Reactions of Half-Sandwich Ethene Complexes of Rhodium(I ...
Reactions of Half-Sandwich Ethene Complexes of Rhodium(I ...
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Article<br />
pubs.acs.org/Organometallics<br />
<strong>Reactions</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Half</strong>-<strong>Sandwich</strong> <strong>Ethene</strong> <strong>Complexes</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rhodium</strong>(I) toward<br />
Iodoperfluorocarbons: Perfluoro-alkylation or -arylation <strong>of</strong><br />
Coordinated <strong>Ethene</strong> versus Oxidative Addition †<br />
Juan Gil-Rubio,* Juan Guerrero-Leal, María Blaya, and JoséVicente<br />
Grupo de Química Organometaĺica, Departamento de Química Inorgańica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia,<br />
E-30071 Murcia, Spain<br />
Delia Bautista<br />
SAI, Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain<br />
Peter G. Jones<br />
Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universitaẗ Braunschweig, Postfach 3329, 38023 Braunschweig,<br />
Germany<br />
*S Supporting Information<br />
ABSTRACT: Perfluoroalkylation or perfluoroarylation <strong>of</strong> coordinated<br />
ethene takes place when complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]or[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] react with IR F ,to<br />
give complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 R F )(μ-I)] 2 (R F =CF(CF 3 ) 2<br />
(1a), CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 (1b), or C(CF 3 ) 3 (1c)) and [(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
IRh(μ-I) 2 Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 R F )] (2a−c), or [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(CH 2 CH 2 R F )I(PR 3 )] (R = Me, R F = CF(CF 3 ) 2 (3a), C(CF 3 ) 3 (3c), C 6 F 5 (3d); R = Ph, R F =CF(CF 3 ) 2 (3a′), CF 2 C 6 F 5 (3e′)),<br />
respectively. Bridge splitting reactions <strong>of</strong> 1a, 1b, or1c with phosphines afford complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 R F )I(PR 3 )] (3a, 3a′,<br />
3c; R F = CF(CF 3 ) 2 ,R= i Pr (3a″); R F = CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 ,R=Me(3b), Ph (3b′)). In contrast, oxidative addition dominates over<br />
addition to ethene in the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with IR F (R F =CF 2 C 6 F 5 , n C 3 F 7 , n C 4 F 9 ,CFCF 2 )andinthe<br />
reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with I n C 4 F 9 , affording complexes <strong>of</strong> the type [Rh(η 5 -C 5 R 5 )(R F )I(PMe 3 )] (4e−h and 5,<br />
respectively). The reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 gives a mixture <strong>of</strong> cis- andtrans-octafluoro-2-<br />
butene as the main fluoroorganic reaction product. Evidence for the intermediacy <strong>of</strong> R F − anions in these reactions has been obtained.<br />
3a′ reactswithAgOTf(OTf=O 3 SCF 3 ) and XyNC or CO to give complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(CNXy)(PPh 3 )]OTf<br />
(6) or[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){C(O)CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(CO)(PPh 3 )]OTf (7), respectively. Complex [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(py)(PMe 3 )]BF 4 (8) was<br />
obtained either by reaction <strong>of</strong> (1) [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with [I(py) 2 ]BF 4 or (2) [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )] with AgBF 4 and<br />
py. The crystal structures <strong>of</strong> 1a, 1b, 3c, 4g, 7, and8 have been determined.<br />
■ INTRODUCTION<br />
Despite the notable advances recently made in the field <strong>of</strong><br />
metal-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation <strong>of</strong> organic substrates, 1−3<br />
processes involving perfluoroalkyl metal complexes as intermediates<br />
remain a challenge, because <strong>of</strong> the reluctance <strong>of</strong> these<br />
complexes to undergo typical C−C bond formation reactions,<br />
such as reductive elimination or insertion <strong>of</strong> unsaturated<br />
molecules into the M−C bond. 4−10 Alternatively, some metal<br />
complexes are effective initiators <strong>of</strong> free radical perfluoroalkylations,<br />
11−16 but the selectivity <strong>of</strong> these reactions is difficult to<br />
control. 11,13,17 In this context, the direct perfluoroalkylation<br />
<strong>of</strong> a substrate coordinated to a metal is <strong>of</strong> potential interest, 18<br />
since it provides a way to the selective formation <strong>of</strong> C−<br />
perfluoroalkyl bonds avoiding the intermediacy <strong>of</strong> stable<br />
metal perfluoroalkyls.<br />
Perfluoroiodocarbons usually react with complexes <strong>of</strong> the<br />
type [M(η 5 -C 5 R 5 )L 2 ] (M = Co, Rh or Ir; R = H or Me; L = CO<br />
or PF 3 ) by oxidative addition to give complexes [M(η 5 -C 5 R 5 )I-<br />
(R F )L], where R F is a perfluorinated alkyl, aryl, or benzyl<br />
group. 19−31 However, reactions involving perfluoroalkylation<br />
<strong>of</strong> ligands have been observed in a few cases (Scheme 1). For<br />
instance, clean perfluoroalkylation at the η 5 -Cp ring was<br />
observed in the reactions <strong>of</strong> [M(η 5 -Cp)(PMe 3 ) 2 ](M=Coor<br />
Rh) with I n C 3 F 7 or ICF(CF 3 ) 2 , 24,29,30 whereas mixtures <strong>of</strong> products<br />
resulting from perfluoroalkylation at the metal, CO, or η 5 -Cp<br />
ligands were formed in the reactions <strong>of</strong> [M(η 5 -Cp)(PMe 3 )(CO)]<br />
Special Issue: Fluorine in Organometallic Chemistry<br />
Received: October 10, 2011<br />
Published: November 29, 2011<br />
© 2011 American Chemical Society 1287 dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
Scheme 1<br />
Article<br />
the Rh−C bond 44−46 occurred to afford an unusual highly<br />
fluorinated<br />
■<br />
acyl derivative.<br />
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />
<strong>Reactions</strong> <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] with Perfluoroiodocarbons.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] reacts with IR F<br />
(Scheme 2) to give mainly ethene and complexes [Rh(η 5 -<br />
Scheme 2<br />
(M = Rh or Ir) with the same perfluoroalkyl iodides. 32 Very<br />
recently, the perfluoroalkylation <strong>of</strong> a CO ligand in the reaction<br />
between [Ir(η 5 -Cp*)(CO) 2 ] and perfluorocyclohexyl bromide<br />
has been reported. 33<br />
Although complexes [Rh(η 5 -C 5 R 5 )(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )L] (R = H or<br />
Me; L = phosphine or C 2 H 4 ) 34−37 have been known for a long<br />
time, reports <strong>of</strong> their reactivity toward perfluoroalkyl iodides<br />
or bromides are scarce. Thus, [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]was<br />
reportedtoreactwithICF 3 or I n C 3 F 7 to give the oxidative<br />
addition products [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(CF 3 )(μ-I)] 2 or [Rh(η 5 -Cp)I-<br />
( n C 3 F 7 )(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )], 38 respectively. In contrast, [Rh(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] does not react with ICF 2 C 6 F 5 . 39 The reactions <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PPh 3 )] with I n C 3 F 7 or BrCF 2 CF 2 Br also<br />
proceed by oxidative addition, yielding compounds [Rh(η 5 -Cp)-<br />
(R F )X(PPh 3 )] (X = I, R F = n C 3 F 7 ;X=Br,R F =CF 2 CF 2 Br), but<br />
the analogous reaction with ICF 3 affords [Rh(η 5 -Cp)I 2 (PPh 3 )]<br />
as the only isolated product. 40 Oxidative addition <strong>of</strong> perfluoroalkyl<br />
iodides to the related complex [Rh(Tp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ](Tp=<br />
tris(pyrazolyl)borate) has also been described. 41 Therefore, we<br />
decided to improve and extend the knowledge <strong>of</strong> the reactivity<br />
<strong>of</strong> complexes <strong>of</strong> the type [Rh(η 5 -C 5 R 5 )(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )L] (R = H, Me;<br />
L=PR 3 ,C 2 H 4 ) toward iodoperfluorocarbons. Interestingly,<br />
these reactions proceed in most cases by perfluoroalkylation <strong>of</strong><br />
the coordinated ethene, rather than by oxidative addition. As far<br />
as we are aware, perfluoroalkylation <strong>of</strong> coordinated ethene has<br />
been reported only in the reaction <strong>of</strong> complexes [M(η 5 -Cp) 2 -<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )] (M = Mo or W) with IC(CF 3 ) 3 to give [M(η 5 -<br />
Cp) 2 {CH 2 CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 }]. 42,43<br />
We also report the reactivity toward XyNC or CO <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong><br />
the products obtained by perfluoroalkylation <strong>of</strong> the coordinated<br />
ethene. Whereas in the first case a ligand substitution reaction<br />
took place, in the second the insertion <strong>of</strong> a CO molecule into<br />
1288<br />
Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 R F )(μ-I)] 2 (R F = CF(CF 3 ) 2 (1a), CF(CF 3 )-<br />
CF 2 CF 3 (1b), C(CF 3 ) 3 (1c)). Compounds 1a and 1b were<br />
isolated as crystalline red solids containing small amounts<br />
(10%) <strong>of</strong> [(η 5 -Cp*)IRh(μ-I) 2 Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 R F )] (2a,<br />
2b, respectively). In the case <strong>of</strong> 1c, a greater amount <strong>of</strong> the<br />
mixed iodide-bridged complex (2c), HC(CF 3 ) 3 , and small<br />
amounts <strong>of</strong> unidentified compounds were also formed. The<br />
identity <strong>of</strong> complexes 1 was established on the basis <strong>of</strong> (1)<br />
their 1 Hand 19 F NMR data, (2) the characterization <strong>of</strong> the<br />
products <strong>of</strong> their reactions with various phosphines (see<br />
below), and (3) the X-ray structures <strong>of</strong> 1a and 1b. In addition,<br />
the elemental analyses <strong>of</strong> samples <strong>of</strong> 1a or 1b containing 10%<br />
(determined by 1 HNMR)<strong>of</strong>2a or 2b, respectively,agree<br />
with the calculated values, supporting the formulation <strong>of</strong> both<br />
components.<br />
Complex 1a or 1b decomposes in solution at room<br />
temperature over several days to give mainly 2a or 2b, together<br />
with minor quantities <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(μ-I)] 2 and other<br />
products that could not be identified. Hence, the presence<br />
<strong>of</strong> small amounts <strong>of</strong> 2a or 2b could be attributed to<br />
decomposition <strong>of</strong> 1a or 1b during the reaction time. In<br />
contrast, the larger amounts <strong>of</strong> 2c and other products detected<br />
in the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] with IC(CF 3 ) 3<br />
cannot be attributed solely to decomposition <strong>of</strong> 1c and are<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
probably formed through an alternative reaction path (see<br />
Mechanistic Studies).<br />
The crystal structures <strong>of</strong> 1a and 1b (Figures 1 and 2) show<br />
the presence <strong>of</strong> iodo-bridged dimers with the pairs <strong>of</strong> η 5 -Cp*<br />
Figure 1. Molecular structure <strong>of</strong> 1a (50% thermal ellipsoids). Selected<br />
bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh(1)−CNT1 (CNT1 = centroid<br />
<strong>of</strong> C1−5) 1.8250(19), Rh(1)−C(11) 2.111(4), Rh(1)−I(1)<br />
2.7198(4), Rh(1)−I(2) 2.7077(4), Rh(2)−CNT2 (CNT2 = centroid<br />
<strong>of</strong> C21−25) 1.8300(18), Rh(2)−C(31) 2.108(4), Rh(2)−I(1)<br />
2.7100(4), Rh(2)−I(2) 2.6987(4), I(1)−Rh(1)−I(2) 87.229(11),<br />
C(11)−Rh(1)−I(1) 87.19(10), C(11)−Rh(1)−I(2) 88.35(10),<br />
C(31)−Rh(2)−I(2) 87.94(11), C(31)−Rh(2)−I(1) 85.90(10).<br />
