EUROPA - Introduction to the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10 neurs associations, unions and the government. The situation is similar to other continental European countries which suffer from poor functioning labour markets. A solution to the problems of unemployment can be achieved by an upgrading of labour quality and an entry into a more knowledge based economy. However a growth in the number of workplaces will only take place in the long run. An important lesson to be learned in the more mature EU Member States is, that it will be extremely difficult to compensate losses of workplaces for low qualified labour by gains in employment for qualified labour. A necessary prerequisite for such a development is a well functioning labour market. This is in particular true for countries during a transition period with its extreme structural changes which result in losses of employment in some sectors and gains in others. Only well functioning labour markets can avoid frictions raised by local disequilibria. The investigation in the engineering sectors of the new Member States provides an initial impression on strengths and weaknesses. Further research is suggested to evaluate policies which should be designed to strengthen the competitiveness of the engineering industries. It should be directed toward price and technology competition. An in-depth assessment of the challenges from emerging competitors, namely China is proposed. This requires a more detailed analysis of trade flows by product groups as well as an assessment of the supply side conditions in the newly industrializing economies and the entrepreneurial potential which contributes to their comparative advantages. The analysis of the technological competition in this study has focused on areas that are directly related to engineering industries. Many of these technologies are mature. In a more detailed investigation the so-called new technologies, such as information and communication technology, new materials etc. should be taken into consideration. To a large extent progress in these technologies is provided by upstream industries and has not been considered in the study at hand. These technologies and the related industries should be integrated in a more comprehensive investigation of the competitiveness. Likewise linkages to downstream industries should be taken into account. The spanning topic for the investigation should be an assessment of different policy options and their impact on the development of the engineering industries’ competitiveness and employment.
11 2 Importance and Evolution of the Engineering Sectors in the New Member States This chapter provides the in-depth analysis of the new Member States engineering, distinguished by sector and by country. Chapter 2.1 gives an overview on total engineering for all of the acceded countries. The engineering sectors of these countries are compared to the EU-15 by its size and its development. Special attention is paid to the evolution pattern during the phase of transition in particular tendencies in employment, growth and productivity are shown. This analysis illustrates that the new Member States growth was above all made possible by a markedly increased efficiency of labour input. Albeit strongly growing output the employment record was even worse than for the EU- 15. Following in Chapter 2.2 the subsectors of the engineering industries are described in detail. They are compared to the EU-15 by output, employment, productivity, labour costs and unit-labour costs. The efficiency indicators of the subsectors are also calculated as a percentage of the respective indicator for total engineering and give thus an insight in the relative position of the subsector as compared to total new Member States engineering sectors and the relative position of this subsector as compared to its counterpart in the EU-15. Chapter 2.3 analyses the performance of the engineering industries by each of the Member States under consideration. The five bigger Member States are analysed separately and the Baltic States are regarded together. The absolute figures, the efficiency indicators and the development are compared to all of the acceded countries. This chapter also contains a qualitative description and assessment of the sectors mechanical and electrical engineering as well as for domestic appliances. Additionally this chapter gives insight into micro-economic developments exemplarily stressed for selected companies. 2.1 Engineering Sectors in all of the New Member States Compared to EU-15 The engineering sectors in the new Member States contribute 14.4% to total manufacturing output (Table 2.1). As compared to the former EU-15 the weight of the engineering industries on total manufacturing is quite similar, 13.3% in 2004 (Table2.2). There are three sectors under consideration, mechanical engineering (NACE 29.1-5), electrical engineering (NACE 31) and domestic appliances (NACE 29.7). Both of the first two sectors supply investment goods and affiliated intermediary goods, whereas the
Page 1: Institute for Economic Research at
Page 5 and 6: I Table of Contents 1 Executive Sum
Page 7 and 8: III List of Tables Table 2.1: Key d
Page 9 and 10: V List of figures Figure 2.1: Engin
Page 11: VII Preliminary Remark The study re
Page 14 and 15: 2 only economic efficiency data are
Page 16 and 17: 4 1.2 Structural Changes in the New
Page 18 and 19: 6 tigation between 1995 and 2004 Th
Page 20 and 21: 8 currencies of the new Member Stat
Page 24 and 25: 12 third sector comprises durable c
Page 26 and 27: 14 duction. These discrepancies sug
Page 28 and 29: 16 The differing patterns between t
Page 30 and 31: 18 2.2 Investigation in the Enginee
Page 32 and 33: 20 Table 2.5: Key data for NACE 29.
