Comprehensive Site Development Plan ... - City of Kelowna

Avocets at Glenmore Landfill
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islands would depend on the water level at any given time but should generally be 3 m wide, to
reduce the amount of area exposed out of the water, and maximize the foraging area in shallow
water. A shallow 35 m periphery zone would surround the island ridges and would have
incorporated into it a deep-water moat of ~ 1.5 m depth and 5-10 m width. Overall depth of
water would be 5-17 cm.
This design is not the only possible design, however. Clusters of shorter islands could work just
as well as the proposed island ridges, or ridges that are not as continuous could work as well.
However, the Tulare Lake Drainage District (1996) found that long island ridges did work very
successfully as avocet nesting habitat. This design would also depend on relatively fine control
of water levels. Other designs would be necessary if fine control of water levels is not possible
while maintaining high alkalinity.
4. Literature Cited
Ambrozy, Samantha. 1999. Water chemistry preferences for habitat of American Avocet in
British Columbia. Report prepared under auspices of Deep River Science Academy,
Okanagan University College for Central Okanagan Naturalists Club, Kelowna, British
Columbia.
Campbell, R.W. 1972. The American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) in British Columbia.
Syesis 5:173-178.
Campbell, R.W., N.K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J.M. Cooper, G.W. Kaiser and M.C.E.
McNall. 1990. The birds of British Columbia. Volume 2. Royal British Columbia
Museum, Victoria, BC and Canadian Wildlife Service, Delta, BC.
Cannings, R.A., R.J. Cannings and S.G. Cannings. 1987. Birds of the Okanagan valley, British
Columbia. Royal BC Museum, Victoria, BC.
Cooper, J.M. 1983. Recent occurrences of the American Avocet in British Columbia. Murrelet
64: 47-48.
Fraser, D.F., W.L. Harper, S.G. Cannings and J.M. Cooper. 1999. Rare birds of British Columbia.
Wildlife Branch and Resource Inventory Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands and
Parks, Victoria. 244 pp.
Gebauer, M. 2000. Status of the American Avocet in British Columbia. Wildlife Branch, B.C.
Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria, B.C.
Girard, O. and P. Yesou. 1991. Developpement spatial d’une colonie d’avocettes (Recurvirostra
americana). Gibier Faune Sauvage Vol. 8 Mars 1991: 31-42.
Giroux, J.F. 1985. Nest sites and superclutches of American avocets on artificial islands.
Canadian J. Zool. 63:1302-1305.
Kondla, N. G., and H. W. Pinel. 1978. Clutch size of the American Avocet in the prairie
provinces. Blue Jay 36: 150-153.
MacNeil, Christina. 1999. Abundance and types of potential invertebrate prey of American
Avocet in British Columbia. Report prepared under auspices of Deep River Science
Academy, Okanagan University College for Central Okanagan Naturalists Club, Kelowna,
British Columbia.
Manning, Cooper and Associates