Cultivating Palmaria palmata - Bord Iascaigh Mhara

shrimps) is combined with organic extractive (e.g. shellfish) and inorganic extractive (e.g. seaweed)
aquaculture species to counterbalance environmental impacts by reducing waste (e.g. nutrient-rich
effluents from fish) through re-use by shellfish (particulate matter) and seaweeds (dissolved inorganic
components of effluent such as nitrates and phosphate). Ref., for example: Nobre et al., 2010; Neori,
2008; Chopin et al., 2001; Chopin & Yarish, 1999).
Karyogamy: The fusion of the two nuclei as a result of the union of a male and a female gamete.
Meiosis: A type of cell and nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is halved, e.g. from diploid to
haploid.
Meristem: An area or aggregation of cells which are not specialised but divide frequently to produce new tissue;
an area of growth.
Phycoerythrin: A red, water-soluble pigment, in red algae. It is utilised as a fluorescent tag by the medical
diagnostic industry.
Phycocolloids: Economically important polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds with gelling properties (agar,
carrageenan, alginates; see also Hydrocolloids). These are widely used by the food and
pharmaceutical industry.
Polysaccharide: A large carbohydrate polymer built of simple sugar molecules, to which specific chemical
groups may be attached.
Sorus, sori (pl.): A cluster of spore-containing structures (sporangia) found in algae, fungi and lichens. The
spores that are produced are haploid meiospores.
Spermatangium, spermatangia (pl.): Sex organ of a male gametophyte in red algae which develops a single
non-motile spermatium.
Spermatium, spermatia (pl.): A non-motile male gamete, released by a male gametophyte.
Sporangium, sporangia (pl.): A cell that divides to form spores.
Spore: An asexual reproductive cell produced by sporangia.
Sporophyte: Diploid phase in the life cycle of seaweed and plants, producing spores for reproduction.
Tetrasporophyte: Diploid phase of the life history of many red algae, which produces tetraspores for
reproduction.
Thallus, thalli (pl.): The undifferentiated body of an alga.
Zygote: A diploid cell formed by the union of a male and female haploid gamete.
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