Page 34 and 35: 22 downturn in value added in 1999,
Page 36 and 37: 24 Labour productivity and unit lab
Page 38 and 39: 26 Table 2.8: Key data for NACE 29.
Page 40 and 41: 28 Hungarian patenting activity, bu
Page 42 and 43: 30 modular conception to customized
Page 44 and 45: 32 2.2.7 Non-domestic Cooling and V
Page 46 and 47: 34 or spraying liquids or powders (
Page 48 and 49: 36 2.2.9 Agricultural Tractors (NAC
Page 50 and 51: 38 2.2.10 Other Agricultural Machin
Page 52 and 53: 40 2.2.11 Machine Tools, Woodworkin
Page 54 and 55: 42 Table 2.15: Key data for NACE 29
Page 58 and 59: 46 This development is also in line
Page 62 and 63: 50 has a trade balance deficit with
Page 64 and 65: 52 While single-part production pre
Page 66 and 67: 54 for the manufacture of products
Page 68 and 69: 56 The manufacture of electrical do
Page 70 and 71: 58 The manufacture of non-electric
Page 72 and 73:
60 ing 37.5 W; other DC motors; DC
Page 74 and 75:
62 2.2.21 Electrical Distribution a
Page 76 and 77:
64 higher than the average and they
Page 78 and 79:
66 Figure 2-23: Comparison of NACE
Page 80 and 81:
68 Table 2.27: Key data for NACE 31
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
76 manufacturing industries value a
Page 90 and 91:
78 There are important downstream l
Page 92 and 93:
80 vatization. This is why railway
Page 94 and 95:
82 tions in engineering reached 6.4
Page 96 and 97:
84 The capacities for high performa
Page 98 and 99:
86 The global original equipment ma
Page 100 and 101:
88 rates the sector “domestic app
Page 102 and 103:
90 for foreign investors. But some
Page 104 and 105:
92 CSM Tisovec a.s., another compan
Page 106 and 107:
94 EU-15 companies are of outstandi
Page 108 and 109:
96 Country experts assessed EU regu
Page 110 and 111:
98 The majority of the mechanical e
Page 112 and 113:
100 use of personal protective equi
Page 114 and 115:
102 3 Engineering Sectors in an Enl
Page 116 and 117:
104 economy. Most of the investment
Page 118 and 119:
106 Table3.3: Production of the new
Page 120 and 121:
108 Figure 3.1: The evolution of in
Page 122 and 123:
110 3.2.1 The Assessment of the Acq
Page 124 and 125:
112 the EU Services Directive will
Page 126 and 127:
114 The high momentum of the new Me
Page 128 and 129:
116 have been relocated. These days
Page 130 and 131:
118 Up to now the Chinese deliverie
Page 132 and 133:
120 Table 4.3: Changes in the Price
Page 134 and 135:
122 4.4 Assessment of the Technolog
Page 136 and 137:
124 Table 4.6: Country Share of Eng
Page 138 and 139:
126 5 Conclusions 5.1 Final Assessm
Page 140 and 141:
128 sectors. Such a study should be
Page 143 and 144:
131 6 INFORMATION PROVIDER Czech Re
Page 145:
133 Mgr. Vlado Kalina Secretary Gen
Page 149 and 150:
1 1 Innovation Intensity - Use of I
Page 151 and 152:
3 In small countries and particular
Page 153:
References 5 Griliches, Zvi (1990),
show all

EUROPA - Introduction to the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?