Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at McMaster University - Arizona ...
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<strong>Nanoscience</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Nanotechnology</strong><br />
<strong>at</strong> <strong>McMaster</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
A Model for an Interdisciplinary Approach<br />
<strong>Arizona</strong> <strong>Nanotechnology</strong> Symposium: Small is<br />
Big<br />
April 10, 2008
<strong>McMaster</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
• Established in 1887<br />
• 65 km SW of Toronto / 70 km SE of W<strong>at</strong>erloo<br />
• 21,000+ undergradu<strong>at</strong>e <strong>and</strong> gradu<strong>at</strong>e students<br />
• 1,170+ full-time faculty (96% with PhD)<br />
• 6 Faculties – health sciences, engineering,<br />
business, humanities, science, social science<br />
• 140 undergradu<strong>at</strong>e degree programs<br />
• Students & faculty from 70+ countries<br />
• 40+ intern<strong>at</strong>ional exchange agreements<br />
• Among the Top 10 best places to work in academia<br />
(The Scientist)
CEDT<br />
Centre for Emerging Device Technologies<br />
Devices<br />
Systems<br />
Micro- <strong>and</strong> Nanosystems<br />
Labor<strong>at</strong>ory<br />
(CFI/ORF RI 2007)<br />
M<strong>at</strong>erials
FACILITIES<br />
M<strong>at</strong>erials Growth<br />
•Molecular Beam Epitaxy<br />
– AlInGaAsPSb(N)<br />
•ICP-PECVD with in-situ<br />
Ellipsometry<br />
•ECR-PECVD<br />
•RF-Magnetron<br />
Sputtering<br />
•Laser Abl<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
•Pulsed Laser Deposition<br />
Photonic <strong>and</strong><br />
Optoelectronics<br />
Integr<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong><br />
Packaging<br />
M<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
Characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
•Photoluminescence<br />
•Electroluminescence<br />
•Electron Microscopy<br />
•X-ray Diffraction<br />
•Hall Effect<br />
•Positron Annihil<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
•Spectroscopic <strong>and</strong><br />
Scanning Ellipsometry<br />
•Thin Film Stress<br />
Measurement<br />
•Surface Profilometry<br />
•Scanning<br />
Photoluminescence<br />
<strong>and</strong> Reflectance<br />
•Nuclear Magnetic<br />
Resonance<br />
Device Fabric<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Mask Design<br />
Device Modelling<br />
Clean Room Facilities:<br />
Photo- <strong>and</strong> e-beam<br />
lithography<br />
FIB<br />
Metalliz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Reactive Ion Etching<br />
Holographic Gr<strong>at</strong>ings<br />
Device Testing<br />
High-speed/highfrequency<br />
Reliability Studies<br />
Bio-electromagnetics<br />
“Quiet” Environments
Techniques<br />
Theory<br />
New M<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
Fundamentals<br />
Nanoelectronics<br />
Nanom<strong>at</strong>erials Synthesis<br />
Photonics<br />
Health<br />
Environment<br />
Energy<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
UofA<br />
UofA<br />
SFU<br />
Orsay<br />
Oxford<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
Toronto<br />
Montreal<br />
Dalhousie<br />
York<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
INRS<br />
Sherbrooke<br />
Windsor<br />
NRCan<br />
ICPET<br />
Queen’s<br />
ICPET<br />
Windsor<br />
UWO<br />
Queen’s <strong>McMaster</strong><br />
Dalhousie<br />
Laval<br />
Toronto<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
UofA<br />
UBC<br />
INRS<br />
