EUROPA - Introduction to the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering ...

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12 third sector comprises durable consumer goods. This means that the market environment differs much from the first two sectors. It is characterized by a supply of standard Table 2.1: Key data for the New Member States’ Engineering Sectors 2004 Indicator Total engineering Mechanical engineering Electrical engineering Household appliances Units in % 1) Units in % 2) Units in % 2) Units in % 2) Production (€ m) 35,698 14,267 40.0 18,285 51.2 3,147 8.8 Value added (€ m) 11,035 14.4 5,243 47.5 5,063 45.9 729 6.6 Employees (1000) 760 13.8 381 50.1 338 44.4 42 5.5 Labour productivity 3) 14.5 105.0 13.8 94.9 15.0 103.3 17.3 119.2 Unit-labour costs 4) 0.62 146.7 0.65 109.5 0.67 111.9 0.84 141.3 Innovation intensity 5) 6.9 11.0 159.2 3.6 51.8 4.0 58.5 Extra EU-25 exports (€ m) 5,190 12.6 3,323 64.0 1,866 36.0 617 11.9 Extra EU-25 imports (€ m) 6,815 12.7 3,282 48.1 3,534 51.9 504 7.4 Exports to EU-15 (€ m) 6) 21,620 24.1 9,816 45.4 11,804 54.6 2,316 10.7 Imports from EU-15 (€ m) 6) 26,811 35.5 16,923 63.1 9,888 36.9 1,473 5.5 1) As a percentage of total manufacturing; 2) As a percentage of total engineering; 3) 1000€ per capita and annum; 4) Labour Costs (€) per Value Added (€); 5) Patent applications in at least 2 countries per 1 billion € production; 6) For the EU-15: foreign trade with NMS. Source: EUROSTAT; epidos/INPADOC; VDMA; ZVEI; Calculation by the Ifo Institute.
13 Table2.2: Key data for the EU-15 Engineering Sectors 2004 Indicator Total engineering Mechanical engineerinneering Electrical engi- Household appliances 3) Units Share 1) Units Share 2) Units Share 2) Units 3) Share 2) Production (€ m) 588,272 11.0 380,068 64.6 177,905 30.2 30,299 5.2 Value added (€ m) 193,128 13.3 127,560 66.0 54,876 28.4 9,638 5.0 Employees (1000) 3,298 11.8 2,211 67.0 1,087 33.0 183 5.6 Labour productivity 58.6 112.7 57.7 98.5 50.5 86.2 52.6 89.9 Unit-labour costs 0.75 0.77 102.0 0.74 98.3 0.71 94.3 Innovation intensity 37.9 42.5 112.1 27.7 72.9 34.3 90.5 Extra EU-25 exports (€ 141,626 95,615 67.5 38,741 27.4 7,270 5.1 m) Extra EU-25 imports 88,772 50,001 56.3 32,293 36.4 6,478 7.3 (€ m) Exports to NMS (€ 26,811 16,923 63.1 9,888 36.9 1,414 5.3 m) Imports from NMS 21,620 9,816 45.4 11,804 54.6 2,161 10.0 (€ m) 1) As a percentage of total manufacturing industries; 2) As a percentage of total engineering; 3) Electrical household appliances (For the definition of the respective variables see Table 2.1) Source: EUROSTAT; epidos/INPADOC; VDMA; ZVEI; Calculation by the Ifo Institute. ized volume products. Efficient distribution channels, economies of scale and the selection of a location for production are of outstanding importance. For the other sectors under investigation close relationships to clients and the design of customized solutions are more important. If one compares mechanical and electrical engineering there are also some noteworthy differences to be mentioned. Mechanical engineering is – with the exception of a few subgroups – the main supplying sector of manufacturing technologies. Electrical engineering does not only comprise capital goods, such as motors, generators and related intermediary goods, but also a broad range of products, such as lighting, batteries and accumulators which are to a certain extent dedicated for private households. In some segments there is a large-batch production. Further on the automotive industry is an important client industry, which orders starters, batteries, lighting etc. This sector has got some stimulus from foreign direct investment (FDI) for the production of cars in the new Member States and an additional growth impetus, as measured by the production. The sectors electrical engineering and domestic appliances were in the focus of big international players in the market, whereas in mechanical engineering even mediumsized companies above all from the EU-15 have overtaken a noteworthy stake in pro-
Page 1: Institute for Economic Research at
Page 5 and 6: I Table of Contents 1 Executive Sum
Page 7 and 8: III List of Tables Table 2.1: Key d
Page 9 and 10: V List of figures Figure 2.1: Engin
Page 11: VII Preliminary Remark The study re
Page 14 and 15: 2 only economic efficiency data are
Page 16 and 17: 4 1.2 Structural Changes in the New
Page 18 and 19: 6 tigation between 1995 and 2004 Th