Figure 2. Molecular structure <strong>of</strong> 1b (50% thermal ellipsoids). Selected<br />
bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh(1)−CNT1 (CNT1 = centroid<br />
<strong>of</strong> C1−5) 1.820(3), Rh(1)−C(11) 2.111(6), Rh(1)−I(1) 2.7060(6),<br />
Rh(1)−I(1A) 2.7134(6), C(11)−Rh(1)−I(1) 89.44(17), C(11)−<br />
Rh(1)−I(1A) 88.87(17), I(1)−Rh(1)−I(1A) 86.513(18), Rh(1)−<br />
I(1)−Rh(1A) 93.487(18).<br />
and C 2 H 4 R F ligands necessarily mutually trans. This arrangement<br />
is usually adopted by halide-bridged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl<br />
complexes <strong>of</strong> Rh or Ir in order to reduce steric<br />
hindrance. 39,47−50 For the same reason, the CH 2 CH 2 R F chains<br />
are extended away from the metal. Bond distances and angles in<br />
the coordination sphere are very similar for both complexes.<br />
Article<br />
In 1b, because <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> two chiral centers (at the<br />
perfluoro-sec-butyl groups), two diastereomers are possible: the<br />
racemic pair (with RR or SS configuration) and the meso<br />
diastereomer (with RS configuration). However, in the single<br />
crystal used for the X-ray structure determination only the meso<br />
isomer was present. Indeed, the molecule <strong>of</strong> 1b is<br />
centrosymmetric, whereas in 1a both CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2<br />
groups point to the same side <strong>of</strong> the molecule (as viewed<br />
down the Rh−Rh axis) and the bond distances and angles are<br />
slightly different for both metal fragments.<br />
In the 1 H NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> 1a−c the methylene protons<br />
appear as second-order multiplets around 3 ppm. The 19 FNMR<br />
spectrum <strong>of</strong> 1a displays a doublet and a multiplet, corresponding<br />
to the CF 3 and CF groups, respectively. The CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3<br />
group <strong>of</strong> 1b gives five signals, corresponding to the CF, the<br />
diastereotopic CF 2 fluorines, and the CF 3 groups. The identity<br />
<strong>of</strong> complexes 2 in their mixtures with 1 was established on the<br />
basis <strong>of</strong> their 1 H and 19 F NMR signals. Thus, the 1 H spectra<br />
show signals corresponding to two different η 5 -Cp* groups and<br />
a complex multiplet around 3 ppm for the methylene protons,<br />
and the 19 F spectra display a set <strong>of</strong> signals at chemical shift<br />
values very close to those <strong>of</strong> 1.<br />
Although two diastereomers are expected for 1b, only one set<br />
<strong>of</strong> signals was observed in its 1 H and 19 F NMR spectra, even at<br />
low temperature and in a high-field spectrometer (−80 °C,<br />
600 MHz). As the selective formation <strong>of</strong> one diastereomer <strong>of</strong><br />
1b is unlikely, this could be the result <strong>of</strong> both isomers having<br />
almost identical 1 H and 19 F NMR spectra. 51<br />
NMR measurements on samples <strong>of</strong> 1a or 1b (containing<br />
small amounts <strong>of</strong> 2a or 2b, respectively) treated with 1 equiv <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(μ-I)] 2 revealed that compounds 1, 2, and<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(μ-I)] 2 are in equilibrium, whereby complexes 2<br />
are the major components. This process is slow on the NMR<br />
time scale at room temperature, but at about 80 °C the Cp*<br />
signals <strong>of</strong> the three compounds coalesce into a unique signal in<br />
the 1 H NMR spectrum (D 8 -toluene). This could be explained<br />
by an exchange process involving cleavage and restoration <strong>of</strong><br />
the iodide bridges with combination <strong>of</strong> the resulting fragments.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] reacted neither in C 6 D 6 solution<br />
with I n C 4 F 9 ,IC 6 F 5 , or ICFCF 2 at room temperature nor on<br />
heating at 50 °C(I n C 4 F 9 )orat60°C (IC 6 F 5 or ICFCF 2 ) for<br />
several hours. Heating at higher temperatures led to mixtures <strong>of</strong><br />
products that were not identified. In agreement with previously<br />
reported results, the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] and<br />
ICF 2 C 6 F 5 was sluggish, and, after 21 h at room temperature,<br />
most starting material remained unreacted. 39<br />
Bridge-Cleavage <strong>Reactions</strong>. The reactions <strong>of</strong> the mixtures<br />
<strong>of</strong> complexes 1 + 2 with PMe 3 , PPh 3 ,orP i Pr 3 led to<br />
mononuclear complexes <strong>of</strong> the type [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(CH 2 CH 2 R F )I(PR 3 )] (R F = CF(CF 3 ) 2 , R = Me (3a), Ph<br />
(3a′), i Pr (3a″); R F = CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 ,R=Me(3b), Ph (3b′);<br />
R F = C(CF 3 ) 3 ,R=Me(3c); Scheme 2), which were isolated<br />
with 50−82% yields after separation <strong>of</strong> the byproducts [Rh(η 5 -<br />
Cp*)I 2 (PR 3 )] by crystallization or chromatography. <strong>Complexes</strong><br />
3b and 3b′ were isolated as mixtures <strong>of</strong> two diastereomers<br />
arising from the presence <strong>of</strong> two stereogenic centers in the<br />
molecule, one at the perfluoro-sec-butyl group and another at<br />
the Rh atom. The diastereomeric ratios were close to unity (1:1<br />
and 1:1.1, respectively). This implies a negligible influence <strong>of</strong><br />
the configuration <strong>of</strong> the perfluoro-sec-butyl group on the side <strong>of</strong><br />
the attack <strong>of</strong> the phosphine to the metal, which is in turn<br />
attributable to the long distance between the stereogenic<br />
carbon atom and the metal.<br />
1289<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
<strong>Reactions</strong> <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] (R = Me or Ph)<br />
with Perfluoroiodocarbons. The reactions between in situ<br />
generated [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] and IR F (Scheme 3<br />
Scheme 3<br />
Article<br />
products were tentatively identified in the reaction mixtures.<br />
Significant amounts <strong>of</strong> HR F were also formed in the reactions<br />
leading to 4g and 4h.<br />
The reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with I n C 4 F 9<br />
(Scheme 4) gave [Rh(η 5 -Cp)( n C 4 F 9 )I(PMe 3 )] (5), which was<br />
Scheme 4<br />
and Table 1) led, in general, to mixtures containing the ethene<br />
perfluoroalkylation or perfluoroarylation products (3), the<br />
oxidative addition products (4), complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
I 2 (PR 3 )] (R = Me or Ph), and other products that could not<br />
be separated and identified. The nature <strong>of</strong> the main reaction<br />
product depends on R and R F . Thus, addition to ethene prevails<br />
in the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with<br />
ICF(CF 3 ) 2 , IC(CF 3 ) 3 , or IC 6 F 5 and in the reactions <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PPh 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 ) 2 or ICF 2 C 6 F 5<br />
to give complexes 3a, 3c, 3d, 3a′, and 3e′ (Scheme 3),<br />
respectively, which were isolated in 12−80% yields (Table 1).<br />
The corresponding oxidative addition products were not<br />
detected in these reactions except for ICF 2 C 6 F 5 , where a<br />
minor amount was tentatively identified in the NMR spectra<br />
<strong>of</strong> the reaction mixture. In contrast, oxidative addition is<br />
dominant for the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )]<br />
with ICF 2 C 6 F 5 ,I n C 3 F 7 , and I n C 4 F 9 , which gave the previously<br />
reported [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(R F )I(PMe 3 )] (R F =CF 2 C 6 F 5 (4e) 22 or<br />
n C 3 F 7 (4f) 21 ) and the new compound [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)( n C 4 F 9 )I-<br />
(PMe 3 )] (4g). <strong>Complexes</strong> 4e and 4g were isolated, but 4f was<br />
identified in the reaction mixture by comparison <strong>of</strong> its NMR<br />
signals with those reported. Finally, the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -<br />
Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with ICFCF 2 gave [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
I 2 (PMe 3 )] as the main product, and the oxidative addition<br />
product 4h was isolated in low yield by chromatography. In the<br />
reactions leading to 4e−h, only minor amounts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
corresponding ethene perfluoro(alkylation or vinylation)<br />
isolated and characterized. In contrast, the reactions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
same complex with ICF(CF 3 ) 2 , IC 6 F 5 , or ICFCF 2 led to<br />
intractable mixtures containing large amounts <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp)-<br />
I 2 (PMe 3 )].<br />
The obtained complexes gave the expected signals in their<br />
NMR spectra. Because <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> a stereogenic center<br />
at the metal, the four methylene protons <strong>of</strong> complexes 3 appear<br />
inequivalent in their 1 H NMR spectra. For the same reason,<br />
two signals are observed for the CF 3 groups <strong>of</strong> 3a, 3a′, and 3a″<br />
and for the CF 2 fluorines <strong>of</strong> 3b and 3b′. The 31 P{ 1 H} spectra <strong>of</strong><br />
complexes 3 showed a doublet as a consequence <strong>of</strong> the coupling<br />
with 103 Rh. In contrast, the oxidative addition complexes<br />
gave doublets <strong>of</strong> multiplets (4g and 5) or a doublet <strong>of</strong> doublets<br />
(4h) because <strong>of</strong> the coupling <strong>of</strong> 31 P with 103 Rh and with the 19 F<br />
nuclei <strong>of</strong> the rhodium-bound n C 4 F 9 or CFCF 2 groups,<br />
respectively. The signals <strong>of</strong> 3b and 3b′ were duplicated because<br />
<strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> two diastereomers (see above).<br />
The crystal structures <strong>of</strong> 3c and 4g were determined by<br />
single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Figures 3 and 4). In both<br />
Table 1. Composition (%) <strong>of</strong> the Mixture <strong>of</strong> Products <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Reaction [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] + IR F<br />
a<br />
R F<br />
R<br />
attack on<br />
ethene<br />
oxidative<br />
addition<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)<br />
I 2 (PR 3 )]<br />
CF(CF 3 ) 2 Me 51 (3a) 0 5<br />
CF(CF 3 ) 2 Ph 91 (3a′) 0 5<br />
C(CF 3 ) 3 Me 100 (3c) 0 0<br />
C 6 F 5 Me 57 (3d) 0 4<br />
CF 2 C 6 F 5 Me 0 64 (4e) 15<br />
CF 2 C 6 F 5 Ph 40 (3e′) ≤10 b 31<br />
n C 3 F 7 Me ≤7 b 40 (4f) 27<br />
n C 4 F 9 Me ≤5 b 40 (4g) 24<br />
CFCF 2 Me ≤7 b 19 (4h) 40<br />
a Estimated by integration <strong>of</strong> the 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectrum <strong>of</strong> the<br />
reaction mixture (error ±5%).<br />
Tentatively identified in the NMR<br />
spectra <strong>of</strong> the mixture.<br />
Figure 3. Molecular structure <strong>of</strong> 3c (50% thermal ellipsoids). Selected<br />
bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh(1)−CNT (CNT = centroid <strong>of</strong><br />
C1−5) 1.8789(16), Rh(1)−C(11) 2.120(3), Rh(1)−P(1) 2.2594(9),<br />
Rh(1)−I(1) 2.6989(4), C(11)−Rh(1)−P(1) 85.31(10), C(11)−<br />
Rh(1)−I(1) 96.26(9), P(1)−Rh(1)−I(1) 89.02(3).<br />
molecules, the fluorinated alkyl group is extended away from<br />
the metal in order to reduce steric repulsions with the η 5 -Cp*<br />
and PMe 3 ligands. The Rh−CH 2 distance in 3c (2.120(3) Å) is<br />
not significantly different from those <strong>of</strong> 1a (2.111(4) and<br />
