Silicon Detectors - HEPHY

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2.1 Materials  Elemental semiconductors! ! Germanium: Used in nuclear physics, due to small band gap (0.66 eV) needs cooling (usually done with liquid nitrogen at 77 K)! ! Silicon: Standard material for vertex and tracking detectors in high energy physics, can be operated at room temperature, synergies with micro electronics industry.! ! Diamond (CVD or single crystal): Large band gap, requires no depletion zone, very radiation hard, drawback is a low signal and high cost!! M. Krammer, Praktikum 2010/11! Silicon Detectors! 3!
2.1 Materials  Compound semiconductors! Compound semiconductors consist of two (binary semiconductors) or more atomic element. Depending on the column in the periodic system of elements one differentiates between IV-IV- (e.g. SiGe, SiC), III-V-, und II-VI compounds! ! important III-V compounds:! – GaAs: Faster and probably more radiation resistant than Si. ! !Drawback is less experience in industry and cost.! – GaP, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, InAlP! ! important II-VI compounds: ! – CdTe: High atomic numbers (48+52) hence very efficient to detect photons.! – ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, Cd 1-x Zn x Te, Cd 1-x Zn x Se! M. Krammer, Praktikum 2010/11! Silicon Detectors! 4!
Page 1 and 2: Silicon Detectors ! Manfred Krammer
Page 3: 2 Basics! M. Krammer, Praktikum 201
Page 7 and 8: 2.2 Material Properties  Energy b
Page 9 and 10: 2.3 Constructing a Detector  The
Page 11 and 12: 2.4 Doping  Bond model: n-doping
Page 13 and 14: 2.4 Doping  Bond model: p-doping
Page 15 and 16: 2.5 The p-n Junction  Creating a
Page 17 and 18: 2.5 The p-n Junction  Operation w
Page 19 and 20: 2.5 The p-n Junction  Current-vol
Page 21 and 22: 2.6 Detector Characteristics  Dep
Page 23 and 24: 3 Detector Structures! M. Krammer,
Page 25 and 26: 3.1 Microstrip Detector  AC coupl
Page 27 and 28: 3.1 Microstrip Detector  Polysili
Page 29 and 30: 3.3 Hybrid Pixel Detectors   Bump
Page 31 and 32: 4.1 Signal to Noise Ratio   Intro
Page 33 and 34: 4.1 Noise Contributions  Detector
Page 35 and 36: 4.2 Position Resolution  Introduc
Page 37 and 38: 4.2 Position Resolution  Diffusio
Page 39 and 40: 4.2 Position Resolution  Example
Page 41 and 42: 6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  The CM
Page 43 and 44: 6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  Some n
Page 45 and 46: 6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  Exampl
Page 47 and 48: M. Krammer, Praktikum 2010/11! Sili
Page 49 and 50: Tracker Insertion! M. Krammer, Prak
Page 51 and 52: 6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  The pi
Page 53 and 54: 6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  A barr
Page 55 and 56:
6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  PIxel
Page 57:
6.3 The CMS Inner Tracker  Simula
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Silicon Detectors - HEPHY

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