Polytechnique<br />
IMI<br />
SFU<br />
Polytechnique<br />
Cambridge<br />
UofA<br />
Toronto<br />
Manitoba<br />
York<br />
ENS-Cachan<br />
Manitoba<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
USask<br />
Carleton<br />
EPFL<br />
Env. Can.<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
Montreal<br />
Toronto<br />
Delft<br />
FHI<br />
Delft<br />
FHI<br />
Delft<br />
UBC<br />
INRS<br />
Dortmund<br />
Monash<br />
GATech<br />
McGill<br />
UWO<br />
York<br />
Geosciences<br />
UWO<br />
UNB<br />
Ottawa<br />
IMS<br />
NTNU<br />
<strong>McMaster</strong><br />
Polytechnique<br />
Acadia<br />
Tsinghua<br />
UIUC<br />
Montreal<br />
SIMS<br />
McGill<br />
UBC<br />
UBC<br />
Sherbrooke<br />
UBC<br />
Sherbrooke<br />
UofA<br />
UBC<br />
RPI CINT<br />
Cambridge<br />
Queen’s<br />
IMI<br />
Intern<strong>at</strong>ional outreach:<br />
Monash (Australia),<br />
Cambridge,<br />
Imperial College, Rouen<br />
(France)
The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy<br />
2 FEI Titans:<br />
1) double correctors <strong>and</strong> monochrom<strong>at</strong>or<br />
2) image corrector <strong>and</strong> monochrom<strong>at</strong>or, laser<br />
JEOL 2010F, STEM HB601 Cryo, JEOL 7000F SEM, CM12, Zeiss NVision<br />
FIB/SEM
Elemental Analysis of Nanoscale Structures<br />
380 Torr<br />
Al 2<br />
O 3<br />
C<br />
50 nm<br />
Ni-Al<br />
Ni O C<br />
G. Botton’s Group: N. Braidy, PhD student, C.Andrei, PDF<br />
Collabor<strong>at</strong>ion with R. Hughes <strong>and</strong> J. Preston, PLD Labor<strong>at</strong>ory, BIMR
GaAsP Nanowire<br />
Aberr<strong>at</strong>ion-corrected Imaging<br />
Cs (image) corrected Titan<br />
HRTEM images<br />
LaBaCuO<br />
PtRu np<br />
Collabor<strong>at</strong>ions between synthesis <strong>and</strong> characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
experts
MAJOR FOCUS AREAS<br />
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL MATERIALS<br />
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes<br />
Silicon Nanostructures<br />
III-V <strong>and</strong> II-VI Quantum Structures<br />
2<br />
nm<br />
MEMS <strong>and</strong> BIO-MEMS<br />
POLYMER NANOTECHNOLOGY<br />
Crystalliz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Confinement<br />
Self-assembly <strong>and</strong> P<strong>at</strong>tern Form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES<br />
Wireless Sensors<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Photodetectors<br />
Nanoelectronics-based Bio-imaging<br />
Nanowire-based Photovoltaics<br />
Silicon Photonic Circuits
CdTe Nanowire Structures<br />
nanowires<br />
pyramids<br />
tripods<br />
tetrapods<br />
half cylinders<br />
J. Preston, R. Hughes, P.Mascher, S. Neretina, CEDT <strong>and</strong> BIMR
Nanowire structures: InP/InGaAs/InP<br />
R.R. LaPierre<br />
G. Botton
InAs Quantum Dots (GS-MBE)<br />
D.A. Thompson <strong>and</strong> S. Tavakoli<br />
D (Diameter) = 22.1±0.15 nm<br />
H (Height) = 10.03± 0.70 nm<br />
ρ (Density) = 8.04×10 10 cm -2<br />
D = 16.36 ± 0.08 nm<br />
H = 9.14 ± 0.65 nm<br />
ρ = 1.30 × 10 11 cm -2<br />
D = 19.34 ± 0.10 nm<br />
H = 9.23 ± 0.65 nm<br />
ρ = 1.87 × 10 11 cm -2<br />
Room temper<strong>at</strong>ure PL from QDots:<br />
Growth on meta-morphic layers
In 0.53 Ga 0.37 Al 0.1 As<br />
InAs Quantum Wires (GS-MBE)<br />
D.A. Thompson, K. Cui <strong>and</strong> G. Botton<br />
InP<br />
10 nm<br />
5 nm<br />
In 0.53 Ga 0.37 Al 0.1 As<br />
InAs QWrs<br />
0<br />
In 0.53 Ga 0.37 Al 0.1 As<br />
InP Buffer<br />
50 nm<br />
[011]<br />
[011]<br />
2 nm
