Developing the Marcellus Shale: p g Geologic Considerations and ...
Developing the Marcellus Shale: p g Geologic Considerations and ...
Developing the Marcellus Shale: p g Geologic Considerations and ...
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<strong>Developing</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marcellus</strong> <strong>Shale</strong>:<br />
<strong>Geologic</strong> <strong>Considerations</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
Technology<br />
November, 2010<br />
Michael A. Arthur<br />
Department of Geosciences & MCOR
<strong>Shale</strong> Gas Basins in <strong>the</strong> U.S.<br />
<strong>Shale</strong> gas is coming on strong since success in Barnett <strong>Shale</strong> of Texas<br />
This resource was not considered economic ten years ago
Natural Gas Resource Major <strong>Shale</strong><br />
Plays<br />
Estimates of<br />
Technical<br />
Reoverable<br />
Resources Vary<br />
but…<br />
The <strong>Marcellus</strong><br />
<strong>Shale</strong> is a “gas<br />
giant”!
Pennsylvania’s Oil <strong>and</strong> Gas<br />
Wet Gas<br />
1300 BTU<br />
Dry Gas<br />
1000 BTU<br />
Dry Gas is “pipeline ready”<br />
whereas Wet Gas requires<br />
processing for separation of<br />
liquids from methane.
Middle Devonian Stratigraphic<br />
Nomenclature in Appalachian Basin<br />
<strong>Marcellus</strong> <strong>Shale</strong> Distribution<br />
Study<br />
interval
On <strong>the</strong> microscale, gas is sorbed on<br />
matrix <strong>and</strong> kerogen surfaces <strong>and</strong><br />
difficult to extract.
<strong>Marcellus</strong> Depth Map<br />
<strong>Marcellus</strong> <strong>Shale</strong> exposed<br />
at surface (“outcrop”)<br />
Depth to top of <strong>Marcellus</strong><br />
<strong>Shale</strong> in feet
Thickness of <strong>Marcellus</strong> <strong>Shale</strong>
Maximum Gamma Ray Values for<br />
<strong>Marcellus</strong> <strong>Shale</strong><br />
Bilger<br />
Yoder
The <strong>Marcellus</strong> is a fractured reservoir!<br />
Fractures allow for connectivity between<br />
matrix porosity <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> well bore.<br />
Looking WSW<br />
Leroy, New York<br />
J J<br />
J<br />
J 1 J 1 1<br />
J J 1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1<br />
J 1<br />
J 2<br />
J 2<br />
Photo: Gary<br />
matrix porosity<br />
J 2<br />
Lash<br />
<strong>Marcellus</strong> (Appalachian Plateau, NY)
<strong>Marcellus</strong> Well Layout from Single Pad<br />
J2<br />
Horizontal<br />
“laterals” 2000<br />
to 7000 ft long<br />
J1<br />
MAX<br />
Pattern can<br />
“drain” natural<br />
gas from up<br />
to 640 Acres<br />
(1 sq. mile)<br />
MIN<br />
Pad<br />
13%<br />
N
<strong>Marcellus</strong> Drilling & Completions<br />
12 Frac Stages<br />
Courtesy East Resources<br />
5300 ft<br />
Type well bore schematic<br />
4400 ft. lateral<br />
13%<br />
5700 ft
Height-Depth of Fracturing Based on Microseismic Data<br />
Courtesy East Resources (now Shell Appalachia)
Fractures <strong>and</strong> Seals<br />
T. Engelder, PSU<br />
Limestone<br />
Layer Frac.<br />
Barrier?
Technology for <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marcellus</strong> Play<br />
Horizontal Drilling<br />
“Hydrofrac” : fluids pumped into well<br />
at high pressure to create fracture<br />
pathways for gas migration
<strong>Marcellus</strong> Well Production History<br />
Estimates<br />
After Chesapeake Energy, 2008; Talisman Energy, 2008
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