference on Environmental friendly <strong>Pretreatment</strong>s fo <strong>Aluminium</strong> and other Metals, Oslo, Norway, June 16-18, 2004
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