The Appendicular Skeleton

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A Laboratory Manual of Human Anatomy and Physiology 3. Pelvic Appendage (Leg) a. Femur*: head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, medial condyle, lateral condyle, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle. b. Patella c. Tibia*: lateral condyle, medial condyle, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus. d. Fibula: head, lateral malleolus. e. Bones of the Foot: tarsals (identify talus and calcaneus), metatarsals, and phalanges. 4. Pelvic Girdle: Coxal (Innominate) bone*, acetabulum, obturator foramen. a. Ilium: iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, articular surface with sacrum. b. Ishium: ischial spine, ischial tuberosity. c. Pubis: pubic symphysis, pubic arch. d. Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis: a typical male and a typical female pelvis should be available in the lab for you to compare. Using your textbook as a guide, locate some of the structural differences. What obvious function underlies these differences? B. The Joints (Articulations) Joints are classified according to the amount of movement which they permit. Based on this criterion, three general types of joints can be identified. Examples of various joints are available in the laboratory. Using your textbook as a reference, you should be able to classify all joints into one of the three groups listed below. In the space provided define and give an example of each. 1. Synarthroses – 2. Amphiarthroses – 3. Diarthroses – 3-12
The Appendicular Skeleton C. Long Bone in Longitudinal Section In addition to looking at various bones of the appendicular skeleton, you should take a look at a longitudinal section of the humerus or other long bone. This section will enable you to see the medullary (marrow) cavity, spongy and compact bone, and other features. On Figure 3–1, match the numbers to the appropriate parts of the bone. Some of the features (e.g. marrow and cartilage) can only be seen in fresh bone, and are not present in the dry bones that are available in the lab. 1 9 8 7 5 2 3 6 A. Match the labels with the following terms: ___ Articular cartilage ___ Compact bone ___ Diaphysis ___ Distal epiphysis ___ Endosteum ___ Medullary cavity ___ Periosteum ___ Proximal epiphysis ___ Spongy bone 4 Figure 3-1. PARTS OF A LONG BONE 3-13
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