Whole Manual - Michigan State University: Integrated Pest ...

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BACTERIAL SPOT Bacterial spot can affect the leaf (top) and the fruit (bottom). Pathogen type: bacterium (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) Disease symptoms: Small, dark, greasy-looking spots develop on leaves and stems. On green fruit, small, dark, raised spots occur and may be surrounded by watersoaked margins. Spots enlarge up to 1/4 inch in diameter and are brown and scabby. Environmental conditions favoring disease: Abundant rainfall and high humidity are requirements for spread and infection. Maximum growth of the bacteria is associated with temperatures between 75 and 86 degrees F. The bacteria can be carried on the surface of the seed and may overwinter in the soil in association with roots of nonhosts. Penetration of plant tissue occurs through wounds caused by broken plant hairs, insects, and windblown sand and soil. Control strategies: ■ Plant disease-free seed and transplants or chemically treated seed. ■ Practice a three-year crop rotation with nonsusceptible hosts. ■ Control solanaceous weeds, such as black nightshade. ■ Apply copper-based fungicide. Vegetable Crop <strong>Pest</strong> Management 77 Chapter 7
C 7 H A P TER Review Questions Chapter 7: Disease Management 6. Draw a picture of the disease triangle and label its three parts. Write the answers to the following questions and then check your answers with those in the back of the manual. 1. Which of the following can cause a non-infectious disease? A. Drought B. Insects C. Viruses D. Bacteria 2. An organism that causes disease is a: A. Parasitoid. B. Predator. C. Pathogen. D. Parasite. 7. By changing an environmental factor such as soil moisture, you can influence plant diseases. A. True B. False 8. List the four basic steps of the disease cycle. 3. Infectious plant diseases can be spread from diseased plants to healthy plants. A. True B. False 4. Which of the following is a living microscopic onecelled organism? A. Virus B. Fungus C. Bacterium D. Fruiting body 5. Which of the following uses spores to reproduce? A. Virus B. Bacterium C. Fungus D. Nematode 9. A plant pathogen that is dispersed by wind to unaffected plants is said to move by: A. Active movement. B. Passive movement. 10. The source of a plant pathogen that causes a disease is called a(n): A. Infection. B. Parasite. C. Inoculum. D. Host. Chapter 7 78 Vegetable Crop <strong>Pest</strong> Management
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Vegetable Crop Pest Management A Gu
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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General Vegetable Insect Pests . .
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vi Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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accurately written records of field
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Ladybird beetle adults and larvae c
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Phytotoxicity—when a pesticide da
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19. How are tolerance and pesticide
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Always: ■ Select pesticides label
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■ Select the least hazardous pest
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C 2 H A P TER Review Questions Chap
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16 Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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Hydraulic Sprayers Water is most of
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Nozzles Nozzles are important to co
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C 3 H A P TER Review Questions Chap
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24. Granular applicators are design
Page 33 and 34: will not double the flow rate - you
Page 35 and 36: 6. The average output of the nozzle
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Page 41 and 42: stages. Larvae and adults are often
Page 43 and 44: down into the crown and eventually
Page 45 and 46: INSECT PESTS OF CUCURBITS (CUCUMBER
Page 47 and 48: CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) Ca
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Page 51 and 52: ■ Natural enemies such as ground
Page 53 and 54: educed yields. They feed on a wide
Page 55 and 56: C 5 H A P TER Write the answers to
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 5 50 Vegetable Crop Pest Ma
Page 59 and 60: BIENNIAL Biennials complete their g
Page 61 and 62: Advantages of preemergence applicat
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Page 65 and 66: BACTERIA Bacteria are very small, m
Page 67 and 68: DISEASE MANAGEMENT Options for dise
Page 69 and 70: Outbreaks occur first as isolated p
Page 71 and 72: FUSARIUM YELLOWS Environmental cond
Page 73 and 74: Pathogen type: fungus (Peronospora
Page 75 and 76: MOSAIC VIRUSES POWDERY MILDEW Cucum
Page 77 and 78: DOWNY MILDEW SMUT Severe downy mild
Page 79 and 80: humidity. The disease is more likel
Page 81 and 82: BLACK SCURF/STEM CANKER DISEASES OF
Page 83: ■ Remove or destroy crop residue
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Page 89 and 90: PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES Plant-par
Page 91 and 92: depending on age. Males are worm-li
Page 93 and 94: Needle nematode feeding can result
Page 95 and 96: 7. Which female nematodes, of those
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 4 Calibration (1) Calibrati
Page 99 and 100: APPENDIX C GLOSSARY ABDOMINAL PROLE
Page 101 and 102: DERMAL TOXICITY—The ability of a
Page 103 and 104: MESOTHORAX—The second segment of
Page 105 and 106: STOMACH POISON—A pesticide that m
Page 107 and 108: Notes 100
Page 109: MICHIGAN STATE U N I V E R S I T Y
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