2.108(4) Å) or 1b (2.111(6) Å). The terminal Rh−I bond <strong>of</strong><br />
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Information) also indicated the presence <strong>of</strong> the anions H 2 F 3 − ,<br />
HF 2 − , and SiF 6 2− , the latter probably being produced by F −<br />
attack on the NMR tube glass (see below). 53−55<br />
<strong>Reactions</strong> <strong>of</strong> 3a′ with AgOTf and XyNC or CO. The<br />
reaction <strong>of</strong> 3a′ with AgOTf and XyNC gave the cationic<br />
derivative [Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(PPh 3 )(CNXy)]-<br />
OTf (6) (Scheme 6). In contrast, the analogous reaction <strong>of</strong><br />
Scheme 6<br />
Figure 4. Molecular structure <strong>of</strong> 4g (50% thermal ellipsoids). Selected<br />
bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh(1)−CNT (CNT = centroid <strong>of</strong><br />
C1−5) 1.8872(8), Rh(1)−P(1) 2.2967(5), Rh(1)−I(1) 2.68611(19),<br />
Rh(1)−C(11) 2.0716(19), P(1)−Rh(1)−I(1) 88.673(13), C(11)−<br />
Rh(1)−I(1) 89.71(5), C(11)−Rh(1)−P(1) 92.48(5), F(1)−C(11)−<br />
Rh(1) 108.80(11), F(2)−C(11)−Rh(1) 116.91(12), F(2)−C(11)−<br />
F(1) 103.06(14).<br />
3c (Rh−I: 2.6989(4) Å) is slightly shorter than the bridging<br />
Rh−I bonds <strong>of</strong> 1a and 1b (Rh−I: 2.6987(4)−2.7198(4) Å).<br />
The Rh−CNT (CNT = centroid <strong>of</strong> the η 5 -Cp* ring) distance is<br />
longer in 3c (1.8789(16) Å) and 4g (1.8872(8) Å) than in 1a<br />
(1.8250(19) and 1.8300(18) Å) or 1b (1.820(3) Å), suggesting<br />
that the steric repulsions between the η 5 -Cp* and PMe 3 ligands<br />
could be responsible for these differences. The Rh−CNT, Rh−P,<br />
and Rh−C bond distances <strong>of</strong> 4g are not significantly different<br />
from the values reported for [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)Cl( n C 3 F 7 )(PMe 3 )]. 52<br />
The reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )] with ICF-<br />
(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 (Scheme 5) deserves special consideration, since<br />
Scheme 5<br />
3a′ with CO led to complex [Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }-<br />
(PPh 3 )(CO)]OTf (7), which resulted from insertion <strong>of</strong> a<br />
molecule <strong>of</strong> CO into the Rh−CH 2 bond and coordination <strong>of</strong><br />
another CO molecule to the metal.<br />
Compounds 6 and 7 gave the expected signals in their NMR<br />
spectra. The IR spectrum <strong>of</strong> the isonitrile complex 6 showed a<br />
band at 2133 cm −1 corresponding to the ν(CN) mode. The<br />
IR spectra <strong>of</strong> the carbonyl complex 7 displayed a band at 2043<br />
cm −1 corresponding to the ν(CO) mode and another at<br />
1682 cm −1 corresponding to the ν(CO) mode.<br />
The crystal structure <strong>of</strong> 7 was determined by single-crystal<br />
X-ray diffraction (Figure 5). The Rh−C carbonyl and CO<br />
no oxidative addition product and only traces <strong>of</strong> the ethene<br />
perfluoroalkylation product were detected in the NMR spectra<br />
<strong>of</strong> the reaction mixture (C 6 D 6 ). Instead, the main reaction<br />
products were cis-octafluoro-2-butene, trans-octafluoro-2-<br />
butene, [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )], and a crystalline red precipitate.<br />
The ESI-MS spectrum <strong>of</strong> this precipitate indicated that it was a<br />
salt <strong>of</strong> the cation [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 ) 2 ] + , which was<br />
confirmed by comparing its 1 H and 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra<br />
with those <strong>of</strong> the reported [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 ) 2 ]PF 6 . 37<br />
In addition, the 1 H and 19 F NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> the salt (see<br />
Experimental Section and Figure S1 <strong>of</strong> the Supporting<br />
Figure 5. Molecular structure <strong>of</strong> 7 (50% thermal ellipsoids). Selected<br />
bond lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh(1)−CNT (CNT = centroid <strong>of</strong><br />
C1−5) 1.9096(13), Rh(1)−C(11) 1.898(3), Rh(1)−C(12) 2.083(3),<br />
Rh(1)−P(1) 2.3380(7), C(11)−O(1) 1.130(4), C(12)−O(2)<br />
1.200(4), C(11)−Rh(1)−C(12) 95.00(12), C(11)−Rh(1)−P(1)<br />
91.99(9), C(12)−Rh(1)−P(1) 87.15(8).<br />
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(in D -toluene), or IC F (in C D ) were dramatically affected<br />
distances (1.898(3) and 1.130(4) Å) fall in the range <strong>of</strong> values<br />
found for Rh(III) carbonyl complexes containing the η 5 -Cp*<br />
ligand (1.800−2.041 and 1.040−1.149 Å, respectively). 56 The<br />
Rh−C acyl distance (2.083(3) Å) is slightly longer than those<br />
observed in other Rh(III) acyl complexes containing the η 5 -Cp*<br />
ligand (2.010−2.071 Å).<br />
Mechanistic Studies. It is interesting to trace a parallelism<br />
between the reactions observed and the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with MeI, which led to [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )-<br />
(Me)(PMe 3 )]I through nucleophilic attack <strong>of</strong> the metal center<br />
at the positively charged carbon atom. 37 Substitution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
coordinated ethene by iodide finally gives [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(Me)-<br />
(PMe 3 )]. The iodine-bound carbon <strong>of</strong> a perfluoroalkyl iodide<br />
also bears a high positive charge, but it is sterically and electrostatically<br />
shielded from nucleophilic attack by the negatively<br />
charged fluorine substituents, especially in secondary and tertiary<br />
perfluoroalkyl iodides. 57,58 In addition, the electron-withdrawing<br />
character <strong>of</strong> the perfluoroalkyl group makes the iodine atom<br />
electrophilic, allowing nucleophilic attack and subsequent release<br />
<strong>of</strong> a perfluoroalkyl anion. 57−60 Such anions have been trapped by<br />
Hughes and co-workers in the reactions <strong>of</strong> Rh(I), 29 Mo(II), 42,43<br />
W(II), 42,43 or Pt(II) 61 complexes with perfluoroalkyl iodides. In a<br />
benchmark study, 42 the same authors reported that the ethene<br />
complexes [M(η 5 -Cp) 2 (η 2 -C 2 H 4 )] (M = Mo or W) react with<br />
IC(CF 3 ) 3 to give [M(η 5 -Cp) 2 I{CH 2 CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 }] via nucleophilic<br />
attack <strong>of</strong> the metal at the iodine, followed by addition <strong>of</strong><br />
the generated C(CF 3 ) − 3 anion to the coordinated ethene. 42,43<br />
Alternatively, the possibility <strong>of</strong> a radical mechanism should<br />
be considered, since perfluoroalkyl iodides are able to react with<br />
electron donors by single electron transfer to give I − and an R F·<br />
radical. 11,62 Considering these precedents, we attempted to find<br />
experimental evidence for the intermediacy <strong>of</strong> R F· radicals or<br />
R − F anions in the ethene perfluoroalkylation reactions.<br />
As D 8 -toluene is expected to react with free R F· radicals to<br />
give a D 7 -benzyl radical and DR F , 61 some representative<br />
reactions were conducted in this solvent. However, no DR F<br />
was detected by NMR spectroscopy in any experiment.<br />
As perfluoroalkyl radicals easily add to olefins, 11,63,64 the<br />
reactions between [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] and ICF-<br />
(CF 3 ) 2 were performed in the presence <strong>of</strong> a 4-fold excess <strong>of</strong><br />
norbornene. However, the outcome <strong>of</strong> the reaction was not<br />
appreciably altered, and no significant amounts <strong>of</strong> norbornene<br />
perfluoroalkylation products were detected.<br />
In addition, the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )]<br />
or [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] with ICF(CF 3 ) 2 were carried out<br />
in the presence <strong>of</strong> the radical trap (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-<br />
1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), using C 6 D 6 as solvent. While in the first<br />
case the result <strong>of</strong> the reaction was essentially the same as in the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> the radical trap, in the second case most <strong>of</strong> the<br />
starting materials remained unreacted after 16 h. As no radicaltrapping<br />
products were detected, the reaction inhibition is<br />
tentatively attributed to competitive formation <strong>of</strong> a halogenbonded<br />
adduct between TEMPO and the perfluoroalkyl<br />
iodide. 60 The formation <strong>of</strong> this adduct did not compete effectively<br />
with the rapid reaction between complex [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] and ICF(CF 3 ) 2 .<br />
We also attempted to trap radical or carbanionic<br />
intermediates by carrying out the reactions in the presence <strong>of</strong><br />
CH 3 OD as previously reported. 29,42,61,65 In these experiments,<br />
R F· radicals should preferentially cleave the weaker C−H<br />
bond 66 to give HR F , whereas R − F anions should abstract a D +<br />
cation to give DR F . Thus, the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 ) 2 (in D 8 -toluene), IC(CF 3 ) 3<br />
8 6 5 6 6<br />
by the presence <strong>of</strong> CH 3 OD (1.5−2.5 equiv). Under these conditions,<br />
the formation <strong>of</strong> complex 3a, 3c, or3d was inhibited or<br />
severely reduced, DR F being the main fluoroorganic product.<br />
Moreover, significant amounts <strong>of</strong> DC(CF 3 ) 3 or DC 6 F 5 were<br />
detected when the reactions between [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )-<br />
(PMe 3 )] and IC(CF 3 ) 3 or IC 6 F 5 were run in C 6 D 6 saturated<br />
with D 2 O. Minor amounts <strong>of</strong> HR F were also detected in all these<br />
experiments, even in the absence <strong>of</strong> CH 3 OD, which might be<br />
attributed to carbanion protonation by residual water or to the<br />
contribution <strong>of</strong> a minor reaction pathway involving perfluoroalkyl<br />
radicals. 67 The reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]with<br />
ICF(CF 3 ) 2 or ICF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 in C 6 D 6 were not significantly<br />
affected when they were carried out in the presence <strong>of</strong> CH 3 OD or<br />
in D 2 O-saturated solvent. In contrast, the analogous reactions<br />
involving IC(CF 3 ) 3 gave considerable amounts <strong>of</strong> DC(CF 3 ) 3 .<br />
Evidence for both radical and anions was obtained in the<br />
reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with I n C 4 F 9 in C 6 D 6 .<br />
Thus, the formation <strong>of</strong> the oxidative addition product 4g was<br />
partially inhibited by carrying out the reaction in the presence <strong>of</strong><br />
norbornene or TEMPO (2 equiv), and significant amounts <strong>of</strong><br />
D n C 4 F 9 were observed by carrying it out in the presence <strong>of</strong><br />
CH 3 OD (2.5 equiv). This suggests that, in this case, both ionic<br />
and radical pathways should contribute significantly to the overall<br />
reaction mechanism.<br />
Finally, the detection <strong>of</strong> cis- and trans-octafluoro-2-butene in<br />
the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 )-<br />
CF 2 CF 3 is evidence for the generation <strong>of</strong> the CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 )CF −<br />
anion, which decomposes by elimination <strong>of</strong> F − to give the alkenes.<br />
The released fluoride anion could trap a proton from residual<br />
moisture or react with glass to form the H n F − n+1 and SiF 2− 6 anions<br />
<strong>of</strong> the isolated salt. No perfluoroalkenes were detected in other<br />
