CEE 4674 Airport Planning and Design Geometric Design I ...
CEE 4674 Airport Planning and Design Geometric Design I ...
CEE 4674 Airport Planning and Design Geometric Design I ...
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<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong><br />
<strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>Design</strong> I<br />
Addendum 1<br />
Dr. Antonio A. Trani<br />
Professor of Civil Engineering<br />
Virginia Polytechnic Institute <strong>and</strong> State University<br />
February 25, 2009<br />
Blacksburg, Virginia<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
1
Organization of this Presentation<br />
• <strong>Geometric</strong> design st<strong>and</strong>ards for runway exits<br />
• Examples<br />
• <strong>Design</strong> rationale for taxiways <strong>and</strong> taxilanes<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
2
<strong>Geometric</strong> design St<strong>and</strong>ards for Runway Exits<br />
• Sources:<br />
• FAA AC 5300-13 (Chapter 3)<br />
• ICAO Aerodrome Manual Volumes 1 <strong>and</strong> 2<br />
• <strong>Design</strong> principle:<br />
• Provide ample space for aircraft to maneuver out of the<br />
runway<br />
• Make the runway exits easily identifyable<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
3
Right-Angle Exits<br />
• Baseline centerline radius is 250 feet<br />
• Pavement edge radius varies according to runway width<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
4
Sample Implementation (ATL)<br />
Runway!<br />
(150 feet wide)!<br />
R = 250 feet!<br />
90 degree!<br />
Runway Exit!<br />
Source: Google Earth!<br />
Parallel Taxiway!<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
5
45 Degree Angle Runway Exit<br />
• Nominal 800 feet centerline radius<br />
• 600 feet pavement edge radius<br />
• Old design – FAA has dropped diagram from AC 5300-13<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
6
Issues with 45 Degree Runway Exits<br />
• Narrow width at tangency point (only 40 feet)<br />
• Only useful for busy general aviation airports<br />
• Since the FAA has dropped discussion of this design in<br />
the latest releases of the AC 5300-13 the geometry should<br />
be use with caution<br />
• The 30 degree st<strong>and</strong>ard design seems to be favored in case<br />
peak operations exceed 30 per hour<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
7
Acute Angle or High-Speed Runway Exit<br />
30 Degree (Old St<strong>and</strong>ard)<br />
• Nominal 1800 feet centerline radius<br />
• 1600 feet pavement edge radius<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
8
Acute Angle or High-Speed Runway Exit<br />
30 Degree (New <strong>Design</strong>)<br />
• Nominal 1400 feet centerline spiral<br />
• Can use the FAA computer program AD42.exe<br />
application for design (companion computer program to<br />
AC 5300-13)<br />
• See example on page 48-1 in Chapter 4 of AC 5300-13<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
9
Specification of a High-Speed Runway Exit<br />
• x-y coordinates of centerline<br />
• Left <strong>and</strong> right offset distances from the centerline<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
10
Specification of High-Speed Runway Exit<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
11
Example in AC 5300-13<br />
(see page 48-1 in FAA AC 5300-13)<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
12
Example Problem in AC 5300-13<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
13
Example Problem in AC 5300-13<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
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Explanation<br />
• The intersection angle is negative (-30 degrees) so this<br />
turn is to the left<br />
• The offsets (both right <strong>and</strong> left) decrease as a function of<br />
station length to make the transition the runway exit width<br />
from 150 to 75 feet<br />
• The centerline angle increases from zero at the start of the<br />
runway exit point to 30 degrees as required by the<br />
geometry<br />
• The steering angle provides a measure of how much effort<br />
is required by the nose gear to keep with the centerline<br />
geometry<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
15
Example Implementation (ATL)<br />
30 Degree Angle Runway Exit<br />
800 feet radius!<br />
250 feet radius !<br />
reverse geometry!<br />
1400 foot spiral!<br />
Runway!<br />
(150 feet wide)!<br />
Source: Google Earth!<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
Parallel Taxiway!<br />
16
Issues with 30 Degree Runway Exits<br />
• The FAA recommends a minimum runway-taxiway<br />
separation of 600 feet for High-Speed runway exits<br />
• Some airport have used 30 degree runway exits with down<br />
to 400 feet (avoid!)<br />
• The result is low exits speeds <strong>and</strong> possible issues with<br />
busting hold lines<br />
• Be careful <strong>and</strong> try to provide the minimum 600 foot<br />
recommended distance<br />
• Limited pilot visibility while crossing active runways<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
17
Sample Limited Visibility on High-Speed<br />
Runway Exit<br />
Final turning angle at hold line = 30 degrees!<br />
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18
Example of Limited Visibility due to<br />
Short Runway-Taxiway Distance<br />
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Airbus A340-600 Visibility from Cockpit<br />
Source: Airbus!<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
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Example of Limited Visibility Driven by Hold<br />
Line Location<br />
• Before the aircraft nose reaches the hold line, the<br />
aircraft wingtip violates the hold line distance!<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
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Taxiway-Taxiway Junctions<br />
• For dimensions consult FAA 150/5300-13 Table 4-2<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
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Table 4-2 in AC 5300-13<br />
Taxiway Fillet Dimensions<br />
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Taxiway-Taxiway Junctions<br />
• Sample solution shown for ADG VI<br />
• For other groups consult FAA 150/5300-13 Table 4-2<br />
<strong>CEE</strong> <strong>4674</strong> – <strong>Airport</strong> <strong>Planning</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Design</strong> (copyright A. Trani)!<br />
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Sample Junction<br />
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