Cover - Train Lighting - Indian Railways Institute of Electrical ...

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1.3 END-ON-GENERATION Rakes of Rajdhani / Shatabdi express trains having heavy load of air-conditioned coaches, pantry cars with electrically operated cooking appliances, use Diesel Generating Sets housed in coaches known as Power cars to meet the load. Normally 2 power cars, one on either side of rake, generate power at 750 V AC or 415 V AC, 3 phase, 50 cycles. All the coaches of power cars are interconnected with each other through couplers consisting of switchgear flexible cables. Power cars have control panel consisting of switchgear arid protective relays, The power at 750 V/ 415 V is stepped down to 110 V AC for lighting and fan load in the coaches. A schematic layout of power car for end-on- generation is shown at Figure 1.3 . FIG. 1.3 GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LIGHTING 5
2.0 INTRODUCT1ON 2. D.C. DYNAMOS / BRUSHLESS ALTERNATORS & DRIVES D.C Dynamos, 32 V used earlier, have been replaced by brushless alternators driven from axle through ’V’ belts. No new D.C. dynamos are being procured and old dynamos have been phased out. However for academic purposes the DC Dynamo is being discussed. 2.1. D.C. DYNAMO 2.1.1 The D.C. dynamo used for train lighting is shunt wound, reversible and totally enclosed. When connected to a battery, the generators have inherent self regulating properties due to the utilization of armature reaction through the medium of a third brush and the arrangement of part of the shunt field connected to obtain a. decreasing strength with rising speed. An additional shunt field is connected across the main brushes tending lo improve the characteristics of the generator. The output of the generator is thus at its maximum at low speeds and drops at high speeds making the generator fit for both slow and last trains. In effect, the battery charge in ampere hours over a given period of time is the same for either type of service. Fig.4 shows the assembly and Fig. 5 shows internal connections. 2.1.2 The following types of old dynamos were in use in the Indian Railways. a) Tonum IR 29 S dynamos 60 A capacity. b) Beni dynamos 60 A capacity. c) Tonum IR 29 L, dynamos 100 A capacity. d) Tonum IR 32 L dynamos 120 A capacity. 2.1.3 Output Adjuster : This is variable resistance provided in the body of the dynamo with suitable enclosure to provide easy access and adjustment. The output of the generator will depend upon the strength of the 'B' field circuit while the nature of the characteristic will either be ‘flat’ or "drooping", depending on the resistance of the 'A' field circuit. In ‘Tonum’ generators, the output adjuster resistance is designed to get the output at live positions, from 60 to 100 A in steps of 10 A in the case of IR 29 L dynamos and from 72 to 120 A in steps of 12 A in the case of IR 32 L dynamos A fixed resistance (PSR, 0.55 ohms) is included in 'A' field circuit which also forms part of output adjuster resistance. ‘Beni’ dynamos are also provided with separate resistances for 'A' and ‘B' field circuits. While the function of 'B' field resistance is the same as in the case of ‘Tonum’ generators, the resistance in the 'A' field is provided with three separate settings viz. ‘drooping’ ‘medium’ and ‘flat’ and after the slope of the characteristic curve after the full output is reached. The ‘B’ field resistance is calibrated in terms of the percentage output of the dynamo from 70 to 100% in steps of 10%. GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LIGHTING 6
Page 2 and 3: PREFACE The book of “General Serv
Page 4 and 5: 1. SYSTEMS OF TRAIN LIGHTING 1.0 Tr
Page 6 and 7: Fig. 1.1 MID-ON-GENERATION In this
Page 10 and 11: Fig. 4 GAUGE FOR ALIGNMENT OF DYNAM
Page 12 and 13: HMTD Engineering CGL (Crompton Grea
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 7 Flux Density Distribution Cu
Page 16 and 17: GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LIGHTING 1
Page 18 and 19: amplifier. This enables magnetic am
Page 20 and 21: The schematic diagram of electrical
Page 22 and 23: FIG 12 Principle of operation The b
Page 24 and 25: Alternator data Output voltage Curr
Page 26 and 27: e sufficient to cause conduction of
Page 28 and 29: FIG. 14 GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LI
Page 30 and 31: FIG. 16 GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LI
Page 32 and 33: • Moulded Hall sensors for curren
Page 34 and 35: Setting : Normal : 124V +/- 0.5 V a
Page 36 and 37: (iv) STATIC OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
Page 38 and 39: Note: • Emergency field extension
Page 40 and 41: DO’S : DON’TS : 1. Connect all
Page 42 and 43: 3.6 TROUBLE SHOOTING INSTRUCTIONS F
Page 44 and 45: 4. Battery current limit. 5. OVP is
Page 46 and 47: 4. BATTERIES 4.0 Conventional Lead
Page 48 and 49: The nominal voltage of a lead acid
Page 50 and 51: 4.4.9 The rating assigned to the ce
Page 52 and 53: purpose. Check up correct polarity
Page 54 and 55: 15. Record individual voltage of ce
Page 56 and 57: TABLE - II RELEVANT DATA FOR INITIA
Page 58 and 59:
ody and result in leakages in servi
Page 60 and 61:
Sulphate resulting in the negative
Page 62 and 63:
Construction of VRLA Cell 1. Termin
Page 64 and 65:
5.7 MAINTENANCE The aim in maintena
Page 66 and 67:
5.12 The commutator surface should
Page 68 and 69:
send defective fan to shop for atte
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magnets by sinking them further ins
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a. Ceiling light fittings in I, II&
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c) Replace switch covers and Rise c
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7. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 7.1 SCHEDU
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In case the gap between two halves
Page 80 and 81:
Do not change generator pulleys as
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8. Check for loose connection in ba
Page 84 and 85:
K) REFRIGERATORS: 1. Check up DC co
Page 86 and 87:
9. Unit Exchange Spares (UES) shoul
Page 88 and 89:
GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LIGHTING 8
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To reduce with number of power cars
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iv) Over speed The high water tempe
Page 94 and 95:
9.0 INTRODUCTION 9. MID - ON - GENE
Page 96 and 97:
9.3 LOAD CALCULATION FOR MOG RAKE :
Page 98 and 99:
FORMATION KW AMPS SLR 1.6 7.6 7.6 7
Page 100 and 101:
10. FIRE HAZARDS 10.1: Excessive cu
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(ii) Insulation resistance under fa
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Sr. No. 1 Circuit Positive/ Negativ
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following fire retardant paints are
Page 108 and 109:
8, Fan and Regulator +ve -ve 9. Lam
Page 110 and 111:
(SHEET-1) TROUBLE SHOOTING INSTRUCT
Page 112 and 113:
(SHEET III) ANNEXURE III If fault i
Page 114:
GENERAL SERVICES : TRAIN LIGHTING 1
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