reaction mixtures examined by 19 F NMR spectroscopy.<br />
On the basis <strong>of</strong> these results, we propose (Scheme 7) that<br />
ethene perfluoro(alkylation or arylation) could occur by<br />
Scheme 7<br />
nucleophilic attack <strong>of</strong> the metal on the iodine atom to generate<br />
the ionic intermediate A, which could undergo addition <strong>of</strong> the<br />
R − F anion on the coordinated ethene to give complexes 3.<br />
When L = C 2 H 4 , dinuclear species 1 could be formed by loss <strong>of</strong><br />
ethene and dimerization, although evidence for the formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> R − F anions was found only in the case <strong>of</strong> 1c.<br />
Compounds [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PR 3 )] and other unidentified byproducts<br />
observed in the reactions <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )-<br />
(PMe 3 )] with IR F could result from the evolution <strong>of</strong> intermediate A<br />
after the dissociation <strong>of</strong> the ion pair and the destruction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
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perfluoroalkyl anion by decomposition or by reaction with another<br />
molecule. In particular, protonation by residual water would give<br />
HR F , which was observed in the reactions leading to 4g or 4h. A<br />
similar process could explain the formation <strong>of</strong> HC(CF 3 ) 3 and 2c in<br />
the reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] with IC(CF 3 ) 3 .<br />
Finally, we tried to prepare a salt containing the cation <strong>of</strong><br />
intermediate A by reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )]<br />
with the iodinating agent [I(py) 2 ]BF 4 . However, substitution <strong>of</strong><br />
ethene by pyridine (py) took place in addition to iodination, to<br />
give [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(py)(PMe 3 )]BF 4 (8), which was also obtained<br />
by reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )] with AgBF 4 and pyridine.<br />
The crystal structure <strong>of</strong> 8 was determined by single-crystal X-ray<br />
diffraction (Figure 6).<br />
Figure 6. Molecular structure (30% thermal ellipsoids) <strong>of</strong> the cation <strong>of</strong><br />
the salt [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(C 6 H 5 N)(PMe 3 )]BF 4 (8). Selected bond<br />
lengths (Å) and angles (deg): Rh−CNT (CNT = centroid <strong>of</strong> C1−<br />
5) 1.825, Rh−N(11) 2.1271(19), Rh−P 2.3160(7), Rh−I 2.6989(2),<br />
N(11)−Rh−I 91.80(5), P−Rh−I 87.64(2), N(11)−Rh−P 90.66(6).<br />
■ CONCLUDING REMARKS<br />
Selective ethene perfluoroalkylation takes place in the reaction<br />
<strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] with secondary or tertiary<br />
perfluoroalkyl iodides. In contrast, the course <strong>of</strong> the reactions<br />
<strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with perfluorinated iodides<br />
depends on the fluoroorganic iodide used. Thus, ICF(CF 3 ) 2 ,<br />
IC(CF 3 ) 3 , and IC 6 F 5 selectively attack at the ethene, while the<br />
reactions with primary perfluoroalkyl iodides and ICF 2 C 6 F 5 are<br />
less selective and proceed preferentially through oxidative<br />
addition. Attack at the ethene also prevails in the reaction <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PPh 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 ) 2 or ICF 2 C 6 F 5 .<br />
Evidence for the intermediacy <strong>of</strong> R − F anions in the ethene<br />
perfluoroalkylation or perfluoroarylation reactions points to a<br />
mechanism where a cationic Rh(III) intermediate is formed by<br />
the nucleophilic attack <strong>of</strong> the metal center at the iodine atom <strong>of</strong><br />
the perfluororganic iodide.<br />
The reported reactions are rare examples <strong>of</strong> perfluoroalkylation<br />
or perfluoroarylation <strong>of</strong> a coordinated alkene and represent<br />
a first step toward nonradical rhodium-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation<br />
<strong>of</strong> olefins avoiding the formation <strong>of</strong> perfluoroalkyl metal<br />
intermediates. Studies aimed at the development <strong>of</strong> a rhodiummediated<br />
or -catalyzed olefin perfluoroalkylation reaction are in<br />
progress.<br />
1293<br />
■<br />
Article<br />
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION<br />
General Considerations. <strong>Complexes</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] 34<br />
and [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] 35 were prepared as previously<br />
reported. Solutions <strong>of</strong> complexes [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PR 3 )]<br />
(R = Me, 37 Ph 68 )werepreparedbyheatingasolution<strong>of</strong>[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]andPMe 3 or PPh 3 at 120 °C in a Carius tube for 24 or 3.5 h,<br />
respectively. Other reagents were obtained from commercial sources<br />
and used without further purification: PMe 3 (1 M solution in toluene),<br />
IC 6 F 5 ,I n C 4 F 9 ,I n C 3 F 7 , ICF 2 C 6 F 5 , [I(py) 2 ]BF 4 (Aldrich), ICF(CF 3 ) 2<br />
(Acros Organics), ICFCF 2 (ABCR). The reactions were carried out<br />
under an N 2 atmosphere using standard Schlenk techniques. Test<br />
reactions were performed in screw-cap NMR tubes equipped with a<br />
PTFE-covered rubber septum. Toluene and n-pentane were degassed<br />
and dried using a Pure Solv MD-5 solvent purification system from<br />
Innovative Technology, Inc. D 8 -Toluene was deoxygenated by four<br />
freeze−pump−thaw cycles, and C 6 D 6 was distilled over CaH 2 . Both<br />
solvents were stored under nitrogen over 4 Å molecular sieves.<br />
Infrared spectra were recorded in the range 4000−200 cm −1 on a<br />
Perkin-Elmer 16F PC FT-IR spectrometer with Nujol mulls between<br />
polyethylene sheets. C, H, N, S analyses were carried out with Carlo<br />
Erba 1108 and LECO CHS-932 microanalyzers. NMR spectra were<br />
measured on Bruker Avance 200, 300, and 400 instruments. 1 H<br />
chemical shifts were referenced to residual C 6 D 5 H (7.15 ppm),<br />
C 6 D 5 CD 2 H (2.09 ppm), CHDCl 2 (5.29 ppm), or CHCl 3 (7.26 ppm).<br />
13 C{ 1 H} spectra were referenced to C 6 D 6 (128.0 ppm), CDCl 3<br />
(77.0 ppm), or CD 2 Cl 2 (53.8 ppm). 19 For 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra<br />
were referenced to external CFCl 3 or H 3 PO 4 (0 ppm). The temperature<br />
values in NMR experiments were not corrected. ESI-MS and<br />
HR-MS spectra were measured on Agilent 5973 and 6620 spectrometers,<br />
respectively. A solution <strong>of</strong> NH 4 (HCO 2 ) (5 mM) and HCO 2 H<br />
(1%) in MeOH/H 2 O (75:25) was used as mobile phase unless otherwise<br />
stated. Melting points were determined on a Reichert apparatus<br />
in an air atmosphere.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(μ-I)] 2 (1a) and [(η 5 -Cp*)IRh(μ-I) 2 -<br />
Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }] (2a). ICF(CF 3 ) 2 (100 μL, 0.70 mmol)<br />
was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (186 mg,<br />
0.63 mmol) in n-pentane (3 mL). After stirring for 18 h at room<br />
temperature a red, microcrystalline solid precipitated, which was filtered,<br />
washed with n-pentane (2 mL), and dried under vacuum (270 mg,<br />
76%). Mp: 258−261 °C (dec). The isolated product contained 10%<br />
<strong>of</strong> [(η 5 -Cp*)IRh(μ-I) 2 Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }] as determined<br />
by integration <strong>of</strong> the 1 H NMR spectrum. Anal. Calcd for (C 30 H 38 F 14 I 2 -<br />
Rh 2 ) 0.9 (C 25 H 34 F 7 I 3 Rh 2 ) 0.1 : C, 31.72; H, 3.39. Found: C, 31.68; H, 3.66.<br />
1a: 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 2.85−2.58 (m, 8 H, CH 2 ), 1.67<br />
(s, 30 H, C 5 Me 5 ); (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ) δ 3.15−2.90 (m, 8 H, CH 2 ), 1.37<br />
(s,30H,C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 122.0 (dq,<br />
1 J CF = 288.6 Hz, 2 J CF =28.7Hz,CF 3 ), 95.2 (d, 1 J RhC = 6.6 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
38.1 (d, 2 J FC =20.8Hz,CH 2 CF), 9.5 (s, C 5 Me 5 ), 5.9 (d, 1 J RhC =24.9Hz,<br />
RhCH 2 ). The signal corresponding to the CF carbon was not observed.<br />
19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −74.6 (d, 3 J FF = 7.6 Hz, 6 F, CF 3 ),<br />
−181.7 (m, 1 F, CF). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained as<br />
deuterobenzene monosolvate by slow evaporation <strong>of</strong> a C 6 D 6 solution.<br />
2a: 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.03−2.88 (m, 4 H, CH 2 ), 1.53 (s,<br />
15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.46 (s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ<br />
−74.5 (d, 3 J FF = 7.5 Hz, 6 F, CF 3 ), −180.2 (m, 1 F, CF).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 }(μ-I)] 2 (1b) and [(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
IRh(μ-I) 2 Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 }] (2b). These were<br />
prepared in the same way as 1a + 2a, starting from [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (48 mg, 0.16 mmol) and ICF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 (28 μL, 0.16<br />
mmol) in n-pentane (3 mL). After stirring for 18 h, the reaction<br />
mixture was stored at 4 °C for 3 days to give a red, crystalline solid.<br />
The mother liquor was removed with a pipet in a ice−water bath, and<br />
the solid was washed with cold (0 °C) n-pentane (3 × 1.5 mL) and<br />
dried under vacuum (68 mg, 68%). Mp: 140 °C (dec). The isolated<br />
product contained 10% <strong>of</strong> [(η 5 -Cp*)IRh(μ-I) 2 Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
{CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 }] as determined by integration <strong>of</strong> the 1 H<br />
NMR spectrum. Anal. Calcd for (C 32 H 38 F 18 I 2 Rh 2 ) 0.9 (C 26 H 34 F 9 I 3 Rh 2 ) 0.1 :<br />
C, 31.11; H, 3.13. Found: C, 31.06; H, 3.08. 1b: 1 H NMR (400.9 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.19−2.93 (m, 8 H, CH 2 ), 1.39 (s, 30 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H}<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
NMR (100.8 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 126.6−109.3 (several m, CF n ), 95.2<br />
(d, 1 J RhC = 6.5 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 38.6 (d, 2 J FC = 21.6 Hz, RhCH 2 CH 2 ), 9.5<br />
(s, C 5 Me 5 ), 6.2 (d, 1 J RhC = 24.6 Hz, RhCH 2 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ −72.1 (br s, 3 F, CFCF 3 ), −79.7 (dq, 4 J FF = 5 J FF = 5.1 Hz, 3<br />
F, CF 2 CF 3 ), −120.6 (m, 2 F, CF 2 ), −180.9 (br m, 1 F, CF). (+)ESI-<br />
MS: m/z 731 ([Rh 2 (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 I 2 H] + ), 857 ([Rh 2 (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 I 3 ] + ), 977<br />
([Rh 2 (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 I 2 (CH 2 CH 2 C 4 F 9 )] + ). X-ray quality single crystals were<br />
obtained from an n-hexane solution at 4 °C. 2b: 1 H NMR (400.9<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.08−2.91 (m, 4 H, CH 2 ), 1.53 (s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.48<br />
(s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −72.3 (br s, 3 F,<br />
CFCF 3 ), −79.7 (m, 3 F, CF 2 CF 3 ), −120.5 (m, 2 F, CF 2 ), −180.1<br />
(br m, 1 F, CF).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 }(μ-I)] 2 (1c) and [(η 5 -Cp*)IRh(μ-I) 2 -<br />
Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 }] (2c). These were prepared in the same<br />
way as 1a + 2a, starting from [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (111 mg, 0.38<br />
mmol) and IC(CF 3 ) 3 (185, mg, 0.53 mmol) in n-pentane (4 mL). The<br />
reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness to give a dark red residue<br />
containing 1c, a similar number <strong>of</strong> equivalents <strong>of</strong> 2c, and several<br />
unidentified minor products (the integration <strong>of</strong> the 1 H NMR spectrum<br />
was not accurate because <strong>of</strong> signal overlap). Attempts to isolate 1c by<br />
crystallization or column chromatography led to mixtures containing<br />
both products. 1c: 1 H NMR (200.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.25 (m, 4 H,<br />
CH 2 ), 2.97 (m, 4 H, CH 2 ), 1.38 (s, 30 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F NMR (188.3<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −64.5 (s). 2c: 1 H NMR (200.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.16−<br />
2.90 (m, 4 H, CH 2 ), 1.52 (s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.49 (s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F<br />
NMR (188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −64.7 (s).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }I(PMe 3 )] (3a). Method A. A mixture<br />
<strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (147 mg, 0.50 mmol) and PMe 3<br />
(0.60 mmol) was heated in toluene (5 mL) at 120 °C for 24 h in a<br />
Carius tube. The resulting solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )]<br />
was cooled at room temperature, and then ICF(CF 3 ) 2 (74 μL,<br />
0.50 mmol) was added. A color change from yellow to dark red took<br />
place immediately. After stirring for 40 min, the volatiles were removed<br />
under vacuum. The residue was extracted with Et 2 O (15 mL), and the<br />
extract was chromatographed on a silica gel column using CH 2 Cl 2 as<br />
eluent. The collected fraction (R f = 0.8) was evaporated to dryness to<br />
give an orange, crystalline solid (151 mg, 47%).<br />
Method B. ICF(CF 3 ) 2 (100 μL, 0.70 mmol) was added to a<br />
solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (200 mg, 0.68 mmol) in n-<br />
pentane (5 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 15 h. The dark red<br />
suspension was evaporated to dryness under vacuum, and the residue<br />
was dissolved in THF (5 mL). PMe 3 (0.74 mmol) was added to the<br />
solution, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. Then, the volatiles were<br />
removed under vacuum, and the resulting residue was purified by<br />
chromatography as mentioned above (215 mg, 50%). Mp: 91−93 °C.<br />
Anal. Calcd for C 18 H 28 F 7 IPRh: C, 33.88; H, 4.42. Found: C, 34.02; H,<br />
4.74. 1 H NMR (400.9 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.03 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ),<br />
2.26 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.70 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.50<br />
(m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.46 (d, 4 J PH = 2.9 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.15<br />
(dd, 2 J PH = 9.8 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.6 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100.8<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 122.2 (dq, 1 J CF = 287.0 Hz, 2 J CF = 29.0 Hz, CF 3 ), 98.2<br />
(dd, 1 J RhC = 5.0 Hz, 2 J PC = 3.5 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 38.1 (dd, 2 J FC = 20.7 Hz,<br />
3 J PC = 4.8 Hz, CH 2 CF), 17.1 (d, 1 J PC = 32.3 Hz, PMe 3 ), 9.7 (s, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
−0.6 (dd, 1 J RhC = 26.0 Hz, 2 J PC = 14.9 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ). The signal<br />
corresponding to the CF carbon was not observed. 19 F NMR (188.3<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −74.7 (dq, 3 J FF = 4 J FF = 8.3 Hz, 3 F, CF 3 ), −75.4 (dq,<br />
3 J FF = 4 J FF = 8.3 Hz, 3 F, CF 3 ), −182.0 (m, 1 F, CF). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR<br />
(162.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.8 (d, 1 J RhP = 156.4 Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }I(PPh 3 )] (3a′). Method A. [Rh-<br />
(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PPh 3 )] was generated in situ by heating a solution<br />
<strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (151 mg, 0.51 mmol) and PPh 3 (162 mg,<br />
0.62 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) at 120 °C for 3.5 h in a Carius tube.<br />
After cooling to room temperature, ICF(CF 3 ) 2 (80 μL, 0.55 mmol)<br />
was added to the resulting yellow solution, which changed color to<br />
dark red. After stirring for 40 min, the volatiles were removed under<br />
vacuum. The residue was extracted with Et 2 O, and the extract was<br />
chromatographed on a silica gel column using Et 2 O/n-hexane (1:1) as<br />
eluent. The collected orange fraction (R f = 0.6) was evaporated to<br />
dryness to give an orange, crystalline solid (205 mg, 49%).<br />
1294<br />
Article<br />
Method B. A solution <strong>of</strong> 1a + 2a (101 mg, 0.086 mmol <strong>of</strong> 1a) and<br />
PPh 3 (52 mg, 0.20 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred for 5 h. The<br />
volatiles were removed under vacuum, and the resulting residue was<br />
purified by column chromatography (see above) to give an orange,<br />
crystalline solid (122 mg, 86%). Mp: 145−148 °C. Anal. Calcd for<br />
C 33 H 34 F 7 IPRh: C, 48.08; H, 4.16. Found: C, 48.18; H, 4.24. 1 HNMR<br />
(400.9 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 7.72 (br m, 6 H, H2 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 6.99 (m, 9 H, H3<br />
andH4<strong>of</strong>Ph),3.52(m,1H,Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.38 (m, 1 H, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.08 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.92 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −<br />
CH 2 ), 1.32 (d, 4 J PH =2.8Hz,15H,C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz,<br />
CDCl 3 ,50°C): δ 134.9 (br s, C2 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 133.0 (d, 1 J PC = 44.2 Hz, C1 <strong>of</strong><br />
Ph), 130.1 (s, C4 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 127.9 (d, 3 J PC = 9.9 Hz, C3 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 121.5 (dq,<br />
1 J CF = 286.1 Hz, 2 J CF =28.6Hz,CF 3 ), 99.8 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.6 Hz, 2 J PC =<br />
3.3 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 38.8 (d, 2 J FC =20.4Hz,Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 9.3 (s,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 1.6 (dd, 1 J RhC =25.0Hz, 2 J PC =13.4Hz,Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ). At<br />
room temperature the aromatic region <strong>of</strong> the spectrum is more complex<br />
because <strong>of</strong> slow rotation <strong>of</strong> the phosphine ligand on the NMR time<br />
scale. 69 The signal corresponding to the CF carbon was not observed.<br />
19 FNMR(188.3MHz,C 6 D 6 ): δ −74.1 (dq, 3 J FF = 4 J FF =8.5Hz,3F,<br />
CF 3 ), −76.1 (dq, 3 J FF = 4 J FF =8.5Hz,3F,CF 3 ), −182.4 (m, 1 F, CF).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 41.6 (d, 1 J RhP = 161.2 Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }I(P i Pr 3 )] (3a″). P i Pr 3 (35 μL, 0.18<br />
mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> 1a + 2a (85 mg, 0.072 mmol <strong>of</strong> 1a)<br />
in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 13 h at room<br />
temperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue was extracted<br />
with n-pentane (15 mL), and the extract was filtered through Celite,<br />
concentrated to ca. 2 mL, and stored at −32 °C for 4 h to give orange<br />
crystals, which were washed with cold n-pentane (−30 °C, 3 × 1 mL)<br />
and dried under vacuum (80 mg, 77%). Mp: 95−97 °C. Anal. Calcd<br />
for C 24 H 40 F 7 IPRh: C, 39.91; H, 5.58. Found: C, 39.70; H, 5.60. 1 H<br />
NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.65 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.35−<br />
2.18 (m, 4 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 + PCH), 2.08 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −<br />
CH 2 ), 1.54−1.42 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.46 (d, 4 J PH = 2.3 Hz, 15<br />
H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.12 (dd, 2 J PH = 12.8 Hz, 3 J HH = 7.3 Hz, 3 H, CHMe), 1.04<br />
(dd, 2 J PH = 12.6 Hz, 3 J HH = 7.2 Hz, 3 H, CHMe). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR<br />
(100.8 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 122.2 (dq, 1 J CF = 283.2 Hz, 2 J CF = 29.7 Hz,<br />
CF 3 ), 99.8 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.4 Hz, 2 J PC = 2.8 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 39.5 (d, 2 J FC =<br />
20.5 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 27.9 (d, 1 J PC = 18.7 Hz, PCH), 21.0 (br s,<br />
CHMe), 20.5 (d, 2 J PC = 1.1 Hz, CHMe), 10.2 (s, C 5 Me 5 ), −5.0 (dd,<br />
1 J RhC = 26.4 Hz, 2 J PC = 14.7 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ). The signal corresponding<br />
to the CF carbon was not observed. 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ −73.9 (dq, 3 J FF = 4 J FF = 8.5 Hz, 3 F, CF 3 ), −76.0 (dq, 3 J FF =<br />
4 J FF = 8.9 Hz, 3 F, CF 3 ), −182.8 (m, 1 F, CF). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 42.9 (d, 1 J RhP = 153.0 Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 }I(PMe 3 )] (3b). A solution <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) in n-pentane (4 mL)<br />
was treated with ICF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 (40 μL, 0.24 mmol) at room<br />
temperature. After stirring for 20 h at room temperature, PMe 3<br />
(0.24 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature<br />
for 2 h and evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was<br />
extracted with n-pentane (15 mL). The extract was filtered, concentrated<br />
under vacuum to ca. 2 mL, and stored at −32 °C for 24 h to give orange<br />
crystals, which were washed with cold n-pentane (3 × 1 mL) and dried<br />
under vacuum (87 mg, 53%). Mp: 100−102 °C. Anal. Calcd for<br />
C 19 H 28 F 9 IPRh: C, 33.16; H, 4.10. Found: C, 33.19; H, 3.97. 1 H NMR<br />
(300.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 2.59 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.08 (m, 1 H,<br />
Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.78 (d, 4 J PH = 2.8 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.57 (m, 1 H,<br />
Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.54 (d, 2 J PH = 9.8 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ), 1.33 (m, 1 H,<br />
Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ); (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ) δ 3.10 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −<br />
CH 2 ), 2.30 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.73 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ),<br />
1.50 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.44 (d, 4 J PH = 2.9 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.114 (dd, 2 J PH = 9.8 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.7 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ), 1.111 (dd, 2 J PH =<br />
9.8 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.7 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz,<br />
CDCl 3 ): δ 127.5−108.1 (several m, CF n ), 98.6 (dd, 1 J RhC = 3.2 Hz,<br />
2 J PC = 1.5 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 98.5 (dd, 1 J RhC = 3.2 Hz, 2 J PC = 1.5 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
37.7 (d, 2 J FC = 24.0 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 37.4 (d, 2 J FC = 25.0 Hz, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ), 17.5 (dd, 1 J PC = 32.4 Hz, 2 J RhC = 0.7 Hz, PMe 3 ), 17.4 (dd,<br />
