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presence of aflatoxins in smoked-dried fish sold in abeokuta, ogun ...

presence of aflatoxins in smoked-dried fish sold in abeokuta, ogun ...

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CHAPTER TWO<br />

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 9<br />

2.1 Fungi Produc<strong>in</strong>g Aflatox<strong>in</strong>s 10<br />

2.2 Production and Reduction 12<br />

2.3 Uses 13<br />

2.4 Formation and Occurence 13<br />

2.4.1 Prevalence <strong>of</strong> Toxigenic Species <strong>in</strong> Foods 13<br />

2.4.2 Factors Affect<strong>in</strong>g Formation <strong>of</strong> Aflatox<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Foods 13<br />

2.4.3 Occurrence 14<br />

2.5 Presence <strong>in</strong> Human Biological Fluids 14<br />

2.6 Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion <strong>in</strong> Humans 15<br />

2.7 Toxic Effects <strong>in</strong> Humans 16<br />

2.7.1 Immuno-suppression 17<br />

2.7.2 Reproductive and Developmental effects <strong>in</strong> Humans 18<br />

2.7.3 Genetic and Related Effects <strong>in</strong> Humans 20<br />

2.8 Studies <strong>of</strong> Cancer <strong>in</strong> Humans 21<br />

2.9 Human Biological Fluids 22<br />

2.10 Cases–Control Studies 23<br />

2.11 Analysis <strong>of</strong> Aflatox<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> Foods 23<br />

2.12 Regulations and Guidel<strong>in</strong>es 25<br />

2.13 Outstand<strong>in</strong>g Health Questions <strong>in</strong> Aflatox<strong>in</strong> Management 27<br />

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