Whole Manual - Michigan State University: Integrated Pest ...

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APPENDIX A ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1 Integrated Pest Management (1) Integrated pest management is a planned pest control program that combines control strategies to keep the pest population below economically damaging levels and to avoid adverse effects to humans, wildlife, and the environment. (2) Cultural control—examples: host-plant resistance, maintaining healthy plants, changing the timing of harvest or planting, cultivation, field management, water management. Biological control—examples: pathogens, parasitoids, predators. Chemical control—examples: insecticide, herbicide, fungicide. (3) Economic threshold – the number of pests (pest density) that requires a control action to prevent the pest population from increasing and causing economic damage. (4) B. (5) D. (6) C. (7) Cultural controls work by preventing the pest from colonizing the crop or commodity, creating adverse conditions that reduce survival of the pest, and reducing the impact of injury by the pest. (8) A. (9) C. (10) B. (11) A. (12) B. (13) C. (14) B. (15) A. (16) A. (17) B. (18) B. (19) Tolerance is the amount of acceptable pesticide residue permitted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on a harvested crop. (20) D. (21) A. (22) B. (23) C. (24) B. (25) D. (26) C. (27) A. Chapter 2. Minimizing Pesticide Impact (1) A. (2) A supplemental label is any information from the manufacturer about how to use the product. Examples: special local needs labels (24c), emergency exemption labels (section 18), and use information issued by the manufacturer. (3) B. (4) C. (5) D. (6) A. (7) B. (8) D. (9) B. (10)B. (11) Any five of the following are correct: use integrated pest management, consider the geology of the area, carefully select pesticides that are not likely to leach, follow pesticide label directions, calibrate your equipment, measure accurately, avoid back-siphoning, consider weather conditions at the time of application, mix on an impervious pad, properly dispose of all pesticide wastes, and store pesticides away from water sources. (12) C. (13) B. (14) A. (15) B. (16) A. (17) B. (18) B. (19) A. (20) 1. A map of all areas where pesticide applications occur. 2. A list of pesticide-sensitive sites near an application area. 3. Pesticide label and mandated restrictions. 4. Information for persons in sensitive areas on the type of pesticide used, the method of application, and the applicator’s plan to minimize pesticide drift. Chapter 3 Application Equipment (1) D. (2) The method of a pesticide application is influenced by target pest, the site of application, the available application equipment, and the cost and efficiency of alternative control methods. (3) A. (4) A. (5) D. (6) C. (7) B. (8) A. (9) B. (10) B. (11) C. (12) C. (13) B. (14) A. (15) A pressure regulator controls the pressure in the spray system and therefore the amount of spray material delivered by the nozzles. (16) C. (17) A. (18) B. (19) B. (20) D. (21) 1. Check the spray system for leaks and drips by filling the tank with water and pressurizing the system. 2. Check the nozzles and strainers, making sure they are all the same type and are clean. 3. Measure the distance between the nozzle tip and the target and adjust, if necessary. (22) B. (23) C. (24) B. (25) Global positioning systems and geographical information systems help map fields and increase the accuracy of pesticide applications. Vegetable Crop Pest Management 89 Appendix A
Chapter 4 Calibration (1) Calibration of various systems is important because each system is a unique combination of pumps, nozzles, and other equipment. (2) A. (3) B. (4) C. (5) C. (6) B. (7) D. (8) A. (9) C. (10) B. (11) A. (12) A. (13) D. (14) D. (15) B. (16) C. (17) A. (18) C. Chapter 5 Insect Management (1) D. (2) A. (3) Metamorphosis is defined as the change in shape or form of an animal. An insect is said to under go metamorphosis when it changes from the larval to pupal to adult life stage. (4) A. (5) A. (6) C. (7) B. (8) B. (9) C. (10) B. (11) A. (12) It is important to understand an insect’s life cycle for pest management because each life stage is managed differently on the basis of its food source and habitat. (13) B. (14) A. (15) D. (16) C. (17) E. (18) B. (19) C. (20) D. (21) D. (22) B. (23) A. (24) B. (25) A. (26) B. (27) C. (28) A. (29) D. (30) B. (31) B. (32) A. Chapter 6 Weed Management (1) A weed is a plant growing where it is not wanted. (2) B. (3) B. (4) C. (5) D. (6) A. (7) B. (8) A. (9) A. (10) Advantages—base herbicide selection on weeds present; soil type and moisture do not affect herbicide activity. Disadvantages—greater risk of crop injury; should not be applied to wet foliage; time the application for effective control; weather may delay time of application. (11) B. (12) A. (13) B. (14) A. (15) A herbicide adjuvant is any substance that is added to a herbicide to enhance its effectiveness. (16) B. Chapter 7 Disease Management (1) A. (2) C. (3) A. (4) C. (5) C. (6) PLANT DISEASE TRIANGLE PATHOGEN HOST ENVIRONMENT (7) A. (8) 1. Production of inoculum. 