1 J PC = 32.5 Hz, 2 J RhC = 0.6 Hz, PMe 3 ), 10.01 (s, C 5 Me 5 ), 10.00 (s,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 0.2 (dd, 1 J RhC = 25.6 Hz, 2 J PC = 14.7 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ).<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −72.0 (s, 3 F, CF 3 CF, isomer A),<br />
−72.7 (s, 3 F, CF 3 CF, isomer B), −79.5 (s, 3 F, CF 3 CF 2 , isomer A),<br />
−79.7 (s, 3 F, CF 3 CF 2 , isomer B), −120.2 (AB doublet <strong>of</strong> multiplets,<br />
2 J FF = 292.6 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 ,isomerA),−120.3 (m, 2 F, CF 2 ,isomerB),<br />
−121.5 (AB doublet <strong>of</strong> multiplets, 2 J FF = 293.7 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 ,isomerA),<br />
−180.8 (m, 1 F, CF, isomer A), −181.3 (m, 1 F, CF, isomer B).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (162.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.4 (d, 1 J RhP = 156.8 Hz), 2.2 (d,<br />
1 J RhP = 156.8 Hz). (+)ESI-MS: m/z 347, 441 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 )] + ),<br />
533, 711 ([M + Na] + );exactmasscalcdforC 19 H 28 F 9 INaPRh 710.9777,<br />
found 710.9778, Δ =0.14ppm.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 }I(PPh 3 )] (3b′). PPh 3 (19 mg,<br />
0.072 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> 1b + 2b (43 mg, 0.034 mmol<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1b) inCH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 20 h and<br />
evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was extracted with<br />
n-pentane (5 mL). The extract was filtered, concentrated to ca. 1 mL,<br />
and stored at −32 °C for 24 h. The orange-red crystals that formed<br />
were separated from the mother liquor and washed twice with 1 mL<br />
portions <strong>of</strong> cold n-pentane (46 mg, 77%). Mp: 131−133 °C. Anal.<br />
Calcd for C 34 H 34 F 9 IPRh: C, 46.70; H, 3.92. Found: C, 46.62; H, 3.44.<br />
1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 7.73 (br m, 6 H, Ph), 7.00 (br m, 9 H,<br />
Ph), 3.56 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.44 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ),<br />
2.16−1.87 (m, 2 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.33 (s, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.32 (d,<br />
15 H, C 5 Me 5 ); (400.9 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.65−7.34 (br m, 15 H, Ph),<br />
2.94 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.07 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.76−<br />
1.65 (m, 2 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.51 (d, 4 J PH = 2.8 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.49 (d, 4 J PH = 2.8 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100.8 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ 137.5−132.5 (several br m, Ph), 130.1 (s, Ph), 127.9 (d,<br />
J PC = 9.4 Hz, Ph), 126−108 (several overlapping m, CF n ), 99.7 (m,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 95.5−92.4 (m, CF n ), 39.5 (d, 2 J FC = 20.9 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −<br />
CH 2 ), 39.0 (d, 2 J FC = 21.2 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 9.4 (s, C 5 Me 5 ), 9.3 (s,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 2.5 (dd, 1 J RhC = 24.9 Hz, 2 J PC = 13.0 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.4<br />
(dd, 1 J RhC = 24.6 Hz, 2 J PC = 13.0 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ). 19 F NMR<br />
(188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −72.5 (m, 3 F, CFCF 3 , isomer A), −74.4 (m, 3<br />
F, CFCF 3 , isomer B), −80.1 (dq, 5 J FF = 4.6 Hz, 4 J FF = 9.0 Hz, 3 F,<br />
CF 2 CF 3 , isomer A), −80.8 (dq, 5 J FF = 5.8 Hz, 4 J FF = 10.3 Hz, 3 F,<br />
CF 2 CF 3 , isomer B), −120.3 (dq, 3 J FF = 6.7 Hz, 4 J FF = 9.2 Hz, 2 F, CF 2 ,<br />
isomer B), −121.4 (dqd, 1 J FF = 292.2 Hz, 3 J FF = 6.9 Hz, 4 J FF = 11.5 Hz,<br />
1F,CF 2 , isomer A), −123.2 (dqd, 1 J FF = 292.1 Hz, 3 J FF = 6.2 Hz,<br />
4 J FF = 9.2 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 , isomer A), −182.0 (m, 1 F, CF, isomers A and<br />
B). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (162.3 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 40.5 (d, 1 J RhP = 161.8 Hz),<br />
40.0 (d, 1 J RhP = 162.1 Hz). (+)ESI-MS: m/z 499 ([Rh(C 5 Me 4 CH 2 )-<br />
(PPh 3 )] + ), 557, 627 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PPh 3 )] + ), 897 ([M + Na] + ), 995<br />
([Rh 2 (η 5 -Cp*) 2 I 2 (C 2 H 4 C 4 F 9 )(H 2 O)] + ); exact mass calcd for<br />
C 34 H 34 F 9 INaPRh 897.0246, found 897.0253, Δ = 0.8 ppm.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 C(CF 3 ) 3 }I(PMe 3 )] (3c). Method A. This<br />
was prepared in the same way as 3a starting from [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (122 mg, 0.41 mmol), PMe 3 (0.45 mmol), and IC(CF 3 ) 3<br />
(150 mg, 0.43 mmol). The volatiles were removed under vacuum, and<br />
the residue was extracted with n-pentane (25 mL). Evaporation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
solvent gave an orange solid (230 mg, 80%).<br />
Method B. IC(CF 3 ) 3 (185 mg, 0.52 mmol) was added to a solution<br />
<strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (111 mg, 0.38 mmol) in n-pentane<br />
(4 mL). After stirring for 20 h at room temperature, the solvent was<br />
removed under vacuum, and the dark red residue was dissolved in<br />
toluene (5 mL). Then PMe 3 (0.37 mmol) was added, and the solution<br />
was stirred for 3 h. The volatiles were removed under vacuum, and<br />
the residue was extracted with n-pentane (40 mL). The extract was<br />
evaporated to dryness, and the residue was chromatographed on a<br />
silica gel column, eluting with Et 2 O/n-hexane (1:1). The collected<br />
fraction (R f = 0.5) was evaporated to dryness to give an orange solid<br />
(135 mg, 52%). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained by slow<br />
evaporation <strong>of</strong> an n-hexane solution. Mp: 135−137 °C. Anal. Calcd for<br />
C 19 H 28 F 9 IPRh: C, 33.16; H, 4.10. Found: C, 33.22; H, 4.16. 1 H NMR<br />
(400.9 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.23 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.30 (m, 1 H,<br />
Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.76−1.65 (m, 2 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.45 (d, 4 J PH =<br />
3.0 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.11 (dd, 2 J PH = 9.9 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.9 Hz, 9 H,<br />
PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 122.7 (qm, 1 J CF =<br />
287.6 Hz, CF 3 ), 98.8 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.8 Hz, 2 J PC = 3.2 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 60.7<br />
(decaplet, 2 J CF = 24.2 Hz, CCF 3 ), 36.6 (d, J PC or RhC = 3.6 Hz, Rh−<br />
1295<br />
Article<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ), 17.5 (dd, 1 J PC = 32.5 Hz, 2 J RhC = 0.5 Hz, PMe 3 ), 10.1 (d,<br />
2 J RhC = 1.1 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.6 (dd, 1 J RhC = 25.6 Hz, 2 J PC = 14.4 Hz, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −65.0 (s). 31 P{ 1 H}<br />
NMR (121.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.6 (d, 1 J RhP = 156.4 Hz). (+)ESI-MS:<br />
m/z 347, 441 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 )] + ), 706 ([M + NH 4 ] + ); exact mass<br />
calcd for C 19 H 32 NF 9 IPRh 706.0223, found 706.0223.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 C 6 F 5 )I(PMe 3 )] (3d). This was prepared from<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (128 mg, 0.44 mmol), PMe 3 (0.44 mmol),<br />
and IC 6 F 5 (59 μL, 0.44 mmol) in a similar way to 3a (method A).<br />
Column chromatography (silica gel) using Et 2 O/n-hexane (3:1) as<br />
eluent gave an orange fraction (R f = 0.87), which was evaporated to<br />
dryness to give an orange oil (130 mg, 47%). Crystalline 3d was<br />
obtained by slow diffusion <strong>of</strong> n-hexane into a C 6 D 6 solution. Mp:<br />
148−151 °C. Anal. Calcd for C 21 H 28 F 5 IPRh: C, 39.64; H, 4.44. Found:<br />
C, 39.60; H, 4.60. 1 H NMR (400.9 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.84 (m, 1 H, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.38 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.96 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −<br />
CH 2 ), 1.62 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.58 (d, 4 J PH = 2.7 Hz, 15 H,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 1.28 (dd, 2 J PH = 9.8 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.6 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H}<br />
NMR (75.5 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 144.7 (dm, 1 J CF = 242.2 Hz, C2 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ),<br />
139.1 (dm, 1 J CF = 248.9 Hz, C4 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ), 137.7 (dm, 1 J CF = 250.5 Hz,<br />
C3 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ), 119.9 (tm, 2 J CF = 19.5 Hz, C1 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ), 98.3 (dd, 1 J RhC =<br />
4.5 Hz, 2 J PC = 3.5 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 30.1 (d, J PC or RhC = 5.7 Hz, RhCH 2 CH 2 ),<br />
17.4 (d, 1 J PC = 32.1 Hz, PMe 3 ), 13.6 (dd, 1 J RhC = 25.3 Hz, 2 J PC = 14.6<br />
Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 10.0 (s, C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ<br />
−146.3 (m, 2 F, F2), −160.5 (m, 1 F, F4), −163.3 (m, 2 F, F3).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 3.9 (d, 1 J RhP = 159.5 Hz). (+)ESI-<br />
MS (MeCOMe): m/z 194 ([C 6 F 5 −C 2 H 3 ] + ), 237 ([Rh(C 5 Me 4 CH 2 )] + ),<br />
365 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I] + ), 441 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 )] + ), 636 (M + ).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 C 6 F 5 )I(PPh 3 )] (3e′). This was prepared<br />
from [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (100 mg, 0.34 mmol), PPh 3 (90 mg,<br />
0.34 mmol), and ICF 2 C 6 F 5 (54 μL, 0.34 mmol) in a similar way to 3a′<br />
(method A). After 15 h the resulting suspension was filtered. The<br />
precipitate was identified as [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PPh 3 )] by NMR spectroscopy<br />
(see below). The filtrate was purified by column<br />
chromatography (silica gel) using Et 2 O/n-hexane (1:1) as eluent.<br />
The orange fraction (R f = 0.7) was evaporated to dryness to give an<br />
orange solid (37 mg, 12%). Yellow-orange crystals were obtained from<br />
Et 2 O/n-pentane at −32 °C. Mp: 141−143 °C. Anal. Calcd for<br />
C 37 H 34 F 7 IPRh: C, 50.94; H, 3.93. Found: C, 50.53; H, 3.57. 1 H NMR<br />
(300.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.65−7.10 (br m, 15 H, Ph), 2.92 (m, 1 H,<br />
Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 2.07 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.59 (m, 1 H, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.28 (m, 1 H, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 1.51 (d, 4 J PH = 2.8 Hz, 15<br />
H, C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 137.6−131.8 (br m,<br />
Ph), 129.8 (br s, Ph), 127.7 (br s, Ph), 99.6 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.6 Hz, 2 J PC =<br />
3.1 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 47.4 (t, 2 J FC = 21.6 Hz, Rh−CH 2 −CH 2 ), 9.3 (s,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ), 3.1 (ddd, 1 J RhC = 24.8 Hz, 2 J PC = 13.4 Hz, 3 J FC = 2.6 Hz, Rh−<br />
CH 2 −CH 2 ). The signals <strong>of</strong> the CF 2 C 6 F 5 carbons could not be assigned<br />
because <strong>of</strong> their low intensity and overlap with phenylic signals. 19 F<br />
NMR (188.3 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ −84.6 (dm, 2 J FF = 255.3 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 ),<br />