Si nanocrystal form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
CEDT<br />
Centre for Emerging Device Technologies<br />
X-ray intensity (a.u.)<br />
1100 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
As grown<br />
Si (111)<br />
Si (220)<br />
Si (311)<br />
1100 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
a-Si y O 1-y<br />
y=0.45<br />
t=2 h<br />
Glancingangle<br />
X-ray<br />
diffraction<br />
As grown<br />
15 20 25 30 45 50 55 60<br />
2θ (degrees)<br />
D. Comedi et al., J. Appl. Phys. 99 (2006)
MAJOR FOCUS AREAS<br />
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL MATERIALS<br />
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes<br />
Silicon Nanostructures<br />
III-V <strong>and</strong> II-VI Quantum Structures<br />
2<br />
nm<br />
MEMS <strong>and</strong> BIO-MEMS<br />
POLYMER NANOTECHNOLOGY<br />
Crystalliz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Confinement<br />
Self-assembly <strong>and</strong> P<strong>at</strong>tern Form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES<br />
Wireless Sensors<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Photodetectors<br />
Nanoelectronics-based Bio-imaging<br />
Nanowire-based Photovoltaics<br />
Silicon Photonic Circuits
Atomic Scale NEMS Devices<br />
Rafael Kleiman’s Group<br />
CEDT<br />
Centre for Emerging Device Technologies
MAJOR FOCUS AREAS<br />
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL MATERIALS<br />
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes<br />
Silicon Nanostructures<br />
III-V <strong>and</strong> II-VI Quantum Structures<br />
2<br />
nm<br />
MEMS <strong>and</strong> BIO-MEMS<br />
POLYMER NANOTECHNOLOGY<br />
Crystalliz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Confinement<br />
Self-assembly <strong>and</strong> P<strong>at</strong>tern Form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES<br />
Wireless Sensors<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Photodetectors<br />
Nanoelectronics-based Bio-imaging<br />
Nanowire-based Photovoltaics<br />
Silicon Photonic Circuits
How does crystallis<strong>at</strong>ion start?<br />
These are droplets of<br />
PEO on a substr<strong>at</strong>e<br />
imaged with AFM. The<br />
black droplets have not<br />
yet crystallised (i.e. they<br />
are liquid), the striped<br />
droplets are crystalline<br />
<strong>and</strong> show their lamellae.<br />
Note th<strong>at</strong> the small<br />
droplet has just 10<br />
molecules!<br />
250 nm<br />
Kari Dalnoki-Veress<br />
only ~10 chains (370 kg/mol)!!!
Droplets in an anisotropic liquid<br />
Expected spherical cap<br />
Hyperbolic cap th<strong>at</strong> is layered!<br />
These droplets can be used to make lenses<br />
th<strong>at</strong> have unique optical properties because<br />
they are hyperbolic in shape. They can also<br />
be used as building blocks in nano-devices<br />
Kari Dalnoki-Veress
MAJOR FOCUS AREAS<br />
ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL MATERIALS<br />
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes<br />
Silicon Nanostructures<br />
III-V <strong>and</strong> II-VI Quantum Structures<br />
2<br />
nm<br />
MEMS <strong>and</strong> BIO-MEMS<br />
POLYMER NANOTECHNOLOGY<br />
Crystalliz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Confinement<br />
Self-assembly <strong>and</strong> P<strong>at</strong>tern Form<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES<br />
Wireless Sensors<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Photodetectors<br />
Nanoelectronics-based Bio-imaging<br />
