1910s Timeline - John Innes Centre

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1921 Bateson addresses the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Toronto ‘Evolutionary Faith and Modern Doubts’ In December 1921 William Bateson gives a plenary address to the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting at Toronto. Press reports misrepresent Bateson’s comments on evolution as lending support to the campaign against teaching evolution in state schools. Bateson views the campaign as ‘a terrible example of the way in which truth can be perverted by the ignorant’. In a second lecture to the Zoology section of the meeting titled ‘The outlook of genetics’, Bateson pays homage to T. H. Morgan’s work and announces his partial conversion to chromosome theory but withholds his assent to what he calls the ‘many extensions’ of chromosome theory, including linkage theory. He is en route to visit Morgan’s lab in person and other plant and animal breeding centres in the USA including Cold Spring Harbor, Bussey Institution (Boston), Wistar Institute, and the universities of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), Cornell (Ithaca), Michigan (Ann Arbor) and Yale. See also A. G. Cock on Bateson’s two Toronto: http://jhered.oxfordjournals.or g/cgi/reprint/80/2/91.pdf http://jhered.oxfordjournals.or g/cgi/reprint/80/2/96.pdf 1921 Bateson visits T. H. Morgan’s laboratory in New York William Bateson visits T. H. Morgan at Columbia University in New York in December. He spends a week there in laboratory sessions and at Morgan’s home and accepts the principal points of the chromosome theory of heredity. Bateson was glad that he had visited Morgan and his team to see the cytological work for himself: ‘I was drifting into an untenable position which would soon have become ridiculous’. On his return to JIHI Bateson promotes the study of cytology by appointing W. C. F. Newton 1922 R. C. Punnett’s work supports the chromosome theory Bateson’s former collaborator R. C. Punnett publishes a comprehensive analysis of the sweet pea in the Journal of Genetics. The result of his important investigation is consistent with the chromosome theory of linkage. R.C Punnett Page 8 of 91
1922 T. H. Morgan demonstrates his Drosophila work in England T. H. Morgan and his Drosophila team come to London. William Bateson arranges for the London branch of Spencer microscopes to lend them as many modern microscopes as they need for their demonstrations at the Royal Society and at the annual meeting of the Genetical Society which is held at JIHI in June. Here Morgan and A. H. Sturtevant demonstrate the brilliant work of the Drosophila school aided by hat-boxes filled with Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. This was one of the most important and successful early meetings of the Genetical Society: ‘The enthralled audience [of 120 +] had no difficulty in recognising how greatly Drosophila had contributed to the advancement of genetics… to us it seemed that the vinegar fly was to be regarded as one of the most important immigrants to enter the United States- probably with the bananas from South- East Asia’ (Crew, 1969). At the meeting Bateson’s longtime collaborator R. C. Punnett made a ‘handsome’ retraction of the doubts he had entertained concerning the identification of the chromosome with the physical mechanism of Mendelian heredity but Bateson continued to doubt aspects of the theory until his death. See also: F.A. E. Crew, ‘Recollections of the early days of the genetical society’, in The Genetical Society- the first fifty years edited by <strong>John</strong> Jinks. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1969, pp. 9-15 A. G. Cock, ‘William Bateson’s rejection and eventual acceptance of chromosome theory’, Annals of Science, 40 (1983): 19-59 Donald Forsdyke, ‘Bateson’s enemies after 1926: William Coleman’: http://post.queensu.ca/~forsdy ke/bateson3.htm 1923 C D Darlington joins JIHI After a probationary period in the ‘Ladies lab’ with Caroline Pellew and Dorothea de Winton, Cyril Dean Darlington is given an ‘out-of-date second-hand microscope’ and begins cytological research with W C F Newton. Audio-clip from B Harrison’s interview with C D Darlington describing the circumstances of his arrival at JIHI From Newton he learns extreme scepticism of all past cytological work, and particularly of the work of British cytologists, <strong>John</strong> Bretland Farmer, Lettice Digby and Reginald Ruggles Gates. Page 9 of 91
Page 1 and 2: 1910s Timeline
Page 3 and 4: 1911 The student gardener scheme be
Page 5 and 6: 1915 A new artist for JIHI After Mu
Page 7: 1920s Nucleic acid found in chromos
Page 11 and 12: 1924 Bateson visits Scandinavia and
Page 13 and 14: that colour ‘breaking’ was due
Page 15 and 16: Darlington deprecated the ‘intell
Page 17 and 18: 1930 The first ‘John Innes’ fru
Page 19 and 20: 1930s C D Darlington elucidates cyt
Page 21 and 22: 1931 John Innes Gardeners’ Associ
Page 23 and 24: 1932-33 C D Darlington visits Ameri
Page 25 and 26: possible to analyse whole plant fam
Page 27 and 28: 1935 JIHI obtains its first grant f
Page 29 and 30: 1937 T Dobzhansky publishes Genetic
Page 31 and 32: his seventy-fifth birthday by some
Page 33 and 34: 1940 Plans for evacuation and perma
Page 35 and 36: advantage of data from more than on
Page 37 and 38: polygenes Mather concludes: ‘What
Page 39 and 40: Streptomyces genetics will form a m
Page 41 and 42: clarify the chemical nature of gene
Page 43 and 44: 1946 JIHI becomes a grantaided stat
Page 45 and 46: 1947 Advanced horticultural trainin
Page 47 and 48: 1948 Angus Bateman studies promiscu
Page 49 and 50: 1950s Timeline Page 49 of 91
Page 51 and 52: operation of JIHI’s new controlle
Page 53 and 54: for powdery mildew resistance, was
Page 55 and 56: chemist Linus Pauling, an expert in
Page 57 and 58: 1954 A new John Innes compost devel
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work of JIHI cytologists as Brian S
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are made in 1958: N. Sunderland, J.
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1957-59 JI genetics begins to take
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1958-59 JIHI Council debates future
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1960 John Innes Jubilee The John In
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transferring applied work to its ot
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This phenomenon of great biological
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Harris’s subsequent research on c
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DNA). These junctions have been fou
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discussed in the House of Commons,
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inorganic chemist, was chosen to di
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1967 Roy Markham appointed Director
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collaboration with Giuseppe Sermont
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By 1969 they are able to present th
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1970s 1970 - A new virology departm
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Professor M D Gale’s research on
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Professor Phil Dale (plant genetics
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1910s Timeline - John Innes Centre

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