90 percent by sea - Defence Academy of the United Kingdom

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90 percent by Sea: Maritime Commerce and the Royal Navy Lt Cdr T A H Kirkwood RN UK Student Disclaimer “The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the UK Ministry of Defence, or any other department of Her Britannic Majesty’s Government of the United Kingdom. Further, such views should not be considered as constituting an official endorsement of factual accuracy, opinion, conclusion or recommendation of the UK Ministry of Defence, or any other department of Her Britannic Majesty’s Government of the United Kingdom”. “© Crown Copyright 2012” i
ABSTRACT The connection between maritime commerce and the Royal Navy is a historic one but since the Second World War, the relationship has become increasingly distant. This paper examines why, and considers the consequences for British seapower in the round as well as for the Royal Navy’s doctrine and focus. Using information presented in academic, parliamentary and government literature, the paper examines the historical relationship between the RN and maritime commerce. It explores the relevance of such a relationship within the modern system of international maritime trade for the RN, as well as the maritime strategies of emerging nations. It concludes that given the continued significance of maritime trade to the UK, the increasing vulnerability of the international system and the normative power of emerging nations’ maritime strategy, the RN will need a doctrinal shift towards an emphasis on the provision of power at sea, as opposed to power from the sea, to meet the challenges of the future. ii
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90 percent by sea - Defence Academy of the United Kingdom

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