3. Spread of inoculum. 4. Infection. 5. Pathogen survival between susceptible crops. (9) B. (10) C. (11) C. (12) D. (13) B. (14) C. (15) A. (16) A. (17) C. (18) D. (19) C. (20) A. (21) B. (22) D. (23) C. (24) C. (25) A. (26) C. (27) D. (28) B. (29) A. (30) D. (31) A. (32) B. (33) A. (34) C. (35) B. (36) D. (37) A. Chapter 8 Nematode Management (1) B. (2) B. (3) A. (4) C. (5) C. (6) B. (7) C. (8) D. (9) B. (10) C. Appendix A 90 Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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Vegetable Crop Pest Management A Gu
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Acknowledgements We would like to e
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General Vegetable Insect Pests . .
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vi Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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accurately written records of field
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Ladybird beetle adults and larvae c
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Phytotoxicity—when a pesticide da
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19. How are tolerance and pesticide
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Always: ■ Select pesticides label
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■ Select the least hazardous pest
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C 2 H A P TER Review Questions Chap
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16 Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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Hydraulic Sprayers Water is most of
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Nozzles Nozzles are important to co
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24. Granular applicators are design
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will not double the flow rate - you
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6. The average output of the nozzle
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32 Vegetable Crop Pest Management
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stages. Larvae and adults are often
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down into the crown and eventually
Page 45 and 46: INSECT PESTS OF CUCURBITS (CUCUMBER
Page 47 and 48: CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) Ca
Page 49 and 50: Damage: First-generation European c
Page 51 and 52: ■ Natural enemies such as ground
Page 53 and 54: educed yields. They feed on a wide
Page 55 and 56: C 5 H A P TER Write the answers to
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 5 50 Vegetable Crop Pest Ma
Page 59 and 60: BIENNIAL Biennials complete their g
Page 61 and 62: Advantages of preemergence applicat
Page 63 and 64: 9. Which of the following is true o
Page 65 and 66: BACTERIA Bacteria are very small, m
Page 67 and 68: DISEASE MANAGEMENT Options for dise
Page 69 and 70: Outbreaks occur first as isolated p
Page 71 and 72: FUSARIUM YELLOWS Environmental cond
Page 73 and 74: Pathogen type: fungus (Peronospora
Page 75 and 76: MOSAIC VIRUSES POWDERY MILDEW Cucum
Page 77 and 78: DOWNY MILDEW SMUT Severe downy mild
Page 79 and 80: humidity. The disease is more likel
Page 81 and 82: BLACK SCURF/STEM CANKER DISEASES OF
Page 83 and 84: ■ Remove or destroy crop residue
Page 85 and 86: C 7 H A P TER Review Questions Chap
Page 87 and 88: 26-29. Match the following cucurbit
Page 89 and 90: PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES Plant-par
Page 91 and 92: depending on age. Males are worm-li
Page 93 and 94: Needle nematode feeding can result
Page 95: 7. Which female nematodes, of those
Page 99 and 100: APPENDIX C GLOSSARY ABDOMINAL PROLE
Page 101 and 102: DERMAL TOXICITY—The ability of a
Page 103 and 104: MESOTHORAX—The second segment of
Page 105 and 106: STOMACH POISON—A pesticide that m
Page 107 and 108: Notes 100
Page 109: MICHIGAN STATE U N I V E R S I T Y
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