1910s Timeline - John Innes Centre

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1940s <strong>Timeline</strong> Page 32 of 91
1940 Plans for evacuation and permanent relocation In October 1940 the Council approves C D Darlington’s plans for the temporary evacuation of JIHI in an emergency. To minimise the expense of removal Darlington suggests that it would be desirable to select a site that will also be suitable as a permanent home. With Daniel Hall’s help Darlington has begun to explore the possibility of moving the JIHI to Waterperry House, a stately home and estate lying in a loop of the River Thames, seven miles east of Oxford. The house, the property of Magdalen College, Oxford, is in use as a Horticultural School for training girls in practical gardening. Early in 1941 negotiations for taking over the lease of Waterperry break down. The reduction in staff due to war work removes the urgency of finding new accommodation and plans for a new and larger site for the Institution are postponed until after the war. 1940 War measures and food production Three of the scientific staff, J. R. Price (biochemist), H. N. Barber and H. G. Callan (cytologists), are engaged in temporary technical work for the Government. Dr G. H. Beale (geneticist) is in the army. All of the student gardeners and three of the permanent garden staff are in the armed forces. These men are partly replaced by four junior students, who are later replaced by women gardeners. The garden staff overall has been reduced from 33 to 22. This depleted workforce also has Air Raid Protection duties and regular fire watching to carry out. The reduced labour available means the usual work of the Institution is no longer possible. However, the laborious genetic experiments have been largely replaced by research on food crops, including onions, tomatoes, leeks, carrots, beet and cabbages. In the greenhouses M. B. Crane supervises a programme of tomato and cucumber seed production to supply the seed firm Messrs Carter and Sons. The Institution also begins to cultivate species of drug plants in co-operation with the Therapeutic Requirements Committee of the Medical Research Council, in particular, strains of Digitalis purpurea for the production of ‘digitalin’. Audio-clip from Harrison’s interview with Dan Lewis explaining why cucumber production was important during the war (to miners)! 1940s JIHI seedling fruit tested at ‘fruit out-stations’ The Institution’s first fruit outstation (in Godstone, Surrey) was arranged by A D Hall in 1931. By 1940 JIHI has twelve stations distributed in seven counties for testing the seedling fruits that result from JIHI’s fruit breeding work (apples, blackberries, cherries, plums, strawberries and pears) on an approximate total of 10 acres. All of this space is given to the JIHI rent and cultivation free. War has significantly changed the nature of the trials. For example, the 1000 seedling pear trees planted in February 1941 at the Lord Wandsworth Agricultural College, Long Sutton, Hampshire receive no spraying programme for disease control, nor any pruning, manuring or other cultivations after 1943 owing to war-time difficulties. These conditions, though accidental, provide Page 33 of 91
Page 1 and 2: 1910s Timeline
Page 3 and 4: 1911 The student gardener scheme be
Page 5 and 6: 1915 A new artist for JIHI After Mu
Page 7 and 8: 1920s Nucleic acid found in chromos
Page 9 and 10: 1922 T. H. Morgan demonstrates his
Page 11 and 12: 1924 Bateson visits Scandinavia and
Page 13 and 14: that colour ‘breaking’ was due
Page 15 and 16: Darlington deprecated the ‘intell
Page 17 and 18: 1930 The first ‘John Innes’ fru
Page 19 and 20: 1930s C D Darlington elucidates cyt
Page 21 and 22: 1931 John Innes Gardeners’ Associ
Page 23 and 24: 1932-33 C D Darlington visits Ameri
Page 25 and 26: possible to analyse whole plant fam
Page 27 and 28: 1935 JIHI obtains its first grant f
Page 29 and 30: 1937 T Dobzhansky publishes Genetic
Page 31: his seventy-fifth birthday by some
Page 35 and 36: advantage of data from more than on
Page 37 and 38: polygenes Mather concludes: ‘What
Page 39 and 40: Streptomyces genetics will form a m
Page 41 and 42: clarify the chemical nature of gene
Page 43 and 44: 1946 JIHI becomes a grantaided stat
Page 45 and 46: 1947 Advanced horticultural trainin
Page 47 and 48: 1948 Angus Bateman studies promiscu
Page 49 and 50: 1950s Timeline Page 49 of 91
Page 51 and 52: operation of JIHI’s new controlle
Page 53 and 54: for powdery mildew resistance, was
Page 55 and 56: chemist Linus Pauling, an expert in
Page 57 and 58: 1954 A new John Innes compost devel
Page 59 and 60: work of JIHI cytologists as Brian S
Page 61 and 62: are made in 1958: N. Sunderland, J.
Page 63 and 64: 1957-59 JI genetics begins to take
Page 65 and 66: 1958-59 JIHI Council debates future
Page 67 and 68: 1960 John Innes Jubilee The John In
Page 69 and 70: transferring applied work to its ot
Page 71 and 72: This phenomenon of great biological
Page 73 and 74: Harris’s subsequent research on c
Page 75 and 76: DNA). These junctions have been fou
Page 77 and 78: discussed in the House of Commons,
Page 79 and 80: inorganic chemist, was chosen to di
Page 81 and 82: 1967 Roy Markham appointed Director
Page 83 and 84:
collaboration with Giuseppe Sermont
Page 85 and 86:
By 1969 they are able to present th
Page 87 and 88:
1970s 1970 - A new virology departm
Page 89 and 90:
Professor M D Gale’s research on
Page 91:
Professor Phil Dale (plant genetics
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1910s Timeline - John Innes Centre

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