petrology of ultramafic and related rocks along iraqi zagros thrust zone

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Buday (1973) studied the geology of north-eastern Iraq and divided it into: 1. Zagros thrust zone, which comprises both Inner zone and Outer zone, represented by Qandil unit, Qulqula and Walash- Naopurdan Series, respectively. 2. Imbricate zone, represented by Red Bed Series and eastern part of folded zone. Buday and Jassim (1987) modified above bipartite subdivision of Buday (1973) into a tripartite subdivision on the basis of main sedimentary sequence, as follows: 1. External zone, which comprises both Balambo-Tanjero and the Northern thrust subzone represented by unmetamorphosed rocks that were deposited in miogeosynclinal depositional environment and affected by Laramide and Late-Alpine orogeny. 2. Central zone, represented by sediments of Mesozoic and Tertiary ages associated with volcanic activity, comprises both Qulqula – Khwakurk subzone and the Penjwin – Walash subzone. 3. Internal zone, composed of metamorphosed Cretaceous shale and volcano-sedimentary sequences. Five ultramafic rock bodies occur as linear arrays in the Iraqi Zagros Thrust Zone. They are from southwest to northeast as follow, Penjwin ultramafic bodies, Mawat ultramafic bodies, Betwat serpentinized ultramafic bodies, Puza ultramafic bodies and Qalander serpentized ultramafic bodies (Fig. 2-1). We subdivide them according to the associated rocks into two groups (Mohammad and Meakawa, 2007). Ultramafic bodies associated with ophiolite rocks including both Mawat and Penjwin ultramafic rocks and isolated serpentinized peridotites including Pauza, Betwat and Qalander. Nowadays such linear array of metamorphosed ultramafic rocks is lithological marker of suture zone between plates within orogens (Ditez, 1963; Moores, 1981; Dewey and Bird, 1970; Brewer an Woodward, 1988; Adam et. al., 1995; Raymond et. al. 2001) 15
2-1-1 Geology of Penjwin area 2-1-1-1 Penjwin ophiolite The Penjwin igneous complex represents an ophiolite sequence within the larger Zagros belt. It is a northwest-southeast trending elongated body (35 km 2 ) within the Iraqi territories. The remnant parts were located within adjacent Iranian territories (Mahmmod, 1978). The Penjwin ophiolite sequence is bounded on the east by phyllite and calcschist of the Qandeil unit and on the west by the Merga Red Bed of the Tertiary Red Bed Series (Fig. 2-2). The Penjwin ophiolite sequence consists of alpine-type peridotite overlain by banded gabbro and diorite with a small dyke of pyroxenite. Field relations show that the complex is a continuous sequence from peridotite (dunite, harzburgite, websterite, and bronzitite) at the bottom, through amphibolitized gabbro, to diorite at the top. A large part of the ophiolite extends into the Iranian territories. The Penjwin igneous complex is separated from the Tertiary Red Bed Series to the west by a high angle reverse fault. The complex is in contact with metamorphosed limestone of the Qandiel unit at the northeastern end, and the boundary passes just south of the town of Penjwin. 2-1-1-2 Qandil sequence Buday (1973) subdivided Qandil sequence into upper sedimentary Qandil unit and lower metamorphosed unit. The latter one is subdivided into an upper metamorphosed sedimentary Serginil unit and a lower metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary Gimo unit. Buday (1987) subdivided Gimo unit into two subunits, the upper one is metamorphosed volcanosedimentary subunit and lower metavolcanic subunit. Volcanosedimentary subunit comprises metabasalt, pillow lava interbeded with marbles, phyllite, and calc-schist. Meta-volcanic unit consists of olivine theolites and spilites metamorphosed to greenschist facies. 16
Page 1 and 2: PETROLOGY OF ULTRAMAFIC AND RELATED
Page 3 and 4: We certify that we read this thesis
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Four main ultramafic rock
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Chapter 1: Background, Aim
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 7: Conclusions and Recommen
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3 - 10: Field photograph of
Page 13 and 14: albite - tremolite zone, E = albite
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6 - 19: Time-paragenesis, al
Page 17 and 18: Table 6 - 2: Representative microna
Page 19 and 20: 1 BACKGROUND 1-1 Ultramafic rocks U
Page 21 and 22: ocks of the belt. These attributes
Page 23 and 24: 1-1-3 Metamorphism of ultramafics M
Page 25 and 26: Reaction 1: Isochemical serpentiniz
Page 27 and 28: 1-2-2 Jadeitites Jadeitite is compo
Page 29 and 30: In combining the new data on the se
Page 31: 2-1 Regional geology The Iraq Zagro
Page 35 and 36: of Luta-Rash. Volcanic rocks are ex
Page 37 and 38: and a sandstone unit of the Paleoce
Page 39: Fig. 2-1: Tectonic subdivision of I
Page 42 and 43: Fig. 2-4: Field photograph of Gimo
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 3 Petrology of ultramafic r
Page 47 and 48: 3-1-2 Harzburgite Harzburgite is th
Page 49 and 50: 3-1-6 Serpentinite Two types of ser
Page 51 and 52: small amount of ilmenite. Hornblend
Page 53: In places, it is surrounded by fine
Page 62 and 63: 4 Mineralogy and mineral chemistry
Page 64 and 65: compositions with Mg-number ranging
Page 66 and 67: 4-3-4 Hydrous phases Hydrous phases
Page 68 and 69: Fig 4 -3: Compositions of chromian
Page 70 and 71: Fig 4 -6: Compositions of chromian
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5 Discussions 55
Page 74 and 75: the tectonite region of the graph (
Page 76 and 77: involves loss and gain of CaO, SiO
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 5 - 1: Chromian spinel composi
Page 80 and 81: Fig. 5-3: Cr-number in spinel vs. F
Page 82 and 83:
Chapter 6 Related rock 65
Page 84 and 85:
plagioclase (Figs. 6 - 2 G,H) and z
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Plagioclase and ilmenite are the or
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2 CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 (anorthite) + Na
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apatite grains, characterized by bl
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the rim. Estimated pressure - tempe
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16 clinozoisite + H 2 O. (16) From
Page 96 and 97:
metamorphism. It was also formed du
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Fig. 6 - 2: Photomicrographs and im
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Fig. 6 - 4: Backscattered electron
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Fig. 6 - 7: Line scan profile acros
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Fig. 6 - 9: Line scan profile of pa
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Fig. 6 - 11: (A) Backscatter electr
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Fig. 6 - 13: Field of the approxima
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Fig. 6 - 15: Whole rock chemical co
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Fig. 6 - 17: Whole rock chemical co
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Fig. 6 - 19: Time-paragenesis, albi
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1 Conclusions 1. The Iraqi Zagros T
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2 Recommendations for further works
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Arai, S., 1987. An estimation of th
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Chakhmouradian, A.R., Reguir, E.P.,
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Evans, B.W., Frost, B.R., 1975. Chr
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Kamenetsky, V., Crawford, A. J., an
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Morand, V.J., 1990. High chromium a
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Watson, E.B., Wark, D. A. and Thoma
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Table 4 - 1: Representative microna
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Table 4 -11: Representative microna
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Table 4 -13: Representative microna
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Research public activity Peer-revie
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petrology of ultramafic and related rocks along iraqi zagros thrust zone

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