Nanowire-based Photovoltaics<br />
Silicon Photonic Circuits
Ray LaPierre (Engineering Physics) <strong>and</strong> Alex Adronov (Chemistry)<br />
» Adronov fabric<strong>at</strong>es flexible, conductive films of stacked<br />
SWNTs, functionalized with Au nanoparticles<br />
1 μm<br />
CEDT<br />
Centre for Emerging Device Technologies
» the au nanoparticles act as seeds for semiconductor<br />
nanowire growth. Lapierre grows III-V nanowires on<br />
Adronov’s CNT films for PV applic<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
CEDT<br />
Centre for Emerging Device Technologies
• Antimonide m<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
• Mid Infrared lasers/detectors for<br />
Biomedical applic<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
Defense <strong>and</strong> security applic<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
Next gener<strong>at</strong>ion non-silica fibers<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Photodetectors<br />
TEM images<br />
GaSb cap<br />
Top InGaSb<br />
metamorphic layer<br />
n<br />
Top layer n+ In 0.1<br />
Ga 0.9<br />
Sb<br />
n<br />
InGaSb layers<br />
Undoped absorption layer<br />
InAs 0.816 Sb 0.184<br />
GaSb buffer<br />
GaSb substr<strong>at</strong>e<br />
Superl<strong>at</strong>tice Multiplic<strong>at</strong>ion layer<br />
In 0.1 Ga 0.9 Sb /AlInGaSb<br />
p<br />
p<br />
+ Bottom contact p+ In0.1 Ga 0.9 Sb ~ 0.5μm<br />
AFM image<br />
Metamorphically Graded Buffer<br />
from GaSb to In 0.15 Ga 0.85 Sb ~ 1.5μm<br />
p GaSb Substr<strong>at</strong>e<br />
Surface roughness: 0.175nm; Disloc<strong>at</strong>ion density: ~3x10 8 cm -2
Silicon-based Photonic<br />
Systems<br />
Detectors<br />
Optical source<br />
CMOS circuitry<br />
Optical <strong>at</strong>tenu<strong>at</strong>or<br />
Waveguides<br />
Microfluidics<br />
I 1<br />
I 2<br />
Couplers<br />
Silicon bench<br />
P. Jessop, A. Knights, P. Mascher (<strong>McMaster</strong>), G. Tarr (Carleton), S. Janz (NRC)
Device Design & Fabric<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Defect<br />
Implant<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Metal (Al)<br />
contact<br />
SiO 2<br />
n+ (P)<br />
doped<br />
region<br />
1.55 µm<br />
light<br />
x<br />
Si<br />
l<br />
p+ (B)<br />
doped<br />
region<br />
Bradley, Jessop, <strong>and</strong> Knights, APL 86, 241103 (2005).
Silicon Photonics – A Nano Solution?<br />
• Silicon on the nanoscale (Si-ncs)<br />
Nanocrystals<br />
Amorphous nanoclusters<br />
• Quantum confinement<br />
Localiz<strong>at</strong>ion of electrons <strong>and</strong> holes<br />
B<strong>and</strong>gap widening<br />
Relax<strong>at</strong>ion of k-selection rules<br />
• Uncertainty principle<br />
• ‘quasi-direct’ recombin<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
• Inter-b<strong>and</strong>gap electronic st<strong>at</strong>es<br />
Limit observed emission range<br />
Si=O double bond<br />
• Wolkin et al. PRL 82, 197 (1999)
Ce 3+ (<strong>and</strong> Si-ncs)<br />
Eu 2+ (<strong>and</strong> Si-ncs)<br />
PL intensity (a.u.)<br />
10<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
J. Li<br />
AD<br />
700 o C<br />
800 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
1100 o C<br />
1200 o C<br />
PL Intensity (a.u.)<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
J. Li<br />
AD<br />
800 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
1100 o C<br />
1200 o C<br />
0<br />
300 400 500 600 700 800 900<br />
Wavelength (nm)<br />
0<br />
300 400 500 600 700 800 900<br />
Wavelength (nm)<br />
PL intensity (a.u.)<br />
