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holographic principle and the surface of last scatter

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This BET shift parameter, R, <strong>of</strong> Eq. (16), is<br />

given in WMAP7, as<br />

R = 1.725±0.018 (17)<br />

A little algebra shows that <strong>the</strong> BET shift parameter<br />

R provides <strong>the</strong> most accurate available<br />

check, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>holographic</strong> <strong>principle</strong>, by virtue <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> result<br />

⎡⎛<br />

⎢<br />

⎣<br />

⎞<br />

⎝S⎠ ⎛ k<br />

⎞ V.U.<br />

⎝S<br />

k<br />

⎤<br />

⎥<br />

⎠ ⎦<br />

BH<br />

≡ R 4 = 8.85±0.37 (18)<br />

showing a violation, by 21σ.<br />

30

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