−95.4 (dm, 2 J FF = 257.6 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 ), −140.6 (m, 2 F, F2 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ),<br />
−152.9 (t, 1 F, 2 J FF = 21.1 Hz, F4 <strong>of</strong> C 6 F 5 ), −161.9 (m, 2 F, F3 <strong>of</strong><br />
C 6 F 5 ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 41.6 (d, 1 J RhP = 161.8<br />
Hz). (+)ESI-MS: m/z 496, 499 ([Rh(C 5 Me 4 CH 2 )(PPh 3 )] + ), 537, 565,<br />
627 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 )] + ), 721, 745 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
(C 2 H 4 CF 2 C 6 F 5 )(PMe 3 )] + ), 911 ([M + K] + ); exact mass calcd for<br />
C 37 H 34 F 7 IKPRh 911.0023, found 911.0000, Δ = 2.5 ppm. [Rh(η 5 -<br />
Cp*)I 2 (PPh 3 )]: 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.82−7.20 (several<br />
br m, 15 H, Ph), 1.76 (d, 3 J RhH = 3.3 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR<br />
(121.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 27.8 (d, 1 J RhP = 148.7 Hz). These data are in<br />
agreement with those <strong>of</strong> a sample prepared by a reported method. 69,70<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CF 2 C 6 F 5 )I(PMe 3 )] (4e). This was prepared from<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (137 mg, 0.47 mmol), PMe 3 (0.56 mmol),<br />
and ICF 2 C 6 F 5 (76 μL, 0.48 mmol) in a similar way to 3a (method A).<br />
Column chromatography (silica gel) using Et 2 O/n-hexane (3:1) as eluent<br />
gave an orange fraction (R f = 0.6), which was evaporated to dryness to<br />
give an orange solid (165 mg, 47%). The 1 H, 19 F, and 31 P{ 1 H} NMR<br />
data <strong>of</strong> this compound agreed with those previously reported. 22<br />
Reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with I n C 3 F 7 . PMe 3<br />
(0.054 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ]<br />
(16 mg, 0.054 mmol) in C 6 D 6 (0.5 mL) in an NMR tube. The tube<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
was closed and heated at 120 °C for 20 h. Then, it was cooled to room<br />
temperature, and I n C 3 F 7 (8 μL, 0.054 mmol) was added. After 24 h,<br />
1 H, 19 F, and 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> the resulting dark red-brown<br />
solution were measured. [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)( n C 3 F 7 )I(PMe 3 )] (4f) 21 and<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )] 69,70 were the main reaction products,<br />
accounting respectively for 40% and 27% <strong>of</strong> the mixture (the ratio is<br />
based on the integration <strong>of</strong> the 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> the mixture).<br />
Their NMR data were in agreement with those previously reported. 4f:<br />
1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ) δ 1.50 (d, 3 J RhH = 3.3 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.24 (d, 2 J PH = 10.6 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ):<br />
δ −66.1 (AB d, 2 J FF = 272.4 Hz, 1 F, RhCF 2 ), −68.7 (AB d, 2 J FF =269.3<br />
Hz, 1 F, RhCF 2 ), −78.5 (t, 3 J FF =11.3Hz,3F,CF 3 ), −113.3 (AB d, 2 J FF =<br />
279.7 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 CF 3 ), −114.9 (AB d, 2 J FF = 279.1 Hz, 1 F, CF 2 CF 3 ).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (121.5 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.7 (dm, 1 J RhP =150.7Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )]: 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 1.58 (d,<br />
3 J RhH =3.4Hz,15H,C 5 Me 5 ), 1.48 (d, 2 J PH =10.1Hz,9H,PMe 3 ).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (121.5 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −2.0 (d, 1 J RhP =138.2Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)( n C 4 F 9 )I(PMe 3 )] (4g). This was prepared from<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (150 mg, 0.51 mmol), PMe 3 (0.61 mmol),<br />
and I n C 4 F 9 (90 μL, 0.51 mmol) in a similar way to 3a (method A).<br />
Column chromatography (silica gel) using Et 2 O as eluent gave an<br />
orange fraction (R f = 0.95), which was evaporated to dryness to give an<br />
orange oil (40 mg, 12%). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained by<br />
slow evaporation <strong>of</strong> a toluene solution. Mp: 153−156 °C. Anal. Calcd<br />
for C 17 H 24 F 9 IPRh: C, 30.93; H, 3.66. Found: C, 31.01; H, 3.36. 1 H<br />
NMR (400.9 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 1.49 (d, 4 J PH = 2.8 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.23 (d, 2 J PH = 10.5 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ 101.5 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.5 Hz, 2 J PC = 2.9 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 19.0 (d,<br />
1 J PC = 33.3 Hz, PMe 3 ), 10.4 (s, C 5 Me 5 ). The signals corresponding to<br />
the carbons <strong>of</strong> the n C 4 F 9 group were not observed. 19 F NMR (188.3<br />
MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ −66.2 (AB d, 2 J FF = 272.1 Hz, 1 F, RhCF 2 ), −68.3 (AB<br />
d, 2 J FF = 273.0 Hz, 1 F, RhCF 2 ), −80.8 (s, 3 F, CF 3 ), −110.3 (AB d,<br />
2 J FF = 285.4 Hz, 1 F, C β F 2 ), −111.7 (AB d, 2 J FF = 285.4 Hz, 1 F, C β F 2 ),<br />
−124.6 (m, 2 F, C γ F 2 ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 2.7 (dm,<br />
1 J RhP = 150.5 Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(CFCF 2 )I(PMe 3 )] (4h). This was prepared from<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (157 mg, 0.53 mmol), PMe 3 (0.64 mmol),<br />
and ICFCF 2 (53 μL, 0.56 mmol) in a similar way to 3a (method A).<br />
Column chromatography (silica gel) using Et 2 O/n-hexane (3:1) as<br />
eluent gave an orange fraction (R f = 0.6), which was evaporated to<br />
dryness to give an orange solid (40 mg, 14%). Mp: 132−135 °C. Anal.<br />
Calcd for C 15 H 24 F 3 IPRh: C, 34.51; H, 4.63. Found: C, 34.21; H, 4.68.<br />
1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 1.53 (d, 4 J PH = 2.9 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.30 (d, 2 J PH = 10.8 Hz, 9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5 MHz,<br />
C 6 D 6 ): δ 160.2 (ddd, 1 J CF = 311.7 and 259.8 Hz, 2 J CF = 47.4 Hz, CF<br />
CF 2 ), 100.1 (dd, 1 J RhC = 4.5 Hz, 2 J PC = 3.0 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 18.3 (d, 1 J PC =<br />
34.3 Hz, PMe 3 ), 10.0 (s, C 5 Me 5 ). The signal corresponding to the<br />
CFCF 2 carbon was not observed. 19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, C 6 D 6 ):<br />
δ −90.4 (dd, 2 J FF = 93.9 Hz, 3 J FF cis = 38.8 Hz, RhCCF trans to Rh),<br />
−121.9 (dd, 2 J FF = 93.7 Hz, 3 J FF trans = 109.4 Hz, RhCCF cis to Rh),<br />
−140.4 (ddt, 3 J FF trans = 110.3 Hz, 3 J FF cis = 3 J PF = 36.9 Hz, 2 J RhF = 15.0<br />
Hz, RhCFC). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 6.0 (dd, 1 J RhP =<br />
140.8 Hz, 3 J PF = 39.9 Hz).<br />
Reaction <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] with ICF(CF 3 )-<br />
CF 2 CF 3 . PMe 3 (0.07 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -<br />
Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (21 mg, 0.071 mmol) in C 6 D 6 (0.5 mL) in an NMR<br />
tube. The tube was closed and heated at 120 °C until the conversion<br />
<strong>of</strong> the starting complex into [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] was<br />
complete according to the 1 H and 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectra (24 h).<br />
Then, ICF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 was added (12 μL, 0.073 mmol). A fast color<br />
change from yellow to dark red was observed. After 24 h at room<br />
temperature, a crystalline orange-red solid precipitated. After<br />
measuring NMR spectra, the solution was removed and the solid<br />
was washed with toluene (3 × 0.5 mL) and Et 2 O(3× 1 mL) and<br />
dried under vacuum. In the 19 F NMR spectrum <strong>of</strong> the solution, the<br />
main signals corresponded to trans- and cis-octafluoro-2-butene: 71 19 F<br />
NMR (188.3 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ (trans isomer) −69.1 (m, 6 F, CF 3 ),<br />
−159.8 (m, 2 F, CF); (cis isomer) −66.7 (m, 6 F, CF 3 ), −141.6 (m, 2<br />
F, CF). Data <strong>of</strong> the solid: 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ,21°C): δ<br />
1296<br />
Article<br />
13.8 (very br s, 1 H, F n+1 H − n ), 1.94 (t, 4 J PH = 3.2 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
1.76 (m, 9 H, PMe 3 ); (−90 °C) δ 16.2 (br t, 1 J FH = 121 Hz, HF − 2 ),<br />
13.7 (br d, 1 J FH = 352 Hz, H 2 F − 3 ), 1.83 (br s, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.64 (br s, 9 H,<br />
PMe 3 ). 19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ,21°C): δ −128.2 (very br s,<br />
SiF 2− 6 ), −165.4 (very br s, F n+1 H − n ); (−90 °C) δ −128.5 (br s,<br />
SiF 2− 6 ), −146.6 (br t, 1 J FH = 131.5 Hz, [FHFHF] − ), −149.5 (br d, 1 J FH =<br />
123.6 Hz, [FHF] − ), −174.3 (br dd, 1 J FH = 350.0 Hz, 2 J FF = 130.9 Hz,<br />
[FHFHF] − ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 1.2 (d, 1 J RhP =<br />
131.9 Hz). (+)ESI-MS: m/z 517 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(PMe 3 ) 2 ] + ); exact mass<br />
calcd for C 16 H 33 IP 2 Rh 517.0152, found 517.0171, Δ =3.7ppm.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp)( n C 4 F 9 )I(PMe 3 )] (5). A solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )-<br />
(PMe 3 )] (290 mg, 1.07 mmol) in n-pentane (10 mL) was treated with<br />
I n C 4 F 9 (0.19 mL, 1.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min.<br />
An orange solid precipitated, which was filtered, washed with n-pentane<br />
(2 × 10 mL), and dried under vacuum (302 mg, 48%). Mp: 196−<br />
198 °C. Anal. Calcd for C 12 H 14 F 9 IPRh: C, 24.43; H, 2.39. Found: C,<br />
24.31; H, 2.44. 1 H NMR (200.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 5.52 (d, 2 J RhH =1.5<br />
Hz, 5 H, C 5 H 5 ), 1.81 (d, 2 J PH =11.4Hz,9H,PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR<br />
(100.8 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 135.3 (m, CF 2 ), 117.9 (qt, 1 J FC = 288.1 Hz,<br />
2 J FC = 34.1 Hz, CF 3 ), 114.9−106.1 (two overlapped multiplets, 2 CF 2 ),<br />
90.4 (s, C 5 H 5 ), 21.0 (d, 1 J PC = 35.6 Hz, PMe 3 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz,<br />
CDCl 3 ): δ −54.8 (AB d, 2 J FF = 254.2 Hz, 1 F, C α F A ), −66.5 (AB d,<br />
2 J FF = 257.0 Hz, 1 F, C α F B ), −81.7 (br s, 3 F, CF 3 ), −110.0 (AB d, 2 J FF =<br />
281.9Hz,1F,C β F A ), −111.8 (AB d, 2 J FF = 279.6 Hz, 1 F, C β F B ), −125.7<br />
(m, 2 F, C γ F 2 ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, C 6 D 6 ): δ 9.8 (dddd, 1 J RhP =<br />
146.0 Hz, J PF = 21.9, 9.5, and 6.4 Hz).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(CNXy)(PPh 3 )](OTf) (6). AgOTf<br />
(36 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> 3a′ (116 mg,<br />
0.14 mmol) in THF (9 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at room<br />
temperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue was stirred with<br />
CH 2 Cl 2 (9 mL), and the suspension was filtered. XyNC (19 mg,<br />
0.14 mmol) was added to the resulting orange solution. After stirring<br />
for 5 h at room temperature, the resulting light orange solution was<br />
evaporated to dryness. The residue was washed with Et 2 O(3× 5 mL)<br />
and dried under vacuum to give 5 as a yellowish-brown solid (106 mg,<br />
87%). Anal. Calcd for C 43 H 43 F 10 NO 3 PRhS: C, 52.82; H, 4.43; N, 1.43;<br />
S, 3.28. Found: C, 52.53; H, 4.50; N, 1.51; S, 3.24. IR (Nujol, cm −1 ):<br />
ν(CN) 2133. 1 H NMR (400.9 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 7.59 (m, 3 H, H4<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ph), 7.51 (m, 6 H, H3 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 7.31 (m, 7 H, H2 <strong>of</strong> Ph and H4 <strong>of</strong><br />
Xy), 7.17 (d, 3 J HH = 7.6 Hz, 2 H, H3 <strong>of</strong> Xy), 2.37−2.22 (m, 2 H,<br />