1.6<br />
1.2<br />
0.8<br />
0.4<br />
As deposited<br />
800 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
1100 o C<br />
1200 o C<br />
0.00015<br />
Tb 3+ Er 3+<br />
J. Li<br />
PL Intensity (a.u.)<br />
0.00010<br />
0.00005<br />
As deposited<br />
800 o C<br />
900 o C<br />
1000 o C<br />
1100 o C<br />
1200 o C<br />
D. Blakie<br />
0.0<br />
300 400 500 600 700 800<br />
Wavelength (nm)<br />
0.00000<br />
1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700<br />
Wavelength (nm)
<strong>McMaster</strong> School of Biomedical Engineering –<br />
An Equal Partnership of Engineering <strong>and</strong> Health Sciences<br />
McMASTER SCHOOL OF<br />
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING<br />
RESEARCH<br />
EDUCATION<br />
BIOMATERIALS<br />
LABORATORY<br />
GRADUATE<br />
UNDERGRAD<br />
MEDICAL IMAGING<br />
LABORATORY<br />
BIOPHOTONICS<br />
LABORATORY<br />
INTEGRATED SYSTEMS<br />
LABORATORY<br />
MEDICAL ROBOTICS<br />
LABORATORY<br />
MEDICAL DEVICES<br />
LABORATORY<br />
BIOMECHANICS<br />
LABORATORY<br />
MASTERS<br />
PhD<br />
CHEMICAL AND<br />
BIOENGINEERING<br />
ELECTRICAL AND<br />
BIOMEDICAL ENG<br />
MECHANICAL AND<br />
BIOMEDICAL ENG<br />
FACULTY OF<br />
HEALTH SCIENCES<br />
http://msbe.mcmaster.ca
Encapsul<strong>at</strong>ed fluorescence imaging - clinical<br />
diagnosis<br />
Pulsed UV lasers<br />
Jamal Deen <strong>and</strong> Qiyin Fang<br />
Optical<br />
window<br />
Polymer micro-lens<br />
Extra-cellular<br />
m<strong>at</strong>rix<br />
Normal epithelial<br />
cells<br />
B<strong>at</strong>teries<br />
controller<br />
Malignant cells<br />
Antenna<br />
Transducer<br />
Fluorescence<br />
spectroscopic<br />
imaging array<br />
Detector<br />
http://www.med.howard.edu/an<strong>at</strong>omy/gas/wk6/lect19gi.htm<br />
Fluorescence lifetime<br />
spectroscopic detection<br />
single detector<br />
Mirror<br />
Lens<br />
Green GRIN lens Lens
Bonding <strong>and</strong> Interconnect System<br />
Atom <strong>and</strong> ion<br />
beam cleaning<br />
<strong>and</strong> bonding<br />
cluster<br />
An integr<strong>at</strong>ion facility th<strong>at</strong> will be second to<br />
none in its capabilities<br />
Surface<br />
analyzing<br />
cluster<br />
Load lock chamber with<br />
transport<strong>at</strong>ion tool<br />
Scanning electron<br />
microscope with electron<br />
beam lithography<br />
capability<br />
NBIS’s Fe<strong>at</strong>ures:<br />
Door<br />
Alignment accuracy: +/- 0.5 μm<br />
Surface activ<strong>at</strong>ion: Low vacuum , UHV<br />
Sample accommod<strong>at</strong>ion: as small as 1 sq. mm.<br />
Plasma<br />
cleaning<br />
<strong>and</strong> bonding<br />
cluster<br />
Bonding environments: Low vacuum, UHV N 2 gas, Air<br />
Bonding m<strong>at</strong>erials: Ultra-thin metal, semiconductor,<br />
ceramic <strong>and</strong> piezoelectric m<strong>at</strong>erial<br />
Si<br />
SiO2<br />
CMP-Cu<br />
TaN<br />
Cu<br />
CMP-Cu<br />
CMP-Cu<br />
Key advantages of surface activ<strong>at</strong>ed bonding<br />
• No requirement of external pressure, adhesive or he<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
• Sub-μm alignment <strong>and</strong> placement of components<br />
• Two- <strong>and</strong> three-dimensional integr<strong>at</strong>ion of dissimilar m<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
1 μm<br />
Si (chip side)<br />
SiO 2<br />
Cu bump-less electrode<br />
Si (substr<strong>at</strong>e side)<br />
Cu wire<br />
10 µm
http://www.eng.mcmaster.ca/~wwwmini/<br />
MINI/<br />