Page 20 and 21: 8 currencies of the new Member Stat
Page 22 and 23: 10 neurs associations, unions and t
Page 26 and 27: 14 duction. These discrepancies sug
Page 28 and 29: 16 The differing patterns between t
Page 30 and 31: 18 2.2 Investigation in the Enginee
Page 32 and 33: 20 Table 2.5: Key data for NACE 29.
Page 34 and 35: 22 downturn in value added in 1999,
Page 36 and 37: 24 Labour productivity and unit lab
Page 38 and 39: 26 Table 2.8: Key data for NACE 29.
Page 40 and 41: 28 Hungarian patenting activity, bu
Page 42 and 43: 30 modular conception to customized
Page 44 and 45: 32 2.2.7 Non-domestic Cooling and V
Page 46 and 47: 34 or spraying liquids or powders (
Page 48 and 49: 36 2.2.9 Agricultural Tractors (NAC
Page 50 and 51: 38 2.2.10 Other Agricultural Machin
Page 52 and 53: 40 2.2.11 Machine Tools, Woodworkin
Page 54 and 55: 42 Table 2.15: Key data for NACE 29
Page 58 and 59: 46 This development is also in line
Page 62 and 63: 50 has a trade balance deficit with
Page 64 and 65: 52 While single-part production pre
Page 66 and 67: 54 for the manufacture of products
Page 68 and 69: 56 The manufacture of electrical do
Page 70 and 71: 58 The manufacture of non-electric
Page 72 and 73: 60 ing 37.5 W; other DC motors; DC
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62 2.2.21 Electrical Distribution a
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64 higher than the average and they
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66 Figure 2-23: Comparison of NACE
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68 Table 2.27: Key data for NACE 31
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76 manufacturing industries value a
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78 There are important downstream l
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80 vatization. This is why railway
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82 tions in engineering reached 6.4
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84 The capacities for high performa
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86 The global original equipment ma
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88 rates the sector “domestic app
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90 for foreign investors. But some
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92 CSM Tisovec a.s., another compan
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94 EU-15 companies are of outstandi
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96 Country experts assessed EU regu
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98 The majority of the mechanical e
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100 use of personal protective equi
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102 3 Engineering Sectors in an Enl
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104 economy. Most of the investment
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106 Table3.3: Production of the new
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108 Figure 3.1: The evolution of in
Page 122 and 123:
110 3.2.1 The Assessment of the Acq
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112 the EU Services Directive will
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114 The high momentum of the new Me
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116 have been relocated. These days
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118 Up to now the Chinese deliverie
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120 Table 4.3: Changes in the Price
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122 4.4 Assessment of the Technolog
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124 Table 4.6: Country Share of Eng
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126 5 Conclusions 5.1 Final Assessm
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128 sectors. Such a study should be
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131 6 INFORMATION PROVIDER Czech Re
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133 Mgr. Vlado Kalina Secretary Gen
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1 1 Innovation Intensity - Use of I
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3 In small countries and particular
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References 5 Griliches, Zvi (1990),
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