Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting Best Practices Guide - International ...

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Figure 5: WASH Manual & Toolkit IRD Zimbabwe developed the Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Training Manual and Toolkit for Schools with roof-top RWH systems as a tool for teachers at schools benefiting from the program to educate their students on the usage and care of the system, and for improved hygiene practices. Similar training tools can be developed for other projects. Available from: www.ird.org/uploads/Rainwater_Harvesting_-_School_Manual.pdf Student WASH training at rural schools in Zimbabwe This engenders a step away from dependency, and towards empowering the community to manage the roof-top RWH systems, to form solutions, and even to improve on certain aspects of roof-top RWH technologies in their communities. 11 4.5.1. Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Planning and Training ɇɇ Assess beneficiaries’ ability to maintain the system, and create appropriate training plan ɇɇ Set up responsibility structure for the roof-top RWH systems. This will vary depending on the beneficiary, i.e., household, community or institution. ɇɇ During planning process set up maintenance plan and provide appropriate training ɇɇ Train someone to undertake routine maintenance. This should include management of the day-to-day operation of the water point, and how to repair any relatively small problems with the system. ɇɇ Communities must follow all technical recommendations and plan a budget to cover maintenance. ɇɇ It is important to train all beneficiaries on operation and maintenance, however extracting water from the system should be limited to specific individuals who have received specialized O&M training. 4.5.2. Planned Maintenance and Management ɇɇ Create a plan and schedule for cleaning roof and tank. The schedule needs to accommodate rainfall patterns. ɇɇ Plan for regular water quality testing, and to monitor any water loss. ɇɇ Create a monitoring sheet to record inputs and outputs, along with dates. ɇɇ Identify the person to be trained to manage the management system. 4.5.3. WASH Training Devise appropriate training curriculum or methods, including developing manuals and charts to cover materials provided in trainings. These may differ at various levels as follows: Household: ɇɇ Educate household on water treatment and testing options, and let households choose the method they prefer. ɇɇ Train on how to manage the resource (this is important to ensure water availability through dry spells, and also considering that many household beneficiaries share water with neighbours for example). ɇɇ There are several household level training methodologies that can be used in conjunction 18 Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting Best Practices Guide
with the installation of a roof-top RWH system. For example, PHHP (participatory health and hygiene promotion) advances beyond PHAST (participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation), and is more focused more on households. Institutions/schools: Schools offer a conducive environment to train large volumes of beneficiaries including students and members of the wider community. Methods for training at schools may include: ɇɇ Participatory health and hygiene promotion (PHHP) ɇɇ Schools offer opportunity to make use of available toolkits and curriculums. In collaboration with education authorities, these can be adapted to incorporate missing content where the need is identified. Community: It is important to identify existing water management structures, organizations or health clubs within the benefitting community. Once responsibility structures for roof-top RWH systems at the community level are established, these can guide the selection of target groups for community WASH trainings. Health clubs, local clinics and other community centres (including church-based groups) should be trained on the various WASH issues. WASH objectives included improving water management capacity, resilience to catastrophe through training, and access to new sources of water. Key issues for WASH training include: ɇɇ Importance of latrine usage: this can be emphasised through the Community Led Total Sanitation methodology (CLTS). This community mobilization methodology works to eliminate open defecation by facilitating self-appraisals by the community, and encouraging them to take action to eliminate the practice. 12 ɇɇ Health and hygiene issues including hand washing and water treatment methods. ɇɇ Contingency planning for disaster preparedness. ɇɇ Community mapping of resources: water management is important. Identifying existing water resources should be a community-led process. ɇɇ Solid waste management ɇɇ Separation of water sources accessed for human vs. animal consumption. 4.6. Monitoring and Evaluating Develop a baseline with indicators that can be monitored, reported on and evaluated. These are formed in relation to the specific goals of the project. Examples of such indicators are outlined below. Water Supply Indicators: ɇɇ Distances to water points before and after the project intervention; ɇɇ Time spent collecting water. This can reflect the impact of an intervention on those responsible for water management at the household level. 13 ɇɇ Access to water by the ill or disabled ɇɇ What source does the water come from? ɇɇ Safety for drinking – quality of water. Health indicators: ɇɇ Incidence of waterborne diseases; data available from numerous sources, e.g. hospitals, clinics and schools (using school absence of students and staff). Diseases to track may include cholera, typhoid, and bilharzias. Figure 6: Examples of Monitoring Indicators ɇɇ Percentage of water points with 0 bacteria coliforms, e-coli ɇɇ Number and percentage of water points with residual chlorine levels exceeding 0.2 mg/L ɇɇ Percentage of beneficiaries practicing good hand-washing techniques ɇɇ Percentage of beneficiaries demonstrating correct usage and storage of water ɇɇ Percentage reduction in diarrheal incidence among students ɇɇ Percentage increase water usage of target population in liters per person per day ɇ ɇ Number of people with access to rehabilitated/established water points Percentage increase in water usage/availability for beneficiaries Roof-Top Rainwater Harvesting Best Practices Guide 19
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Page 5 and 6: 1 Introduction As the global popula
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Page 25 and 26: 5 Replicability Factors The applica

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