Contact Inform<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Gianluigi Botton,<br />
Director<br />
gbotton@mcmaster.ca<br />
John S. Preston, Director<br />
prestonj@mcmaster.ca<br />
Rafael Kleiman,<br />
Director<br />
CEDT<br />
kleiman@mcmaster.c<br />
Centre for Emerging Device<br />
a<br />
Technologies<br />
Micro- <strong>and</strong> Nano-systems<br />
Labor<strong>at</strong>ory M. Jamal Deen, Director<br />
jamal@mcmaster.ca<br />
Peter Mascher, Program Director<br />
mascher@mcmaster.ca
Nano <strong>and</strong> Giga Challenges 14th Canadian Semiconductor<br />
in Electronics,<br />
Technology Conference<br />
Photonics <strong>and</strong> Renewable Energy<br />
Symposium <strong>and</strong> Summer School (Tutorial Lectures)<br />
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, August 10 - 14, 2009<br />
For further inform<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> registr<strong>at</strong>ion visit our web site <strong>at</strong>:<br />
http://asdn.net/ngc2009/ or http://cstc2009.mcmaster.ca<br />
or contact<br />
organizers@asdn.net
<strong>McMaster</strong> <strong>University</strong> – Research Accolades<br />
• Ranked Canada’s most innov<strong>at</strong>ive "medical doctoral"<br />
university eight times in the last 11 years in Maclean's<br />
annual ranking of universities<br />
• Ranked #1 in Canada for Research Intensity ($ per fulltime<br />
faculty) Canada’s Research <strong>University</strong> of the Year 2004<br />
(ResearchInfosource)<br />
• Ranked 6th in Canada’s Top 50 Research Universities with<br />
$308.3 million in sponsored research income<br />
• Ranked among the top 100 universities in the world<br />
(China's Shanghai Jiao Tong <strong>University</strong> annual ranking)<br />
• 1 of only 7 Canadian universities ranked in the top 200<br />
universities in the world by The Times Higher Educ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Supplement (2006)
<strong>McMaster</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
Str<strong>at</strong>egic Research Areas<br />
• Molecular Biology<br />
• Inform<strong>at</strong>ion Technology<br />
• Globaliz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> the Human Condition<br />
• Science-based Innov<strong>at</strong>ion in Manufacturing <strong>and</strong><br />
M<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
• Work <strong>and</strong> Society<br />
• Integr<strong>at</strong>ed Health Research<br />
Faculty of Engineering<br />
Research Priority Areas<br />
• Inform<strong>at</strong>ion Technology<br />
• Biomedical Engineering<br />
• M<strong>at</strong>erials <strong>and</strong> Manufacturing<br />
• Sustainable Energy Systems<br />
• Micro- <strong>and</strong> Nano-systems
<strong>McMaster</strong> Innov<strong>at</strong>ion Park<br />
• 37-acres of brownfields <strong>and</strong> warehouses being<br />
developed into a premiere research park<br />
• Future home of CANMET M<strong>at</strong>erials Technology<br />
Labor<strong>at</strong>ory <strong>and</strong> General Motors of Canada’s Centre<br />
for Corrosion Engineering Research
Nanoelectronics-based Bio-imaging<br />
High speed switch<br />
Pulse gener<strong>at</strong>or<br />
(Si-Ge) - Antenna<br />
(Copper)<br />
(MEMS)<br />
P<strong>at</strong>tern gener<strong>at</strong>or<br />
15<br />
(CMOS)<br />
Coupling medium<br />
(Quartz glass)<br />
Clock gener<strong>at</strong>or<br />
(CMOS)<br />
Threshold<br />
selector<br />
(CMOS)<br />
Wideb<strong>and</strong> LNA<br />
(Si-Ge or compound<br />
semiconductor)<br />
Signal<br />
processor<br />
(CMOS)<br />
|S 21<br />
| (dB)<br />