CH 2 CF), 2.18 (s, 6 H, Me <strong>of</strong> Xy), 1.80−1.57 (m, 2 H, RhCH 2 ), 1.67<br />
(d, 4 J PH = 2.9 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100.8 MHz,<br />
CDCl 3 ): δ 151.7 (dd, 1 J RhC = 72.1 Hz, 2 J PC = 25.2 Hz, CN), 135.2<br />
(s, C2 <strong>of</strong> Xy), 133.3 (d, 2 J PC = 9.7 Hz, C2 or C3 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 132.1 (s, C4 <strong>of</strong><br />
Ph), 130.4 (s, C4 <strong>of</strong> Xy), 129.3 (br d, 2 J PC = 48.2 Hz, C1 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 129.3<br />
(d, 2 J PC = 10.5 Hz, C3 or C2 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 128.8 (s, C3 <strong>of</strong> Xy), 126.5 (s, C−<br />
N), 120.81 (qd, 1 J FC = 286.6 Hz, 2 J FC = 28.2 Hz, CF 3 ), 120.74 (qd,<br />
1 J FC = 286.7 Hz, 2 J FC = 28.1 Hz, CF 3 ), 104.9 (d, 1 J RhC = 2.1 Hz, 2 J PC =<br />
3.9 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 91.0 (d <strong>of</strong> septuplets, 1 J FC = 201.7 Hz, 2 J FC = 31.0 Hz,<br />
CF), 35.3 (d, 2 J FC = 21.5 Hz, CH 2 CF), 18.8 (s, MeAr), 9.3 (s, C 5 Me 5 ),<br />
4.8 (dd, 1 J RhC = 23.4 Hz, 2 J PC = 9.4 Hz, RhCH 2 ). 19 F NMR (188.3<br />
MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ −75.4 (dq, 3 J FF = 4 J FF = 8.6 Hz, CF 3 CF), −76.9 (dq,<br />
3 J FF = 4 J FF = 8.6 Hz, CF 3 CF), −79.0 (s, OTf), −184.9 (m, CF).<br />
31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.0 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 43.5 (d, 1 J RhP = 131.0 Hz).<br />
(+)ESI-MS: m/z 828 (M + ); exact mass calcd for C 42 H 43 F 7 NPRh<br />
828.2071, found 828.2087, Δ = 1.9 ppm.<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*){C(O)CH 2 CH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 }(CO)(PPh 3 )]OTf (7). AgOTf<br />
(32 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong> 3a′ (100 mg,<br />
0.12 mmol) in THF (10 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room<br />
temperature for 2 h and evaporated to dryness. The residue was<br />
extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (8 mL), and the extract was filtered. CO was<br />
bubbled through the extract for 3 min. Then, the reaction tube was<br />
closed and the solution was stirred for 48 h at room temperature. A<br />
small amount <strong>of</strong> black precipitate was removed by filtration, and the<br />
filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give a dark yellow solid, which<br />
was washed with n-pentane (3 × 3 mL) to give crude 7 (73 mg, 69%).<br />
Yellow, analytically pure crystals were obtained by liquid diffusion <strong>of</strong><br />
n-pentane into a CH 2 Cl 2 solution. Mp: 144−146 °C. Anal. Calcd for<br />
C 36 H 34 F 10 O 5 PRhS: C, 47.91; H, 3.80; S, 3.55. Found: C, 48.23; H,<br />
3.79; S, 3.35. IR (Nujol, cm −1 ): ν(CO) 2043 (CO), 1682 (CO).<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
Article<br />
Table 2. Crystallographic Data<br />
1a·C 6 D 6 1b 3c 4g 7 8<br />
formula C 36 H 38 D 6 F 14 I 2 Rh 2 C 32 H 38 F 18 I 2 Rh 2 C 19 H 28 F 9 IPRh C 17 H 24 F 9 IPRh C 36 H 34 F 10 O 5 PRhS C 18 H 29 BF 4 INPRh<br />
cryst size (mm 3 ) 0.20 × 0.15 × 0.04 0.17 × 0.11 × 0.10 0.18 × 0.12 × 0.08 0.26 × 0.18 × 0.04 0.21 × 0.19 × 0.08 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.2<br />
cryst syst triclinic monoclinic monoclinic monoclinic monoclinic monoclinic<br />
space group P1̅ P2 1 /n P2 1 /c P2 1 /c P2 1 /c P2 1 /c<br />
a (Å) 12.4747(4) 14.6027(14) 17.4942(15) 9.4279(4) 16.6976(11) 8.1288(3)<br />
b (Å) 13.3277(5) 8.1396(8) 10.7840(9) 13.1022(5) 13.5697(9) 21.5156(6)<br />
c (Å) 15.0019(5) 16.9438(16) 13.5254(12) 18.0704(7) 16.8812(11) 12.9148(4)<br />
α (deg) 70.372(2) 90 90 90 90 90<br />
β (deg) 66.215(2) 103.877(2) 107.105(2) 99.886(2) 103.331(2) 95.866(3)<br />
γ (deg) 66.821(2) 90 90 90 90 90<br />
V (Å 3 ) 2051.06(12) 1955.2(3) 2438.8(4) 2199.02(15) 3721.9(4) 2246.92(13)<br />
Z 2 2 4 4 4 4<br />
ρ calcd (g cm −3 ) 1.956 2.080 1.874 1.994 1.611 1.794<br />
F 000 1164 1176 1344 1280 1824 1192<br />
μ (mm −1 ) 2.399 2.533 2.104 2.329 0.650 2.24<br />
transmns 0.9101−0.6175 0.7858−0.5468 0.8497−0.6499 0.9126−0.6541 0.9499−0.8049 1.000−0.842<br />
θ range (deg) 1.52−28.24 2.11−25.68 2.25−28.61 1.93−28.09 1.95−28.74 2.52−31.0<br />
reflns collected 23 839 19 522 16 032 24 816 58 112 101 180<br />
R int 0.0256 0.0492 0.0254 0.0223 0.0280 0.037<br />
data/restraints/params 9196/12/493 3703/0/249 5737/0/288 5074/0/270 9096/13/485 7156/0/252<br />
GOF 1.057 1.092 1.192 1.038 1.064 1.11<br />
R1 a 0.0355 0.0433 0.0371 0.0190 0.0470 0.0296<br />
wR2 b 0.0781 0.1081 0.0739 0.0462 0.1149 0.0699<br />
largest diff peak, hole (e Å −3 ) 1.049, −0.862 2.951, −0.745 0.921, −0.464 0.574, −0.450 1.280, −1.318 2.48, −1.13<br />
a R1 = ∑||F o | − |F c ||/∑|F o | for reflections with I >2σ(I). b wR2 = [∑[w(F 2 o − F 2 c ) 2 ]/∑[w(F 2 o ) 2 ] 0.5 for all reflections; w −1 = σ 2 (F 2 )+(aP) 2 + bP,<br />
where P =(2F 2 c + F 2 o )/3 and a and b are constants set by the program.<br />
1 H NMR (200.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.64−7.52 (m, 9 H, H3 and H4 <strong>of</strong><br />
Ph), 7.43−7.34 (m, 6 H, H2 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 2.93−2.76 (m, 1 H, CH 2 ), 2.46−<br />
2.29 (m, 1 H, CH 2 ), 2.18−1.99 (m, 1 H, CH 2 ), 1.78−1.64 (m, 1 H,<br />
CH 2 ), 1.72 (d, 4 J PH = 3.2 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (75.5<br />
MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 229.5 (dd, 1 J RhC = 27.1 Hz, 2 J PC = 9.5 Hz, CO),<br />
190.0 (dd, 1 J RhC = 76.2, 2 J PC = 20.1, CO), 133.4 (br d, J PC = 9.9 Hz,<br />
C2 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 132.7 (d, J PC = 2.2 Hz, C4 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 129.7 (d, J PC = 11.1 Hz,<br />
C3 <strong>of</strong> Ph), 120.7 (qd, 1 J FC = 286.8 Hz, 2 J FC = 27.9 Hz, CF 3 ), 109.6<br />
(dd, 1 J RhC = 3.5 Hz, 2 J PC = 1.2 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 90.8 (d <strong>of</strong> septuplets,<br />
1 J FC = 204.0 Hz, 2 J FC = 32.2 Hz, CF), 54.7 (s, CH 2 ), 24.3 (d, 2 J FC = 20.7<br />
Hz, CH 2 CF), 9.6 (s, C 5 Me 5 ). The signal <strong>of</strong> the C1 <strong>of</strong> Ph could not be<br />
located. 19 F NMR (282.4 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ −76.9 (m, CF 3 CF), −78.6<br />
(s, OTf), −185.9 (m, CF). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (81.1 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 31.6<br />
(d, 1 J RhP = 136.9 Hz). (+)ESI-MS: m/z 725 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(PPh 3 )-<br />
(COCH 2 CH 2 C 3 F 7 )] + ), 753 ([Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(PPh 3 )(COCH 2 -<br />
CH 2 C 3 F 7 )] + ); exact mass calcd for M + (C 35 H 34 O 2 PF 7 Rh) 753.1234;<br />
found 753.1243 (Δ = 1.2 ppm).<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I(py)(PMe 3 )](BF 4 )(8). Method A. A solution <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (154 mg, 0.52 mmol) and PMe 3 (0.52 mmol)<br />
in toluene (4 mL) was stirred at 120 °C for 24 h in a Carius tube. The<br />
resulting solution <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] was cooled to<br />
room temperature, and [I(py) 2 ](BF 4 ) (195 mg, 0.52 mmol) was<br />
added. The mixture was vigorously stirred for 24 h. An orange solid<br />
precipitated, which was decanted, washed with Et 2 O(3× 5 mL), and<br />
dried under vacuum (202 mg, 64%).<br />
Method B. AgBF 4 (72 mg, 0.37 mmol) was added to a solution <strong>of</strong><br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)I 2 (PMe 3 )] (208 mg, 0.37 mmol) in THF (10 mL) After<br />
stirring for 30 min in the dark, pyridine (30 μL, 0.37 mmol) was added.<br />
Thesuspensionwasstirredfor30minmoreandthenevaporatedto<br />
dryness. The residue was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL). The suspension<br />
was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness under<br />
vacuum. On addition <strong>of</strong> Et 2 O (15 mL), an orange solid precipitated,<br />
which was filtered, washed with n-pentane (5 mL), and dried under<br />
vacuum (133 mg, 60%). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained<br />
by liquid diffusion (CH 2 Cl 2 /n-hexane). Mp: 218−220 °C. Anal. Calcd<br />
for C 18 H 29 BF 4 INPRh: C, 35.62; H, 4.82; N, 2.31. Found: C, 35.78;<br />
1297<br />
H, 4.98; N, 2.28. 1 H NMR (400.9 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 8.86 (br m, 2 H,<br />
H2 <strong>of</strong> py), 7.97 (m, 1 H, H4 <strong>of</strong> py), 7.55 (m, 2 H, H3 <strong>of</strong> py), 1.75 (d,<br />
4 J PH = 3.4 Hz, 15 H, C 5 Me 5 ), 1.66 (dd, 2 J PH = 10.7 Hz, 3 J RhH = 0.5 Hz,<br />
9 H, PMe 3 ). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100.8 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 156.9 (br s, C2<br />
<strong>of</strong> py), 139.9 (s, C4 <strong>of</strong> py), 127.9 (s, C3 <strong>of</strong> py), 100.9 (dd, 1 J RhC = 6.2<br />
Hz, 2 J PC = 2.6 Hz, C 5 Me 5 ), 16.9 (d, 1 J PC = 33.9 Hz, PMe 3 ), 10.2 (s,<br />
C 5 Me 5 ). 19 F NMR (188.3 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ −152.7 (s, 10 BF 4 ), −152.6<br />
(s, 11 BF 4 ). 31 P{ 1 H} NMR (100.8 MHz, CD 2 Cl 2 ): δ 2.0 (d, 1 J RhP =<br />
137.7 Hz).<br />
Anion Trapping Experiments. Typical Procedure. Complex<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 )(PMe 3 )] was generated in situ by heating<br />
[Rh(η 5 -Cp*)(η 2 -C 2 H 4 ) 2 ] (15 mg, 0.051 mmol) and PMe 3 (55 μL <strong>of</strong>a<br />
1 M toluene solution, 0.055 mmol) in C 6 D 6 or D 8 -toluene (0.5 mL) at<br />
120 °C for 24 h in an NMR tube. Then, CH 3 OD and IR F were<br />
consecutively added. After 1 h, the NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> the dark red<br />
solution were measured. The NMR data <strong>of</strong> the detected species (DR F<br />
or HR F ;R F = CF(CF 3 ) 2 , 65,72 C(CF 3 ) 3 , 72,73 n C 4 F 9 , 71,72 and C 6 F 74 5 ) are<br />
given in the Supporting Information.<br />
X-ray Crystallography. <strong>Complexes</strong> 1a, 1b, 3c, 4g, and 7 were<br />
measured on a Bruker Smart APEX, and 8 was measured on an Oxford<br />
Diffraction Xcalibur S diffractometer. Data were collected using monochromated<br />
Mo Kα radiation in ω-scan mode at 100 K. Absorption<br />
corrections were applied on the basis <strong>of</strong> multiscans (Program SADABS<br />
for complexes 1a, 1b, 3c, 4g, and 7 and CrysAlis RED for 8). All structures<br />
were refined anisotropically on F 2 . The methyl groups were<br />
refined using rigid groups (AFIX 137), and the other hydrogens were<br />
refined using a riding model. Special features and exceptions: For<br />
complex 1a, two CF 3 groups are disordered over two positions; for<br />
complex<br />
■<br />
7, all the CF 3 groups are disordered over two positions.<br />
ASSOCIATED CONTENT<br />
*S Supporting Information<br />
Variable-temperature 1 Hand 19 F NMR spectra <strong>of</strong> [Rh(η 5 -Cp*)-<br />
I(PMe 3 ) 2 ]F n+1 H n . NMR data <strong>of</strong> the DR F or HR F species detected<br />
in the anion trapping experiments. Crystallographic information in<br />
dx.doi.org/10.1021/om2009588 | Organometallics 2012, 31, 1287−1299
Organometallics<br />
CIF format. This material is available free <strong>of</strong> charge via the<br />
Internet<br />
■<br />
at http://pubs.acs.org.<br />
AUTHOR INFORMATION<br />
Corresponding Author<br />
*E-mail: jgr@um.es, http://www.um.es/gqo/.<br />
■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />
We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacioń<br />
(grant CTQ2007-60808/BQU, with FEDER support) and<br />
Fundacioń Seńeca (grants 02992/PI/05 and 04539/GERM/06)<br />
for financial support.<br />
■ DEDICATION<br />
† DedicatedtoPr<strong>of</strong>.JuanFornieś on the occasion <strong>of</strong> his retirement.<br />
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