Members Handbook 20023 - ITOPF

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Oil Spill Statistics The <strong>ITOPF</strong> database contains information on approximately 10,000 oil spills from tankers, combined carriers and barges, some 85% of which were less than seven tonnes. More detailed information is available on the <strong>ITOPF</strong> website. Number and Amounts The average number of large oil spills (>700 tonnes) during the 1990s was less than a third of that during the 1970s. This dramatic reduction has been due to the combined efforts of the tanker industry and governments (largely Numbers of large spills (over 700 tonnes), 1970-2008 Quantities of oil spilled, 1970-2008 9
through the IMO) to improve safety and pollution prevention. The total amount of oil spilled each year varies considerably, with a few very large spills being responsible for a high percentage of the total annual quantity. Causes of Spills Most incidents are the result of a combination of actions and circumstances, all of which contribute in varying degrees to the final outcome. Some 35% of spills in the category 7-700 tonnes occurred during routine operations, most especially loading or discharging (28%). Accidents were the main cause of large spills (>700 tonnes), with groundings and collisions accounting for 63% of the total during the period 1974-2008. Other significant causes included hull failures and fire/explosion. Causes of intermediate spills (7-700 tonnes), 1974-2008 10 Causes of large spills (>700 tonnes), 1974-2008
Page 1 and 2: THE INTERNATIONAL TANKER OWNERS POL
Page 3 and 4: ITOPF Directors Mr B Moller Dr T H
Page 5 and 6: In the Event of a Spill of Oil or H
Page 7 and 8: spill, and to reach agreement on me
Page 9: Information Services Library To sup
Page 13 and 14: Volume of oil and water-in-oil emul
Page 15 and 16: Oil Spill Clean-up Techniques 14 Ch
Page 17 and 18: Highest priority should be given to
Page 19 and 20: Organisation of Spill Response and
Page 21 and 22: 20 Contingency Planning A major spi
Page 23 and 24: throughout the entire Pacific Ocean
Page 25 and 26: 24 the most common cause of death i
Page 27 and 28: can be triggered by a spill, which
Page 29 and 30: 28 Industries that rely on seawater
Page 31 and 32: Spill Compensation Civil Liability
Page 33 and 34: However, for the purpose of contrib
Page 35 and 36: cleaning is impossible, replacement
Page 37 and 38: 36 comes from a fund levied on carg
Page 39 and 40: can happen if the incident was caus
Page 41 and 42: OPRC Convention The International C
Page 43 and 44: Publications ITOPF produces a wide
Page 45 and 46: Staffing Managing Director Dr Tosh
Page 47 and 48: Technical Support Manager Tim Wadsw
Page 49 and 50: Useful Addresses International Tank
Page 51 and 52: Terms and Conditions of Membership
Page 53 and 54: for compensation resulting from a s

Members Handbook 20023 - ITOPF

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