Sampler<br />
(Compound<br />
semiconductor<br />
less than 10ps)<br />
12<br />
8<br />
4<br />
0<br />
-4<br />
-8<br />
Simul<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Measurement<br />
-12<br />
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16<br />
Frequency (GHz)<br />
10<br />
|S 21 | (dB)<br />
Bakr, Deen, Fang,<br />
Hranilovic, Liu,<br />
Nikolova,<br />
Selvaganap<strong>at</strong>hy,<br />
Hayward, P<strong>at</strong>terson<br />
5<br />
0<br />
-5<br />
-10<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16<br />
Frequency (GHz)
Nanoelectronics – Wireless Sensor<br />
B<strong>and</strong>pass<br />
filter<br />
DC mixer<br />
Antenna<br />
Duplexer<br />
LNA<br />
LO<br />
ADC<br />
Channel<br />
select<br />
Baseb<strong>and</strong><br />
processing<br />
PA<br />
DAC<br />
B<strong>and</strong>pass<br />
filter<br />
UC mixer
Nanotubes - Contacts<br />
Chromophore-functionalized<br />
polymers on nanotubes<br />
nanotubes<br />
electrodes<br />
Block copolymer functionalized nanotubes<br />
might also SA into controllable p<strong>at</strong>terns<br />
between deposited electrodes on surfaces<br />
S. Soliveres, et a, Proc. 18th Intern<strong>at</strong>ional<br />
Conf. on Noise in Physical Systems & 1/f<br />
Fluctu<strong>at</strong>ions (ICNF 2005), Salamanca, Spain,<br />
pp. 462-265 (19-23 September 2005).
Collabor<strong>at</strong>ion between Ray LaPierre (Engineering Physics), Cecile Fradin (Physics),<br />
<strong>and</strong> Bhagw<strong>at</strong>i Gupta (Department of Biology)<br />
» Lapierre grows light emitting nanowires. Fradin <strong>and</strong> Gupta use<br />
nanowires for cellular studies.<br />
a<br />
b<br />
SEM image showing ensemble<br />
of AlGaAs nanowires.<br />
Microscopy (left) <strong>and</strong> PL image (right)<br />
of nanowires. Nanowires emit in the<br />
visible region (700 nm) <strong>at</strong> room<br />
temper<strong>at</strong>ure. Scale bar is 1 μm.<br />
Nanowires are injected<br />
into nem<strong>at</strong>ode for<br />
cellular <strong>and</strong> toxicological<br />
studies.
39% Si, annealed <strong>at</strong> 1100 °C (BFTEM, HRTEM, EFTEM)<br />
Si-ncs: Structure<br />
<br />
42 % Si, annealed <strong>at</strong> 1100 °C (BFTEM) <strong>and</strong> 1200 °C (HRTEM)<br />
T.R. Roschuk et al., ECS Transactions 6, 2007
Silicon Photonics – The Giga Challenge<br />
• Si-based light sources<br />
Electrically pumped<br />
• Lasers, LEDs<br />
• Bulk Si - indirect b<strong>and</strong>gap<br />
e-h recombin<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
• Phonon medi<strong>at</strong>ed<br />
• Slow<br />
Competing processes<br />
• Auger process<br />
• Free carrier absorption
Si-ncs: Photoluminescence<br />
• UV excited PL<br />
HeCd Laser<br />
325 nm excit<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
SRSO Samples<br />
• PL in the NIR<br />
Normalized Photon Flux [a.u.]<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
600 C<br />
800 C<br />
1000 C<br />
1100 C<br />
1200 C<br />
0<br />
400 500 600 700 800 900<br />
Wavelength [nm]<br />
T. Roschuk et al., ECS Proc. Vol. 2005-1, 136 (2005)<br />
Normalized Photon Flux<br />
1,0<br />
0,8<br />
0,6<br />
0,4<br />
0,2<br />
0,0<br />
y= 0.345<br />
T= 1100ºC<br />
0.36<br />
1100ºC<br />
0.36<br />
1200ºC<br />
0.40<br />
1100ºC 0.40<br />
1200ºC<br />
700 800 900 1000<br />
Wavelength (nm)
Polymer-nanotubes composites<br />
10 nm<br />
10 nm<br />
Polymer<br />
Filled<br />
nanotubes<br />
Carbon Nano-<br />
Torus (?)<br />
A. Adronov et al
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